11 chapter 5

130

CHAPTER V

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

5.1 INTRODUCTION

In this chapter an attempt has been made to identify the perception level of the

employees working in paper industry and their level of stress in the study area. For

this purpose, a field survey method was employed to collect the first-hand

information from 1052 sample respondents (TNPL-580 and SPB-472). The

respondents have been chosen randomly from the different sections of the selected

paper industries.

The data thus collected were arranged a simple tabular form. The level of

perception and their stress level of the selected respondents working in paper

industries was considered as a dependent variable. The Independent variables selected

for the study were Age, Sex, Educational qualification, Designation, Department,

Salary, Marital status, Number of dependents, Family system, Year of experience,

Working company and Working time.

The data were analyzed by using simple statistical tools like Percentage,

Average, Range, Standard Deviation, Two-way tables and Chi-Square test and Anova

test. In addition to these tests, Multiple Regression, Multi-Discriminant analysis and

Factor analysis were used appropriately. Henry Garrett Ranking Technique was also

used to find out the ranking position to know the different causes of stress among the

employees.

131

This chapter was divided into seven sections, for ease of analysis and

understanding. The seven sections of this chapter are as follows :

I. Chi-Square Test

II. Anova Test

III. Percentage Analysis

IV. Henry Garrett Ranking Technique

V. Multiple Regression Analysis

VI. Discriminant Function Analysis and

VII. Factor Analysis

5.2. LEVEL OF PERCEPTION AMONG EMPLOYEES

TOWARDS JOB AND THEIR LIFE : CHI-SQUARE TEST

The level of perception among the employees of paper industries was

measured based on their opinion on perception against their perception in job and in

their life. The respondents opinion were measured based on scale and scoring

technique. Likerts five points scaling was employed and the employees level of

perception was classified as low (below 90 points), medium (90-110 points) and high

(111-140 points) based on mean (100) and standard deviation (10.1).

132

TABLE NO. 5.1

LEVEL OF PERCEPTION AMONG EMPLOYEES TOWARDS

JOB AND THEIR LIFE

S.

No.

Category No. of

Respondents

Percentage

(%)

1.

Low (below 90)

170

16.1

2.

Medium (90-110)

307

29.2

3.

High (111-140)

575

54.7

Total

1052

100.0

It is observed from the above table that 16.1 percent of the respondents were

expressed their level of perception at the low level. It is followed by 29.2 percent of

the respondents were expressed as medium level of perception and 54.7 percent of the

respondents were expressed their perception level as high. The two-way analysis was

prepared based on these three strata for data analysis and through this method chi-

square test was employed to test the relationship between the selected independent

variables and dependent variable.

133

AGE AND LEVEL OF PERCEPTION TOWARDS JOB

Age is an important factor to ascertain the level of perception towards job in paper

industries. For the purpose of the study, age was studied under four classification viz.,

below 25 years, 25-35 years, 36-45 years and above 45 years. The sample consists of 270

(25.7%) respondents belonged to below 25 years age group, 284 (27.0%) respondents

were between 25 and 35 years age group, 304 (28.9%) respondents were between 36 and

45 years and age group. On the other hand, 194 (18.4%) respondents belonged to above

45 years age group.

The distribution of sample respondents according to the age of the respondents

and their level of perception towards job in paper industries are shown in the following

table.

TABLE NO. 5.2


S.

No.

Age No. of

Respondents

% Ave

rage

Range S.D

Min Max

1 Below 25 yrs. 270 25.7 92.7 47.0 129.0 9.2

2 25-35 yrs. 284 27.0 92.9 71.0 126.0 9.7

3 36-45 yrs. 304 28.9 92.8 67.0 128.0 9.6

4 Above 45 yrs. 194 18.4 92.6 74.0 131.0 9.0

Total 1052 100.0

It is observed from the above table that the level of perception towards job in

paper industries perceived by the respondents belong to the age group of below 25 years

ranged between 47 and 129 with an average of 92.7. The respondents with the age group

between 25 and 35 years revealed their level of perception towards job in paper industries

134

ranged between 71 and 126 with an average of 92.9. The level of perception towards job

in paper industries perceived by the respondents between 36 and 45 years age group

ranged between 67 and 128 with an average of 92.8. Finally, the level of perception

towards job in paper industries perceived by the respondents of above 45 years age group

ranged between 74 and 131 with an average of 92.6. From the analysis, it is inferred that

the maximum level of perception was among the age group between 25 and 35 years

towards their job.

With a view to find the degree of association between age of the respondents and

the level of perception towards job in paper industries, a two-way table is prepared and

depicted in the following table.

TABLE NO. 5.3


(TWO-WAY TABLE)

S.No.

