1095-1272

The Crusades

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Background600s – Muslims take control of PalestineChristians & Jews allowed to practice own

religionThis changes during the Middle Ages

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CausesLate 1000s – Seljuk Turks take control of

PalestineMuslims push West to Byzantine EmpirePope Urban II calls for “Holy War”

(Crusades)+10,000 Europeans respond

Save their soulsKnights – Gain land & wealthMerchants – Make moneyLove of adventure & promise of reward

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First Crusade1096-1099Armies meet difficulties on march to

PalestineHeat – Wool & Leather GarmentsHeavy ArmorLacked Food & Water

Captured Antioch – Continue march to Jerusalem

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First CrusadeCrusaders capture JerusalemTerrible massacre – Muslim & Jewish

inhabitants slaughteredResults

Holy Land under European controlEuropean culture introduced (Feudalism)Trade began between Europe & Holy LandChristians & Muslims respect each other

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Other Major CrusadesEuropeans held land for 100 yearsTurks slowly take land backEuropeans try to prevent this in 3 more

Crusades

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Second Crusade1146 – Turks begin taking back land1147 – Crusade beginsLouie VII (France) & Conrad III (Germany)

Join forces at Damascus1149 – Fail, return to Europe disgraced

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Third Crusade1187 – Saladin (Muslim) capture Jerusalem3 Leaders of Crusade

Emperor Frederick Barbarossa (Rome)King Phillip II (France)King Richard I (England)

1189-1192Barbarossa drownedPhillip & Richard argueRichard reaches truce with Saladin

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Fourth Crusade1202 – Pope Innocent III sends French

KnightsCrusaders attack multiple Christian cities

Zadar & ConstantinopleAttackers later excommunicated

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ResultsBrought about Changes in Europe

Weapons & Warfare – Crossbow, Undermine Walls, Catapults, Gunpowder

Political – Ended FeudalismNobles – Died or Sold land to finance Crusades –

Now powerlessKings’ power grew

Christian Church more powerful

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ResultsIdeas & Trade

Ideas from…Other Crusaders, Byzantines, Muslims

These ideas spread through EuropeItalian cities became trade centersShips returned with many new foods

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Lasting EffectsIs there still conflict in the area?Who controls the “Holy Land” now?Have the groups involved learned to live

peacefully?http://www.google.com/#q=israel&safe=ac

tive&tbm=nws

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Essential QuestionsHow did The Crusades contribute to the

end of the Middle Ages?How would the world be different today if

The Crusades never happened?

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