1045_ramasami decade of innovations

8/7/2019 1045_Ramasami Decade of Innovations

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Indian Science and

Technology

In the Decade of Innovations

T.Ramasami, Secretary, DST


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IndiaIn 2009

Poised for transformational change

Registering robust GDP growth in difficult times

Indian youth demonstrate growth aspirationsNeeds investments into Demographic dividend

Education and Skill development receive priority

Large number of new institutions established

Science and Technology enter the main stage indevelopment process

Decade of Innovations is the stated agenda


3/36

Changing Mindsets:Indian

social contextsAncient civilizations have come to accept that

Science in its wider definition should stem beyondunderstanding and discovery processes and include also

applications for solving social problemsIndia is coming to terms with the inclusion of

discovery, technology and innovation as part of her

science establishment.

Driving factors of modern science demand multiplestrategies

Discovery Science is scholarship driven Solution science is market and society driven Innovation is competition driven


4/36

ChangingContextsofSocial

challengesofIndia

Between 1950-90 era

Economic realities; Foodshortage; Wide spread

poverty; Social

inequities; Low rates ofemployment; Weak

export trade and lack of

technology culture; Weak

industrial enterprise

Science deliveredsolutions for food and

milk shortages,

technology denials and

enabled self reliance

Between 1990-2030 era

Energy-, Environment-,water- and inland-

security, affordable

human health care,climate change are social

challenges seeking

science derived solutions

Competitive and worldeconomy and trade

impact the fundamentalsof scientific solutions

Flow of Solution scienceis global and wide

reaching


5/36

Current Focus of Indian

Science and Technology

Preparing for an India of 2030

Challenge of Indian Science,

Technology and Innovationsystem


6/36

AnatomyofIndian Science, Technology

andInnovationsystemineight parts

R&D in NGO

groups

R&D by MNCs

Industrial R&D

systems Mission modeNon strategic R&D

Bodies

CSIR

Academic/

Sector

Focused on

education

Government

Funding

& developmental

agencies

Mission mode

StrategicAgencies

DAE,DOS,

DRDO

Indian STI

system

Socio economic

Ministries as users

ofS&T outputs

Some what thinly spread but rooted in all dimensions ofSTI system


7/36

Current Statusofeight-part

Indian STIsystem

1. Mission mode Agencies Focused on self reliance, under transition in the era of

techno-globalism

2. Government Agencies

Focused on the balancing in the art of funding anddevelopmental roles in scholarship focused science, marketdriven technology and competition linked innovationsystem

3. Academic sector

Challenged by need to expand many fold without dilutionsof excellence and loss of focus on research4. Socio economic ministries seeking solutions from

science Challenged by mis-matched rates of scientific development

and societal absorption of global solutions


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Current StatusofIndian STI

system

5. Mission mode R&D in non strategic sector Transition from command economy models to dynamic

global competition in a weak technology demandstatus

6. Industrial R&D systems Lower levels of private sector investment into R&D and

challenges of enhancing value addition to rawmaterials through innovation driven manufacturing

7. R&D by MNCs Taking advantage of low expertise costs for IPgeneration for global use

8. R&D by NGOs Sustaining high manpower costs and R&D

infrastructure in a largely public funded R&D landscape


9/36

Q1:What is Relative Positionof India inthe world of

Science?

Q2: Could we quantify and enhance

the share of Indian science and

technology in the share ofeconomic growth?


10/36

GERD Vs SCI papers correlationsin World

ofScience

0

0

00

0

200

2 0

300

3 0

400

0 00 200 300

SCI paper

U

SAJAPan

GE

rmsny

UK

China

India

Investments in R&D in US $ billion per year

SCIpapersinthousands

USA, Germany,UK, Japan,China, France,Canada, Italy,Holland,

Australia, Korea,Russia and India

Line of maximum slope

A feasible near term

target for India


11/36

GERD Vs SCI PapersCorrelationsin World

ofScience

0

0

20

30

40

0

60

70

80

90

0 0 00 0

SCI paper

India

Investments in R&D in US $ billion per year in

2003

SCIpa

persinth

ousands

Japan, China,

Korea, India

Line of maximum slope

Korea

China

Japan

Dollar

productivity inIndia is high; butquantum is low.