Age Level of Perception towards job

Total Low Medium High

1

Below 25 yrs. 40

(14.8%) 74

(27.4%) 156

(57.8%)

270

2

25-35 yrs. 60

(21.1%) 68

(23.9%) 156

(54.9%)

284

3

36-45 yrs. 37

(12.2%) 106

(34.9%) 161

(53.0%)

304

4

Above 45 yrs. 33

(17.0%) 59

(30.4%) 102

(52.6%)

194

Total 170 307 575 1052

It is found from the above table that the percentage of high level of perception

towards job in paper industries was the highest (57.8) among the respondents of below 25

years age group and the same was the lowest (52.6) among the respondents of above 45

years group. The percentage of medium level of perception towards job in paper

135

industries was the highest (34.9) among the respondents between 36 and 45 years of age

group and the same was the lowest (23.9%) among the respondents between 25 and 35

years age group. The percentage of low level of perception towards job in paper

industries was the highest (21.1) among the respondents between 25 and 35 of age group

and the same was the lowest (12.2%) among the respondents between 36 and 45 years

age group.

In order to find the relationship between the age of the respondents and level of

perception towards job in paper industries, the following null hypothesis was framed and

tested with the help of Chi-square test and the result is shown in the following table.

H0 : There is no significant relationship between age of the respondents and

level of perception towards job in paper industries.

H1 : There is a significant relationship between age of the respondents and


TABLE NO. 5.4


(CHI-SQUARE TEST)

Factor Calculated

2

Value

Table Value

D.F

Remarks

Age

14.947

12.592

6 Significant at 5%

level

It is evident from the above table that the calculated chi-square value is greater

than the table value and the result is significant at 5% level. Hence, the hypothesis, Age

of the respondents and the level of perception towards job in paper industries are not

associated does not hold good. From the analysis, it is found that there is a close

136

relationship between the age of the respondents and their level of perception towards job

in paper industries.

GENDER AND LEVEL OF PERCEPTION TOWARDS JOB

Genderwise discrimination is not practiced much in India. However, the level of

perception differs according to masculine and feminine gender. For the purpose of this

study, gender has been classified into two strata viz., male and female. The sample

consists of 877 (83.4%) respondents belonging to male category and 175 (16.6%)

respondents belonging to female category.

The distribution of sample respondents according to the gender and their level of

perception towards job in paper industries are shown in the following table.

TABLE NO. 5.5


S.

No.

Gender No. of

Respondents

% Ave

rage

Range S.D

Min Max

1 Male 877 83.4 92.8 47.0 131.0 9.7

2 Female 175 16.6 92.4 75.0 123.0 8.1

Total 1052 100.0

It is inferred from the above table that the level of perception towards job in paper

industries by the male respondents ranged between 47 and 131 with an average of 92.8

and the level of perception of the female respondents ranged between 75 and 123 with an

average of 92.4. From the above analysis it concluded that the maximum level of

perception towards job in paper industries was perceived by the male respondents.

137

With a view to find the degree of association, gender of the respondents and their

level of perception towards job in paper industries, a two-way table was prepared and it is

shown in the following table.

TABLE NO. 5.6


(TWO-WAY TABLE)

S. No.

Gender Level of Perception towards job


1

Male 133

(15.2%)

248

(28.3%)

496

(56.6%)

877

2

Female 37

(21.1%) 59

(33.7%) 79

(45.1%)

175

Total 170 307 575 1052

It is found from the above table that the percentage of high level of perception

towards job in paper industries was the highest (56.6) among the male respondents and

the same was the lowest (45.1) among the female respondents. The percentage of

medium level of perception towards job in paper industries was the highest (33.7) among

the female respondents and the same was the lowest (28.3) among the male respondents.

The percentage of low level of perception towards job in paper industries was the highest

(21.1) among the female respondents and the same was the lowest (15.2) among the male

respondents.

In order to find the relationship between the gender of the respondents and level

of perception towards job in paper industries, the following hypothesis was framed and

tested with the help of Chi-square test and the result is shown in the following table.

138

H0 : There is no significant relationship between gender and level of perception

towards job in paper industries.

H1 : There is a significant relationship between gender and level of perception


TABLE NO. 5.7


(CHI-SQUARE TEST)

Factor Calculated

2

Value

Table Value

D.F

Remarks

Gender

8.180

5.991

2 Significant at 5%

level

It is divulged from the above table that the calculated chi-square value is greater

than the table value and the result is significant at 5% level. Hence, the hypothesis,

Gender of the respondents and the level of perception towards job in paper industries are

not associated does not hold good. From the analysis, it is found that there is a close

relationship between the gender of the respondents and their level of perception towards

job in paper industries.

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION AND LEVEL OF PERCEPTION TOWARDS

JOB

Education shapes the personality and sharpens the mind of an individual.

According to their qualification, the level perception towards job in paper industry has

fluctuated. For the purpose of the study, the education has been classified into four

categories namely school level, ITI & diploma, graduate level and professional education.

The sample consists 340 (32.3%) respondents having done their school level education,

273 (26.0%) having dont their ITI & diploma level education, 185 (17.6%) having done

139

their graduate level education and 254 (24.1%) having done their professional level

education.

