10y1: topic 4: natural selection and genetic modification session focus: genetic ... · 2020. 4....
TRANSCRIPT
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10y1 Biology Work: Week 3
10Y1: Topic 4: Natural selection and genetic modification
Session Focus: genetic engineering recap and revision lesson
Time to spend on activities: 2 hoursAny questions or problems e-mail: [email protected]
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Task 1: Genetic engineering DefinitionCopy and complete this into your exercise books
Genetic engineering involves __________ the DNA of one organism (it’s genome) by ___________ genes from another. This creates genetically __________ organisms (GMOs) The process is much _________ than artificial selection but it is more _________.
Word bank: inserting, faster, changing, modified, expensive
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Task 2: Watch these Video links – genetic engineering explained
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gu9T91GJXDo
Are genetically modified organisms good or bad?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7TmcXYp8xu4
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Task 3: read below to see the process of genetic engineering1. Choose a gene you want
2. Use a restriction enzyme to make a staggered cut in the DNA “sticky ends” to cut out the gene you want
3. Use the same restriction enzyme to cut a plasmid exposing the same “sticky ends”
4. Mix the open plasmids and the sections of genes – the complementary bases will pair up
5. A ligase enzyme will be used to join the ends together
6. Plasmids are then inserted back into bacteria which are grown in huge tanks
Key word: vector – a DNA molecule that is used to carry new DNA into another cell
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Task 4: write and draw a flow chart in your exercise books to describe genetic engineering. Use the flow chart below to help you…..
1. Choose a gene you want
2. Use a restriction enzyme to make a staggered cut in the DNA “sticky ends” to cut out the gene you want
3. Use the same restriction enzyme to cut a plasmid exposing the same “sticky ends”
4. Mix the open plasmids and the sections of genes – the complementary bases will pair up
5. A ligase enzyme will be used to join the ends together
6. Plasmids are then inserted back into bacteria which are grown in huge tanks
Key word: vector – a DNA molecule that is used to carry new DNA into another cell
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Task 5: The important enzymes in genetic engineeringCopy and complete this table in your exercise book to describe what the key enzymes are responsible for in genetic engineering….
Name of enzyme Role it plays in genetic engineering
Restriction enzyme
Ligase enzyme
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Task 5: The important enzymes in genetic engineeringThe answers
Name of enzyme Role it plays in genetic engineering
Restriction enzyme Cuts the desired gene out Cuts the plasmidCauses sticky ends
Ligase enzyme Joins the desired gene to the plasmid
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Task 6: Draw this table into your books to show the benefits and risks of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) use the statements on the next page to fill in the table
Benefits Risks
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Insulin produced can be used be vegans and people who don’t eat pork or beef products (as insulin is usually extracted from pigs or cows)
GM bacteria can produce insulin used to treat type 1 diabetes
Less herbicide is used
Crops will be resistant to herbicides, so the weeds will be killed and not the crops
Crops will be Resistant to insecticides
Seeds for GMOs are expensive
Some people think that GM crops will reproduce with wild plant varieties and pass on their resistant genes
The genes may have unknown consequences in the wild
Some people think that GMOs are bad for health
Insulin produced can not be used by all diabetics because it isn’t the same as insulin used from mammals
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Answers: Benefits and risks of GMO
Benefits Risks
Crops will be Resistant to insecticides Seeds for GMOs are expensive
Crops will be resistant to herbicides, so the weeds will be killed and not the crops
Some people think that GM crops will reproduce with wild plant varieties and pass on their resistant genes
Less herbicide is used The genes may have unknown consequences in the wild
GM bacteria can produce insulin used to treat type 1 diabetes
Some people think that GMOs are bad for health
Insulin produced can be used be vegans and people who don’t eat pork or beef products (as insulin is usually extracted from pigs or cows)
Insulin produced can not be used by all diabetics because it isn’t the same as insulin used from mammals
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Task 7: read the next 5 slides and complete this table with the information on the slidesGM Advantages Disadvantages
Genetically modified insulin
Genetically modified golden rice
Genetically modified herbicide resistant crops
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Advantages of Beta carotene in golden rice
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Disadvantages of Beta carotene in golden rice
What are the disadvantages
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Advantages of GM Insulin
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Disadvantages of GM Insulin
Suggest: why some people may be prevented
from using insulin obtained from cattle and pigs
for religious reasons
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Advantages and disadvantages of herbicide resistant GM crops
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Task 7: your table should now be complete
GM Advantages Disadvantages
Genetically modified insulin
Genetically modified golden rice
Genetically modified herbicide resistant crops
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Task 8: complete the revision mat on the next slide to help you revise chapter 4
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Key word Definition
Ligase
Restriction enzyme
Sticky end
Genetic engineering
Selective breeding
Explain how to insert the human insulin gene into a bacteria using ligase
and restriction enzymes
What are the advantages and disadvantages of selective breeding including
ethical issues?Explain, using Darwin's theory of evolution how the giraffe
evolved from a common ancestor to the horse.
How do the emergence of bacteria resistant to heavy
metals in polluted areas support Darwin’s theory of
evolution?
Describe the changes in structure during human evolution.
How do stone tools help us to identify the age of fossils?
What other methods can be used to date fossils?
What is the difference between the 5 kingdom classification method and the three domain structure?
How do you selectively breed a cow to produce lots of meat and a maize plant to tolerate drought conditions?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of genetic
engineering including ethical issues?
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Task 9: Use the specification tick sheet to help you to revise for chapter 4. The tick sheet are on the next slides.
I will set exam questions on chapter 4 for next weeks task
Produce a revision mind map or make flash cards to help you revise
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Extension work – Complete some revision activities on Seneca:
Decide whether you want to complete the higher revision questions or the foundation revision questions. You can do both if you wish.
Room code: