10 urban imm gilded age
TRANSCRIPT
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URBAN AMERICA1865-1896
The Gilded Age
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Immigrants from Europe
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Cartoon: Immigration• Old Immigrants resented the New Immigrants.
• New Immigrants came to this country for the same reasons as the Old Immigrants.
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• Many American nativists disliked new immigrants
because they would not
assimilate into American society.
• Would stay segregated in their
ethnic neighborhoods.
Why the Double
Standard?
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• Resentment and
discrimination against the
Chinese.
• First law to restrict
immigration.
• Taking away jobs from Nativists
Chinese Exclusion Act 1
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Ellis Island was built in
1892 as the 1st “Immigration
Center”Later, closed in the 1940sToday it is a
museum.
• The goal was to “screen” immigrants coming from Europe.
• Immigrants took physical examinations and were held at Ellis Island before they were released to the US mainland.
*Angel Island on East Coast
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Phrase penned by Mark Twain as satire for the way America had become. It revealed the
“best and worst” of America. The Gilded Age suggests that
there was a glittering layer of prosperity that covered the poverty and corruption that existed in much of society.
Theme: The Coming of America It needed reform.
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The Role of the Political Boss• May serve as mayor he:
• controls city jobs, business licenses• influenced courts, municipal
agencies• arranged building projects
community services•Bosses paid by businesses, get voters’ loyalty, extend influence
Immigrants and the Machine• Many captains, bosses 1st or 2nd generation Americans• Machines help immigrants with naturalization, jobs,
housing
Election Fraud and Graft•Machines use electoral fraud to win elections•Graft—illegal use of political influence for personal gain•Machines take kickbacks, bribes to allow legal, illegal activities
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• Corrupt political leader put New York City in debtPolitical boss
• 1851 elected to city council• 1852 served in Congress
• Kept Democratic Party in power in NYC called Tammany Hall
• Formed the Tweed Ring• Bought votes, encouraged corruption, controlled NYC politics
Later Tweed was arrested and jailed in NYC, later died there
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190076 million population
60% lived in rural areas
190076 million population
60% lived in rural areas
187040 million
population75% lived
in rural areas
187040 million
population75% lived
in rural areas
“URBANIZATION”
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Crop prices decrease, new machinery and corrupt railroads forced many farmers to look for new jobs.Crop prices decrease, new machinery and corrupt
railroads forced many farmers to look for new jobs.
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Immigrants Settle in Cities Industrialization leads to urbanization, or growth of
cities
Most immigrants settle in cities; get cheap housing, factory jobs
Americanization—assimilate people into main culture
Schools, voluntary groups teach citizenship skills English, American history, cooking, etiquette
Ethnic communities provide social support
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• In 1860 no American city could boast a
million inhabitants.
•1890, New York, Chicago and
Philadelphia had spurted past the
million mark.
• In 1860 no American city could boast a
million inhabitants.
•1890, New York, Chicago and
Philadelphia had spurted past the
million mark.Cities
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Cities provided opportunities
•Machine-made jobs•high wages
•ended monotony of the farm.
Cities provided opportunities
•Machine-made jobs•high wages
•ended monotony of the farm.
Cities
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Job opportunities for Women• School teaching
• Domestic service • Women doctors
• Lawyers, typists, telephone girls, librarians, journalists and social workers.
Job opportunities for Women• School teaching
• Domestic service • Women doctors
• Lawyers, typists, telephone girls, librarians, journalists and social workers.
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Water 1860s cities have inadequate or no piped
water, indoor plumbing rare Filtration introduced 1870s, chlorination in
1908
Sanitation Streets: manure, open gutters, factory smoke,
poor trash collection Contractors hired to sweep streets, collect
garbage, clean outhouses-------often do not do job properly
By 1900, cities develop sewer lines, create sanitation departments
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Crime As population grows, thieves flourish
Early police forces too small to be effective Fire Fire hazards: limited water, wood houses,
candles, kerosene heaters Most firefighters volunteers, not always
available 1900, most cities have full-time, professional
fire departments Fire sprinklers, non-flammable building
materials make cities safer
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The Settlement House Movement• Social welfare reformers work to relieve urban poverty• Social Gospel movement—preaches salvation
through service to poor
• Settlement houses—community centers in slums, help immigrants
•Run by college-educated women, they:- provide educational, cultural, social services- send visiting nurses to the sick- help with personal, job, financial problems
• Jane Addams founds Hull House
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• To provide a center for higher civic and
social life; to institute and
maintain educational and philanthropic
enterprises. • To investigate and
improve the conditions in the
industrial districts of Chicago.
• To help assimilate the immigrant
population
• To provide a center for higher civic and
social life; to institute and
maintain educational and philanthropic
enterprises. • To investigate and
improve the conditions in the
industrial districts of Chicago.
• To help assimilate the immigrant
population
• To provide a center for higher civic and
social life; to institute and
maintain educational and philanthropic
enterprises. • To investigate and
improve the conditions in the
industrial districts of Chicago.
• To help assimilate the immigrant
population
• To provide a center for higher civic and
social life; to institute and
maintain educational and philanthropic
enterprises. • To investigate and
improve the conditions in the
industrial districts of Chicago.
• To help assimilate the immigrant
population
RUN BY COLLEGE EDUCATED WOMEN
provide educational, cultural, social servicessend visiting nurses to the sickhelp with personal, job, financial problems
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• In 1889, the settlement
house movement
spread rapidly. • By 1900 more than 400 houses
had been established in major cities across the country.
• In 1889, the settlement
house movement
spread rapidly. • By 1900 more than 400 houses
had been established in major cities across the country.
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