The distribution of sample respondents according to the educational qualification

of the respondents and their level of perception towards job in paper industries are shown

in the following table.

TABLE NO. 5.8


JOB

S.

No.

Educational

Qualification

No. of

Respondents

% Ave

rage

Range S.D

Min Max

1 School level 340 32.3 92.6 67.0 129.0 8.8

2 ITI & Diploma 273 26.0 92.5 68.0 128.0 9.0

3 Graduation 185 17.6 92.0 74.0 120.0 9.7

4 Professional 254 24.1 93.7 47.0 131.0 10.5

Total 1052 100.0

It could be discerned from the above table that the level of perception towards job

in paper industries at school level respondents ranged between 67 and 129 with an

average of 92.6. It could be analysed that the level of satisfaction revealed by the

respondents of ITI & Graduate level ranged between 68 and 128 with an average of 92.5.

The level of perception towards job in paper industries at graduate level ranged between

74 and 120 with an average of 92.0. On the other hand, the level of perception towards

job in paper industries among professionals ranged between 47 and 131 with an average

of 93.7. From the analysis it is identified that maximum level of perception towards job

in paper industries at SPB and TNPL was attained by the professional level category

respondents.

140

With a view to find out the degree of association of educational qualification of

the respondents and level of perception towards job in paper industries, a two-way table

was prepared and it is shown in the following table.

TABLE NO. 5.9

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION AND LEVEL OF

PERCEPTION TOWARDS JOB (TWO-WAY TABLE)

S.No. Educational

Qualification

Level of Perception towards job Total

Low Medium High

1

School level 52

(15.3%) 107

(31.5%) 181

(53.2%)

340

2

ITI & Diploma 37

(13.6%) 86

(31.5%) 150

(54.9%)

273

3

Graduate 48

(25.9%) 46

(24.9%) 91

(49.2%)

185

4

Professional 33

(13.0%) 68

(26.8%) 153

(60.2%)

254

Other 170 307 575 1052

It is determined from the above table that the percentage of high level of

perception towards job in paper industries was the highest (60.2) among the respondents

of professionals and the same was the lowest (49.2) among the respondents of graduate.

The percentage of medium level of perception towards job in paper industries was the

highest (31.5) among the respondents of school level and ITI& Diploma and the same

was the lowest (24.9) among the respondents of graduate. The percentage of low level of


of graduate and the same was the lowest (13.0) among the respondents of professionals.

In order to find the relationship between the educational qualification of the

respondents and their level of perception towards job in paper industries, the following

141

hypothesis was framed and tested with the help of Chi-square test and the result is shown

in the following table.

H0 : There is no significant relationship between educational qualification and

their level of perception towards job in paper industries.

H1 : There is a significant relationship between educational qualification and


TABLE NO. 5.10


JOB (CHI-SQUARE TEST)

Factor Calculated

2

Value

Table Value

D.F

Remarks

Educational

Qualification

19.236

12.592

6 Significant at 5%

level

It is examined from the above table that the calculated chi-square value is greater


Educational qualification of the respondents and the level of perception towards job in

paper industries are not associated does not hold good. From the analysis, it is found that

there is a close relationship between the educational qualification of the respondents and


142

DESIGNATION AND LEVEL OF PERCEPTION TOWARDS JOB

Designation plays a major role in paper industries. According to the designation,

the level of perception will differ. For the purpose of the study, the designation has been

classified into three categories namely manager, staff and worker. The sample consists of

250 (23.8%) respondents who are managers, 284 (27.0%) respondents who are staff and

518 (49.2%) respondents who are workers.

The distribution of sample respondents according to the designation and level of


TABLE NO. 5.11


S.No.

Designation No. of

Respondents

% Ave

rage

Range

S.D Min Max

1 Manager 250 23.8 92.1 71.0 129.0 9.1

2 Staff 284 27.0 93.2 67.0 128.0 9.5

3. Worker 518 49.2 92.8 47.0 131.0 9.5

Total 1052 100.0

It is surmised from the above table that the level of perception towards job in

paper industries of the manager ranged between 71 and 129 with an average of 92.1. The

level of perception among staff ranged between 67 and 128 with an average of 93.2.

Finally, the level of perception among workers ranged between 47 and 131 with an

average of 92.8. From the analysis it identified that maximum level of perception towards

job in paper industries was attained by the employer belonging to staff category.

143

With a view to find the degree of association, educational qualification of the

respondents and level of perception towards job in paper industries, a two-way table was

prepared and it is shown in the following table.

TABLE NO. 5.12

DESIGNATION AND LEVEL OF PERCEPTION TOWARDS JOB (TWO-WAY

TABLE)

S.No.