12/36

Decisions were madetotriplethe investments into

S&T

For the period 2007-2012

relative to 2002-07


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Good news is that citation frequency has

doubled during the last few years

Slope change is morethan five times

Scopus data base

Science, 1 May

2009

Indias performance at Scientific Publication

front

India

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India


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Patents Filed (Number)

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-01

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-08

Patents Filed

(Number)

0

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6 0 0 0

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-08

Patenting trends in India

P a t e n t s gr a n t e d


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Indianfutureopportunitiesin comparisonto

otherdeveloped & emergingnations

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Canada

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Spain

India

Basedondifferential growth rates ofpublications,Indian rankcangraduallyimprove

from the current10th to,9th,8th,5th positions in2010,2013,2015, respectivelyif all

growth parameters are maintained as such

0

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korea

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China


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ComparisonsofPhDoutputs

0

2000

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6000

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10000

12000

14000

16000

85

89

93

97 1 3 5

ChinaIndia

Japan

Korea

Lessons from China:6-7years afterPhDoutputs yieldpublicationoutcome.

Indiamay need toincreasePhDoutputs tosay 10,000within4years


17/36

PhDvs publicationsonetoone

correspondance

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

0 5000 10000 15000 20000

Series1

Chi na

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45000

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Series1

India


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Higherresource investments

Have started yielding some initial results forthe country.

Expansion of the R&D base is essential togain global competitiveness

Increase in PhD output with matchingincrease in absorption capacity in STI systemis the way forward

Increase PhD outputs to say 10,000 per yearwithin four years is planned?


19/36

Innovation in ScientificPursuit for Inspired Research(INSPIRE)

announced by the Prime Minister on 3

rd

January2008 and launched on 13th December, 2008

Focused on developing a S&T landscape

Nourishing the root of scholarship driven science


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A COMPREHENSIVE EFFORT FOR ATTRACTION OF TALENT TO

SCIENCE INSPIRE -SCHEME LAUNCHED ON 13 DECEMBER 08

INSPIREAWARDEES

2 LAKHS/YR

CLASS VI-X

INSPIRE INTERNS

~50,000

SUMMER CAMPS100

Locations; class XI

SHE SCHOLARS

10,000/YR

BSc/MSc

INSPIRE FELLOWS1000/YR

PhD

INSPIRE FACULTY

1000/YRPOSTDOCTORAL

NET/ GATEETC

UNIVERSITY

RANK 25: 5

PROJECT

BASED PEER

SELECTION

2 YRSDURING XI

PLAN

JEE/AIEEE/ exam

based criteria etcTop 1% criteria

25: 5

Based on international and national

peer reviewing system similar to

the one adopted by IISc and

centers of higher learning

Effort will be made to cover all 4 lakh schools with at least

2 students during the five year implementation

Effort to cover alltop1% at class X

Effort to

attract STIOs

PPP EFFORT FOR

APPLIEDAREASPROGRAMME

ANNOUNCED BY

PRIME MINISTER

IN 95TH

CONGRESS ON 3rdJAN 07 AND

LAUNCHED ON

13 DECEMBER 08


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Science, Technology andInnovation System of

India

Selecting S&T output

indicators


22/36

Science, TechnologyandInnovationoutput

indicators:Emergingglobalscenario

Science is scholarship driven

Indicators of competitive performance Number of SCI publications, Impact factors of journals,

citations, H and M-indices, Number in top 1% of impact

journals, global recognitions, patents, IPR gained andcommercialized, royalty accrued

Technology is market driven

Indicators of competitive performance Percentage share of technology in GDP growth rates and

export trade, Percentage share of industrial investment intoR&D, technology solutions for basic needs

Innovation is competition driven

Indicators of competitive performance Quantitative tools for competitive innovation indices have

emerged


23/36

Sector Indias relative position

Scholarship

driven

science

Good return for dollar and people invested. Relative

position does not match talent pool on account of low

investments and poor absorption capacity. Comparative

position is improvingMarket

driven

Technology

Value addition to Indian raw materials through

technology in competitive trade is lower than optimum.

Stronger coupling between technology and trade is

desired

Competition

driven

innovation

Innovation eco system is relatively weak on account of

mismatch of development and absorption and poor risk

bearing capacity in the manufacturing systems.

