10/16/20151 rtv 420 importance and basics of video production and visual storytelling interactive...
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RTV 420Importance and basics of video production and visual storytelling
Interactive Media
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Film vs. Video
Film a thin flexible strip of plastic or
other material coated with light-sensitive emulsion for exposure in a camera, used to produce photographs or motion pictures
Responds to light Video
magnetic tape for recording and reproducing visual images and sound.
Responds to electrical current
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Film vs.Video
Film stock is the imaging device for motion picture film -- chemical reaction to light
CCD or CMOS is the imaging device for video -- a transducer
Future for film?
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Film
8 mm, 16mm, 35mm, 70mm Super 16 and 35 mm Film stock--costs and processing
Film stock types: b/w or color, negative or reversal, fast or slow, tungsten or daylight
24 fps Sprocket holes, audio recording
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Magnetic Videotape
Now only Digital -- Not ‘filming’ Interlaced or Progressive DVCam, DVCPro, MiniDV
Variety of digital tape formats Standard or High Def 4:3 or 16:9 Digital Compression Codecs
H.264 dominant now Dominant companies (Microsoft .wmv) Open source / licensed (COFDM)
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New storage options
HDD DVD / Blu Ray / Optical discs Flash memory (built in vs.
removable, like SD card) Solid state
Still ‘video recording’—magnetic, electrical process
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Digital Video 480 vs. 720 vs. 1080 Contrast ratio Megapixels I vs. P Lossy or Lossless codecs Color sampling: relationship of
chroma to luma Bit depth: the number of individual 0s
and 1s sampled Move to 4K / UltraHD
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Time Code
Vital to videotape Important for timing / syncing SMPTE VITC vs. longitudinal BUT, for digital, still critical to
timing and sync
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Lenses
Camera body vs. lens Zoom or fixed (prime) -- critical focus Optical vs. Digital zoom Diaphragm / aperture -- f-stops / t-stops /
number means what? Manual vs. autofocus
Sharp focus, Selective focus, follow focus, rack focus, soft focus, swimming focus
Depth of field is affected by focal length, aperture, and the distance of objects from the camera.
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Camera mounts
Tripod and pedestal Friction head / Fluid Head
Crane vs. jib Dolly / track SteadiCam vs. Handheld
Image stabilization Robotics, follow me, Segue,
‘copter, cable mount, etc. IS vs. actually stable
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Shot Composition
Rule of Thirds Point of View Angle
High angle, low angle, high level, low level, bird’s eye view, canted / Dutch angle
Cut off lines, look space, lead room, head room, eye line
Terms: WS, OTS, 2/S, etc.
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Transitions
What is a shot? Fade / cut / Diss / Wipe / DVE Changing shots in a continuous shot Multi cam shoots vs. film style Real time to Filmic time Invisible / seamless edits Sequences Master Shot / cover shot Jump cuts / pop cuts
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Camera movements
Pan, tilt, truck, dolly, arc, zoom, boom/pedestal
DVE Crane, tracking, feather, 360 shot,
follow, swish pan, snap zoom
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Technical vs. aesthetics What kind of camera? What kind
of lighting? What kind of lens? Consumer vs. Prosumer vs.
professional cameras (reading next week)
How the story is told? ‘Language’ of visual storytelling -- Hollywood style, home movies style, new media style, NPPA / news style
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Concept of visual storytelling:
Stages of production, roles of crew positions, differences in producers and directors by types of production, sequences, rule of thirds, continuity, jump cuts, pacing, motivated pans and zooms, creativity – and connection of meaning to the audience.
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How do we create visual content? B-roll with nat sound interviews Voice overs dramatic scenes How do we 'create' b-roll when then is no
event to shoot? ("The Ken Burns Effect")
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How do we create visual content? CREATIVITY – the technique plus the
unique quality of this one production What are the standard techniques for
shooting b-roll, interviews, and dramatic scenes? But then how do we do it so it’s not cliché?
Visual storytelling--does what you have: drive the story? Build characters? keep the audience connected? accomplish the communication goal?
So the key to video…
The language of visual storytelling shooting video in sequences Capturing and controlling light Correct manipulation of the tool
you are using Cinematographer Gaffer Production designer
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Good interviewing
Interviews: remember camera point of view (objective, subjective, presentational)
Formats -- scripted, semi-scripted, ad-lib. Information, personality, opinion Types of questions -- primary & follow-
up; open-ended and closed-ended. Principles of Interviewing -- Q&A in
production vs. interviewing for sound bites
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Talking Heads
Why is this a dominant content item in many visual production?
How do we keep it from becoming negative, static, boring?
What production issues are there vs. quality of content issues? How do we shoot interviews?