Designation Level of Perception towards job


1

Manager 54

(21.6%)

66

(26.4%)

130

(52.0%)

250

2

Staff 47

(16.5%) 78

(27.5%) 159

(56.0%)

284

3

Worker 69

(13.0%) 163

(31.5%) 286

(55.2%)

518

Total 170 307 575 1052

It is implied from the above table that the percentage of high level of perception

towards job in paper industries was the highest (56.0) among the respondents of staff and

the same was the lowest (52.0) among the respondents of manager. The percentage of


the respondents of worker and the same was the lowest (26.4) among the respondents of

manager. The percentage of low level of perception towards job in paper industries was

the highest (21.6) among the respondents of manager and the same was the lowest (13.0)

among the respondents of worker.

In order to find the relationship between the designation of the respondents and

their level of perception towards job in paper industries, the following hypothesis was

framed and tested with the help of Chi-square test and the result is shown in the following

table.

144

H0 : There is no significant relationship between designation and their level of

perception towards job in paper industries.

H1 : There is a significant relationship between designation and their level of


TABLE NO. 5.13


(CHI-SQUARE TEST)

Factor Calculated

2

Value

Table Value

D.F

Remarks

Designation

9.510

9.488

4 Significant at 5%

level

It is discerned from the above table that the calculated chi-square value is greater

than the table value and the result is significant at 5% level. Hence the hypothesis,

Designation of the respondents and the level of perception towards job in paper

industries are not associated does not hold good. From the analysis, it is found that there

is a close relationship between the designation of the respondents and their level of


DEPARTMENT AND LEVEL OF PERCEPTION TOWARDS JOB

Department is very essential in paper industry. The work was allotted to different

departments in the industry. Based on that, the level of perception varies among the

respondents in paper industries. For the purpose of this study, department has been

studied into four groups viz., administrative, marketing and production. The sample

consists of 292 (27.8%) respondents who are working in administrative department, 318

145

(30.2%) respondents who are working in marketing department and 442 (42.0%)

respondents who are working in production department.

The distribution of sample respondents according to the department and their

level of perception towards job in paper industries are shown in the following table.

TABLE NO. 5.14


S.No.

Department No. of

Respondents

% Ave

rage

Range S.D

Min Max

1 Administrative 292 27.8 94.0 71.0 129.0 9.7

2 Marketing 318 30.2 91.6 71.0 131.0 8.7

3. Production 442 42.0 92.7 47.0 123.0 9.7

Total 1052 100.0

It is witnessed from the above table that the level of perception towards job in

paper industries of the administrative department ranged between 71 and 129 with an

average of 94.0 and the level of perception of the marketing department ranged between

71 and 131 with an average of 91.6. Finally, the level of perception towards production

department ranged between 47 and 123 with an average of 92.7. From the analysis it is

identified that maximum level of perception towards job in paper industries was attained

by the administrative department.

With a view to find the degree of association, department and level of perception

towards job in paper industries, a two-way table was prepared and it is shown in the

following table.

146

TABLE NO. 5.15

DEPARTMENT AND LEVEL OF PERCEPTION TOWARDS JOB (TWO-WAY

TABLE)

S.No.

Department Level of Perception towards job


1

Administrative 40

(13.7%) 75

(25.7%) 177

(60.6%)

292

2

Marketing 64

(20.1%) 97

(30.5%) 157

(49.4%)

318

3

Production 66

(14.9%)

135

(30.5%)

241

(54.5%)

442

Total 170 307 575 1052

It is scrutinized from the above table that the percentage of high level of


of personnel department and the same was the lowest (49.4) towards marketing

department. The percentage of medium level of perception towards job in paper

industries was the highest (30.5) among the respondents of marketing and production

department and the same was the lowest (25.7) amongst the respondents of

administration department. The percentage of low level of perception towards job in

paper industries was the highest (20.1) among the respondents of marketing department

and the same was the lowest (13.7) amongst the respondents of administration

department.

In order to find the relationship between the department of the respondents and



table.

147

H0 : There is no significant relationship between department and their level of


H1 : There is a significant relationship between department and their level of


TABLE NO. 5.16


(CHI-SQUARE TEST)

Factor Calculated

2

Value

Table Value

D.F

Remarks

Department

9.821

9.488

4 Significant at 5%

level

It is extrapolated from the above table that the calculated chi-square value is

greater than the table value and the result is significant at 5% level. Hence, the

hypothesis, Department of the respondents and the level of perception towards job in


there is a close relationship between the department and level of perception towards job

in paper industries.

MONTHLY INCOME AND LEVEL OF SATISFACTION

Monthly income is very needful to run their family and to stand upon the society.

The level of perception towards job has varied according to their monthly income in

paper industry. For the purpose of this study, monthly income has been studied into four

groups viz., Below Rs.9000, between Rs.9000 and 12000, between 12000 and 15000 and

above Rs.15000. The sample consists 223 (21.2%) respondents who are earning Below

Rs.9000, 239 (22.7%) respondents earning between Rs.8001 and 12000, 280 (26.6%)

148

respondents earning Rs.12000 and 15000 and 310 (29.5%) respondents earning above

Rs.15000.

The distribution of sample respondents according to the monthly income and their

level of perception towards job in paper industries are shown in the following table.

