10..s free state
DESCRIPTION
Free State Dominion Economy during 1920s Eucharistic congressTRANSCRIPT
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Free State
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Treaty ElectionParty Leader Seats VotesSinn Féin (Pro-Treaty) Collins 58 239,193
Sinn Féin (Anti-Treaty) De Valera 36 133,864Farmers 7
247,226Labour 16Other 11
Senate elected and appointed members includes:Yeats, “Buck Mulligan,” Ellen Cuffe (first Jewish member)
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Constitution of 1922
• Universal suffrage over age 21• Governor general - Irish• Power of referendum– on demand of 40% of Dáil– Initiate laws and amendments
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Women in Government
• Nine in the Dáil (125)• Five in the Seanad (60)• Constance Markievicz, Minister of Labour
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Cumann na nGaedhael
• Pro-treaty• Balanced budget• Free trade
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Boundary Commission
• Comes out of 1922 Collins-Craig agreement
• 1925 Commission only recommends minor transfers which are ratified
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Boundary Dispute – Lough Foyle
• Fishing rights• Use as an escort base during WW II• Still disputed
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Free State
• William T. Cosgrave, President of the Executive Council (1922-1932)
• 1923 Joins League of Nations– Diplomatic relations
independent of UK
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1923 Election
Party Leader Seats % First Preference
VotesCumann na nGaedheal Cosgrave 63 39.0
Republican (Sinn Féin) De Valera 44 27.4Farmers 15 12.1Labour 14 10.6Other 17
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Accomplishments
• Civil Service System• Reform of local governments – City and
County managers• Shannon Scheme & National Grid• Dairy Disposal Company: The Irish Sugar
Company; the Agricultural Credit Corporation; the Medical Registration Council; Dental Board; and Veterinary Council.
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Almost Balanced Budget
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Dairy Disposal Company
• Semi-public company• Replace bankrupt
Condensed Milk Company
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Shannon Scheme
• Hydroelectric power• Cost £5.2m out of
budget of £25• Built by Siemens
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Economic Changes – N. Ireland
Linen Industry• Short skirts; decline of petticoat • Eating out; placemats when eating in • Metal aircraft
Shipbuilding • Surplus war vessels • Overseas competitors
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1927 Elections
• Narrow pluralities for Cumann na nGaedheal required Cosgrave to depend on coalitions
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June 1927 Election
Party Leader Seats % First Preference
VotesCumann na nGaedheal Cosgrave 46 27.4
Fianna Fáil De Valera 44 26.2Farmers 11 8.9Labour 22 12.6Other 30 24.9
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September 1927
Party Leader Seats % First Preference
VotesCumann na nGaedheal Cosgrave 61 38.6
Fianna Fáil De Valera 57 35.2Farmers 6 6.4Labour 13 9.1Other 16 10.7
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Christian Art
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1932 Eucharistic Congress
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Protestant Minorities in the Free State Church of
IrelandPresbyterian Methodist
1921
249,535 45,489 16,440
1926
164,215 32,429 10,663
1936
All protestants 208,000
Projection – No Protestants by ~2040
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Irish Academy of Letters
• Founded 1932 by Yeats• Edith Somerville, George Bernard Shaw • New short story writers: Seán Ó Faoláin, Liam
O’Flaherty and Frank O’Connor• Poets: Austin Clarke, F. R. Higgins, Padraic
Colum, Seamus O’Sullivan• Playwrights: Lennox Robinson, T. C. Murray,
and Sir John Ervine
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Jack Yeats - 1923
In the Tram Liffey Swim
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Jack Yeats
A Race in Hy-Brazil, 1937 Two Travellers, 1942
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Emigration
US/Canada Elsewhere1926-31 18,800/year 3,900/year1932-9 700/year 14,200/year
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1931 Statute of Westminster
• Gave independent legislative powers to dominions (S. Africa, Canada, Newfoundland, Australia, New Zealand and Ireland)
• Gave dominions a vote on changes in laws on Succession