Innovation ecosystem needs re-designing


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Global norms forMeasurementsand Assessment of Scientific

Outputs

ForTransparency and

Accountability to the country


25/36

AnIllustrationofevidencebaseddecisionforS&T

interventioninnationbuilding

Potential: Turn over of trade; Balance of trade, etc

S&T

Performance

IFagg;

IPR growth

Ability to add

values to RMthroughtechnology

Technologystrength

Trade advantages

Area forPlanned S&TInterventions

Drug and Pharma, biotech, Telecom, Automotive, textile, IT sectors


26/36

SOCIALCONTRACT OF

SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY

In Nation Building: Food, nutrition, energy,water, environmental, health security

Making innovations affordable and

accessible to many by breaking new pathsto innovation

Balancing between discovery and solution science priorities

are under discussion


27/36

GlobalSolutionsforWaterchallenges:

DirectiveoftheSupremeCourt

Selecting 25 water relatedchallenges

Selecting and locating sitesfor different challenges

Tender for solution providersfor 10,000 people

Select solution providers andtask them prove technologies

Study solutions for viabilityScale solutions for 100,000

people in the same river basin

Study site neutrality by testingSolutions in other sites

Transfer the successful solutionsTo the Water ResourcesMinistry for replication

Build synergies with line ministries withfunds and reach from the very beginning


28/36

FourpartApproachto

Innovations

New Millennium IndianTechnology LeadershipInitiative PPP model for global

referencing

Venture fund support system Technology Development

Board equity participationmodel

Grass Root Innovation National Innovation Foundation

involving 2,50,000 grass rootinnovators

National Innovation Project For global bench marking and

alliances

Cotton

Stripper from

grass root

innovation

Health care

productsfrom formal

innovation

system


29/36

InvestingintoInnovations:Indias

lessons

Inherent creativity and

Capacity to Innovate

Innovation as side product

of personal passions largelySupported by pubic funds

Innovation infrastructure

Through planned and

Strategic interventions

Public-Private Partnerships

Innovation for global competition for

High growth economies with large

Social security system and high

per capita nations

Private sector driven and public

sector facilitation

Integrated infrastructure for people

Centric innovation landscape toInclude the excluded through techno

Social innovations that serve the

Needs of 4 billion global citizens

Passion driven pursuit Purpose driven pursuit

Competition driven pursuitPeople centric pursuit


30/36

Designing Science,Technology and Innovation

ecosystem

To meet the challenges of faster and moreinclusive growth by balancing between

Open Source and Competitive innovations


31/36

IndianSTIsystemis currently

engagedin

A well debated National Science, Technology andInnovation policy

Sustained attraction of talent to study of science andcareers with research

Right sizing of Science, Technology and InnovationsystemPolicies to promote larger engagement of privatesector in research, development and assimilation oftechnologies and innovations

Optimally designed national Innovation eco system

with risk capital for the industry to venture into leapfrog innovations

Alignment of R&D systems to address globalcompetitiveness and solution science to solvesocially relevant problems including adverse effectsof global climate change


32/36

India is a happening

country today. Youngtalented Indians, millions

in numbers, aspire to

scale new heights. India

2030 could reap thebenefits of Decade of

Innovations


33/36

What Indiaset aboutto doin Science and

Technologysector

Towards an era of

transformational change

2007-2012


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Eleventh planS&T (2007-12)

agenda

Setting up National -level Mechanism for providing

directions to basic Research

New Bill passed

Enlarging pool of scientific manpower

Several initiatives mounted

Attraction and retaining young people in careers in

science

New programme launched

National Flagship programmes for technologicalcompetitiveness on a Mission mode

Mission mode S&T mounted

Establishing globally competitive Research Facilities

Investments enlarged


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Eleventh planS&T (2007-12)

agenda

Innovative spirit to translate R&D leads in scalebleInnovative spirit to translate R&D leads in scaleble

technologiestechnologies

Innovation law, national Innovation fund proposedInnovation law, national Innovation fund proposed

Developing new models of PPP in higher education,Developing new models of PPP in higher education,particularly in universities and high technology areasparticularly in universities and high technology areas

An active area ofcurrent actionAn active area ofcurrent action

New means ofcatalyzing industryNew means ofcatalyzing industry--academy collaborationsacademy collaborations

Some new translational models under implementationSome new translational models under implementationPromoting strong linkages with advanced countriesPromoting strong linkages with advanced countries

including participation in mega scienceincluding participation in mega science

International S&Tcooperation scaled up many foldInternational S&Tcooperation scaled up many fold


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CouplingbetweenEMRfunding

and publicationoutputsofIndia

0

100

200

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600

1995 2000 2005 2010

P K

SERC f c

Fund deployment trends

in EMR

1045_ramasami decade of innovations

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