TABLE NO. 5.17

MONTHLY INCOME AND LEVEL OF PERCEPTION TOWARDS JOB

S.

No.

Monthly Income No. of

Respondents

% Ave

rage

Range S.D

Min Max

1 Below Rs.9000 223 21.2 90.9 47.0 123.0 8.9

2 Rs.9001-12000 239 22.7 93.3 68.0 129.0 9.9

3. Rs.12001-15000 280 26.6 93.0 71.0 131.0 9.0

4. Above Rs.15000 310 29.5 93.4 67.0 126.0 9.7

Total 1052 100.0

It is highlighted from the above table that the level of perception towards job in

paper industries among the respondents of their monthly income of Below Rs.9000

ranged between 47 and 104 with an average of 90.9. The level of perception towards job

in paper industries among the respondents of their monthly income level of Rs.9001-

12000 ranged between 68 and 129 with an average of 93.3. The level of perception by

the respondents of their monthly income level of Rs.12001-15000 ranged between 71 and

131 with an average of 93.0. Finally the level of perception towards job in paper

industries of their monthly income of above Rs.15000 ranged between 67 and 126 with

an average of 93.3. From the analysis it identified that maximum level of perception

towards job in paper industries perceived by the respondents earning their monthly

income of above Rs.15000 in paper industries.

149

With a view to find the degree of association between the monthly income and

level of perception towards job in paper industries, a two-way table was prepared and it is

exhibited in the following table.

TABLE NO. 5.18

MONTHLY INCOME AND LEVEL OF PERCEPTION TOWARDS JOB (TWO-

WAY TABLE)

S.No.

Monthly Income Level of Perception towards job


1

Below Rs.9000 44

(19.7%)

82

(36.8%)

97

(43.5%)

223

2

Rs.9001-12000 39

(16.3%) 61

(25.5%) 139

(58.2%)

239

3

Rs.12001-15000 45

(16.1%) 72

(25.7%) 163

(58.2%)

280

4

Above Rs.15000 42

(13.5%) 92

(29.7%) 176

(56.8%)

310

Total 170 307 575 1052

It is corroborated from the above table that the percentage of high level of


of their monthly income of Rs.9001-12000 and also Rs.12001-15000 and the same was

the lowest (43.5) among the monthly income of Below Rs.9000. The percentage of


the respondents of their monthly income of Below Rs.9000 and the same was the lowest

(25.5) among the respondents of their monthly income of Rs.9001-12000. The percentage

of low level of perception towards job in paper industries was the highest (19.7) among

the respondents of their monthly income of Below Rs.9000 and the same was the lowest

(13.5) among the respondents of their monthly income of above Rs.15000.

150

In order to find the relationship between the monthly income of the respondents

and their level of perception towards job in paper industries, the following hypothesis

was framed and tested with the help of Chi-square test and the result is shown in the

following table.

H0 : There is no significant relationship between monthly income and their


H1 : There is a significant relationship between monthly income and their level

of perception towards job in paper industries.

TABLE NO. 5.19

MONTHLY INCOME AND LEVEL OF PERCEPTION TOWARDS JOB

(CHI-SQUARE TEST)

Factor Calculated

2

Value

Table Value

D.F

Remarks

Monthly

Income

16.270

12.592

6 Significant at 5%

level



hypothesis, monthly income of the respondents and the level of perception towards job

in paper industries are not associated does not hold good. From the analysis, it is found

that there is a close relationship between the monthly income and level of perception


MARITAL STATUS AND LEVEL OF SATISFACTION

It is an important factor to know about the married and unmarried respondents

level of perception towards job in paper industries. For the purpose of this study, marital

151

status has been studied under two categories namely married and unmarried. The sample

consists 304 (28.9%) unmarried respondents and 748 (71.1%) married category.

The distribution of sample respondents according to the marital status of the

respondents and their level of perception towards job in paper industries are shown in the

following table.

TABLE NO. 5.20

MARITAL STATUS AND LEVEL OF PERCEPTION TOWARDS JOB

S.

No.

Marital Status No. of

Respondents

% Ave

rage

Range S.D

Min Max

1 Married 304 28.9 92.3 68.0 126.0 8.9

2 Unmarried 748 71.1 92.9 47.0 131.0 9.6

Total 1052 100.0

It is scrutinized from the above table that the level of perception towards job in

paper industries of the married respondents ranged between 68 and 126 with an average

of 92.3 and the level of perception of the unmarried respondents ranged between 47 and

131 with an average of 92.9. From the above analysis it concluded that the maximum

level of perception towards job perceived by the unmarried respondents in paper

industries.

With a view to find the degree of association between the marital status and level

of perception towards job in paper industries, a two-way table was prepared and it is


152

TABLE NO. 5.21


(TWO-WAY TABLE)

S. No.

Marital Status Level of Perception towards job


1

Married 36

(11.8%) 110

(36.2%) 158

(52.0%)

304

2

Unmarried 134

(17.9%) 197

(26.3%) 417

(55.7%)

748

Total 170 307 575 1052

It is determined from the above table that the percentage of high level of

perception towards job in paper industries was the highest (55.7) among the unmarried

respondents and the same was the lowest (52.0) among married respondents. The

percentage of medium level of perception towards job in paper industries was the highest

(36.2) among the married respondents and the same was the lowest (26.3) among

unmarried respondents. On the other hand, the percentage of low level of perception

towards job in paper industries was the highest (17.9) among unmarried respondents and

the same was the lowest (11.8) among married respondents.

In order to find the relationship between the marital status of the respondents and



table.

H0 : There is no significant relationship between marital status and their level

of perception towards job in paper industries.

153

H1 : There is a significant relationship between marital status and their level of


TABLE NO. 5.22


(CHI-SQUARE TEST)

Factor Calculated

2

Value

Table Value

D.F

Remarks

Marital Status

12.678

5.991

2 Significant at 5%

level



marital status of the respondents and the level of perception towards job in paper


is a close relationship between the marital status and level of perception towards job in

paper industries.

NUMBER OF DEPENDENTS IN THE FAMILY AND LEVEL OF PERCEPTION

TOWARDS JOB

Based on the number of dependents in their family, the respondents level of

perception varies in their job in paper industries. For the purpose of the study, number of

dependents in the family has been classified into three categories namely 1-3 members, 4-

5 members and above 5 members. The sample consists 332 (31.6%) respondents having

to 1-3 members in their family, 462 (43.9%) respondents having to 4-5 members in their

family and 258 (24.5%) respondents having to above 5 members in their family.

154

The distribution of sample respondents according to the number of dependents

and level of perception towards job in paper industries are shown in the following table.

TABLE NO. 5.23

NUMBER OF DEPENDENTS IN THE FAMILY AND LEVEL OF PERCEPTION

TOWARDS JOB

S.

No.

No. of Dependents No. of

Respondents

% Ave

rage

Range S.D

Min Max

1 1-3 members 332 31.6 92.8 67.0 131.0 9.8

2 4-5 members 462 43.9 93.0 71.0 129.0 9.0

3 Above 5 members 258 24.5 92.2 47.0 123.0 9.7

Total 1052 100.0

It is extrapolated from the above table that the level of perception towards job in

paper industries among the respondents of 1-3 dependents in their family ranged between

67 and 131 with an average of 92.8. The level of perception among the respondents of 4-

5 dependents in their family ranged between 71 and 129 with an average of 93.0. The

level of perception by the respondents of more than 5 dependents in their family ranged

between 47 and 123 with an average of 92.2. From the analysis it identified that

maximum level of perception towards job in paper industries perceived by the

respondents of 4-5 dependents in a family.

With a view to find the degree of association between the number of dependents

in the family and level of perception towards job in paper industries, a two-way table was

prepared and it is exhibited in the following table.

155

TABLE NO. 5.24

NUMBER OF DEPENDENTS IN THE FAMILY AND LEVEL OF


S.No.

No. of Dependents Level of Perception towards job


1

1-3 members 57

(17.2%) 95

(28.6%) 180

(54.2%)

332

2

4-5 members 56

(12.1%)

149

(32.3%)

257

(55.6%)

462

3

Above 5 members 57

(22.1%) 63

(24.4%) 138

(53.5%)

258

Total 170 307 575 1052



of 4-5 dependents in their family and the same was the lowest (53.5) towards the

respondents of above 5 dependents in their family. The percentage of medium level of


of 4-5 dependents in their family and the same was the lowest (24.4) towards the

respondents of above 5 dependents in their family. The percentage of low level of


of above 5 dependents in their family and the same was the lowest (12.1) towards the

respondents of 4-5 dependents in their family.

In order to find the relationship between the number of dependents in the family

and level of perception towards job in paper industries, the following hypothesis was


table.

156

H0 : There is no significant relationship between number of dependents in the

family and their level of perception towards job in paper industries.

H1 : There is a significant relationship between number of dependents in the

family and their level of perception towards job in paper industries.

TABLE NO. 5.25

NUMBER OF DEPENDENTS IN THE FAMILY AND LEVEL OF

PERCEPTION TOWARDS JOB (CHI-SQUARE TEST)

Factor Calculated

2

Value

Table Value

D.F

Remarks

No. of dependents

14.182

9.488

4 Significant at 5%

level



number of dependents in the family and level of perception towards job in paper


is a close relationship between the number of dependents in the family and level of


FAMILY SYSTEM AND LEVEL OF PERCEPTION TOWARDS JOB

Family system is one among the important factor to analyse the respondents level

of perception towards job in paper industry. For the purpose of the study, family system

has been classified into two categories namely nuclear and joint family. The sample

consists 611 (58.1%) respondents belonged to nuclear family and 441 (41.9%)

respondents belonged to joint family.

157

The distribution of sample respondents according to the family system and level

of perception towards job in paper industries are shown in the following table.

TABLE NO. 5.26

FAMILY SYSTEM AND LEVEL OF PERCEPTION

S.

No.

Family System No. of

Respondents

% Ave

rage

Range S.D

Min Max

1 Nuclear 611 58.1 93.1 47.0 131.0 10.0

2 Joint Family 441 41.9 92.3 67.0 123.0 8.6

Total 1052 100.0

It is speculated from the above table that the level of perception towards job in

paper industries among the respondents of nuclear family ranged between 47 and 131

with an average of 93.1 and the level of perception among the respondents of joint family

ranged between 67 and 123 with an average of 92.3. From the analysis it identified that

maximum level of perception towards job perceived by the joint family respondents in

paper industries.

With a view to find the degree of association between the family system and level

of perception towards job in paper industries, a two-way table was prepared and it is


158

TABLE NO. 5.27

FAMILY SYSTEM AND LEVEL OF PERCEPTION TOWARDS JOB

(TWO-WAY TABLE)

S.

No.

Family System Level of Perception towards job


1

Nuclear 110

(18.0%) 156

(25.5%) 345

(56.5%)

611

2

Joint Family 60

(13.6%) 151

(34.2%) 230

(52.2%)

441

Total 170 307 575 1052

It is extrapolated from the above table that the percentage of high level of


belonging to nuclear family system and the same was the lowest (52.2) among the

respondents belonging to joint family system. The percentage of medium level of


belonging to joint family and the same was the lowest (25.5) among the respondents

belonging to nuclear family system. The percentage of low level of perception towards

job in paper industries was the highest (18.0) among the respondents belonging to nuclear

family system and the same was the lowest (13.6) among the respondents belonging to

joint family system.

In order to find the relationship between the family system to which the

employees belongs to and level of perception towards job in paper industries, the

following hypothesis was framed and tested with the help of Chi-square test and the

result is shown in the following table.

159

H0 : There is no significant relationship between family system to which the

employees belong to and their level of perception towards job in paper

industries.

H1 : There is a significant relationship between family system to which the

employees belong to and their level of perception towards job in paper

industries.

TABLE NO. 5.28

FAMILY SYSTEM AND LEVEL OF PERCEPTION TOWARDS JOB (CHI-

SQUARE TEST)

Factor Calculated

2

Value

Table Value

D.F

Remarks

Family system

10.592

5.992

2 Significant at 5%

level



family system of the respondents and their level of perception towards job in paper


is a close relationship between the family system of the respondents and their level of


EXPERIENCE AND LEVEL OF PERCEPTION TOWARDS JOB

Experience makes everyone to lead a comfortable life in society. According to

the respondents year of experience, their level of perception towards job will be vary.

For the purpose of this study experience gained by the individual has been classified into

four strata viz., upto 5 years experience, between 6 and 10 years experience, between 11

160

and 15 years experience and above 15 years experience. The sample consists of 287

(27.3%) respondents having 1-5 years experience, 322 (30.6%) respondents having

between 6 and 10 years experience, 276 (26.2%) respondents having 11 and 15 years

experience and 167 (15.9%) respondents having above 15 years experience.

The distribution of sample respondents according to the experience and level of


TABLE NO. 5.29


S.

No.

Experience No. of

Respondents

% Ave

rage

Range S.D

Min Max

1 Upto 5 years 287 27.3 92.1 47.0 125.0 9.4

2 6 to 10 years 322 30.6 92.7 68.0 131.0 9.9

3 11 to 15 years 276 26.2 93.3 67.0 123.0 9.4

4 Above 15 years 167 15.9 93.0 71.0 128.0 8.5

Total 1052 100.0

It is speculated from the above table that the level of perception towards job in

paper industries among the respondents who gained upto 5 years of experience ranged

between 47 and 125 with an average of 92.1. The level of perception among the

respondents who gained 6 to 10 years of experience ranged between 68 and 131 with an

average of 92.7. The level of perception by the respondents who gained 11 and 15 years

of experience ranges between 67 and 123 with an average of 93.3. The level of

perception by the respondents who gained above 15 years of experience ranged between

71 and 128 with an average of 93.0. From the analysis it identified that maximum level of

161

perception towards job was perceived by the respondents who gained between 11 and 15

years of experience in paper industries.

With a view to find the degree of association between the experience and level of

perception towards job in paper industries, a two-way table was prepared and it is


TABLE NO. 5.30


(TWO-WAY TABLE)

S.

No.

Experience Level of Perception towards job


1

Upto 5 years 50

(17.4%) 89

(31.0%) 148

(51.6%)

287

2

6 to 10 years 67

(20.7%) 84

(26.0%) 172

(53.3%)

322

3

11 to 15 years 28

(10.1%) 94

(34.1%) 154

(55.8%)

276

4

Above 15 years 25

(15.0%) 41

(24.6%) 101

(60.5%)

167

Total 170 308 575 1052

It is observed from the above table that the percentage of high level of perception

towards job in paper industries was the highest (60.5) among the respondents who gained

above 15 years of experience and the same was the lowest (51.6) among the respondents

who gained 1-5 years of experience. The percentage of medium level of perception

towards job in paper industries was the highest (34.1) among the respondents who gained

between 11 and 15 years of experience and the same was the lowest (24.6) among the

respondents who gained above 15 years of experience. The percentage of low level of


162

who gained between 6 and 10 years of experience and the same was the lowest (10.1)

among the respondents who gained between 11 and 15 years of experience.

In order to find the relationship between the experience and level of perception

towards job in paper industries, the following hypothesis was framed and tested with the

help of Chi-square test and the result is shown in the following table.

H0 : There is no significant relationship between experience and their level of


H1 : There is a significant relationship between experience and their level of


TABLE NO. 5.31


(CHI-SQUARE TEST)

Factor Calculated

2

Value

Table Value

D.F

Remarks

Experience

17.445

12.592

6 Significant at 5%

level

It is conjectured from the above table that the calculated chi-square value is


hypothesis, experience of the respondents and their level of perception towards job in


there is a close relationship between experience and level of perception towards job in

paper industries.

163

COMPANY AND LEVEL OF PERCEPTION TOWARDS JOB

The respondents are working in several paper industries. According to their job in

particular company, the level of perception has fluctuated. For the purpose of this study

company has been classified into two strata viz., SPB and TNPL. The sample consists

474 (45.1%) respondents who were working in SPB and 578 (54.9%) respondents who

were working in TNPL.

The distribution of sample respondents according to the company and level of

perception towards job in paper industry are shown in the following table.

TABLE NO. 5.32


S. No.

Company No. of

Respondents

% Ave

rage

Range S.D

Min Max

1 SPB 474 45.1 92.5 47.0 125.0 9.1

2 TNPL 578 54.9 92.9 67.0 131.0 9.7

Total 1052 100.0

It is surmised from the above table that the level of perception towards job in

paper industries of the respondents who worked in SPB ranged between 47 and 125 with

an average of 92.5 and the level of perception of the respondents who worked in TNPL

ranged between 67 and 131 with an average of 92.9. From the above analysis it implied

that the maximum level of perception towards job was perceived by the respondents who

worked in TNPL.

164

With a view to find the degree of association between the company and level of

perception towards job in paper industry, a two-way table was prepared and it is


TABLE NO. 5.33


(TWO-WAY TABLE)

S.No.

Company Level of Perception towards job


1

SPB 56

(11.8%) 138

(29.1%) 280

(59.1%)

474

2

TNPL 114

(19.7%) 169

(29.2%) 295

(51.0%)

578

Total 170 307 575 1052


perception towards job in paper industry was the highest (59.1) among the respondents

who worked in SPB and the same was the lowest (51.0) among the respondents who

worked in TNPL. The percentage of medium level of perception towards job in paper

industry was the highest (29.2) among the respondents who worked in TNPL and the

same was the lowest (29.1) among the respondents who worked in SPB. The percentage

of low level of perception towards job in paper industry was the highest (19.7) among the

respondents who worked in TNPL and the same was the lowest (11.8) among the

respondents who worked in SPB.

In order to find the relationship between the company and level of perception

towards job in paper industry, the following hypothesis was framed and tested with the


165

H0 : There is no significant relationship between company and level of

perception towards job in paper industry.

H1 : There is a significant relationship between company and level of


TABLE NO. 5.34


(CHI-SQUARE TEST)

Factor Calculated

2

Value

Table Value

D.F

Remarks

Company

13.157

5.991

2 Significant at 5%

level

It is witnessed from the above table that the calculated chi-square value is greater


company where the respondents are working and their level of perception towards job in

paper industry are not associated and does not hold good. From the analysis, it is found

that there is a close relationship between company where the respondents are working

and their level of perception towards job in paper industry.

WORKING TIME AND LEVEL OF PERCEPTION TOWARDS JOB

In every company, the working time is very essential. The level of perception of

the respondents towards job will differ according to their working time in paper industry.

For the purpose of this study working time has been classified into two strata viz., 5-8

hours and more than 8 hours. The sample consists 719 (68.3%) respondents who are

working for 5-8 hours and 333 (31.7%) respondents who are working for more than 8

hours.

166

The distribution of sample respondents according to the working time and level of

perception towards job in paper industry are shown in the following table.

TABLE NO. 5.35


S.

No.

Working time No. of

Respondents

% Ave

rage

Range S.D

Min Max

1 5-8 hours 719 68.3 92.5 67.0 131.0 9.1

2 More than 8 hours 333 31.7 93.2 47.0 128.0 10.1

Total 1052 100.0

It could be inferred from the above table that the level of perception towards job

in paper industry of the respondents who worked for 5-8 hours ranged between 67 and

131 with an average of 92.5 and the level of perception of the respondents who worked

for more than 8 hours ranged between 47 and 128 with an average of 93.2. It is implied

from the above analysis that the maximum level of perception towards job in paper

industry was perceived by the respondents who worked for more than 8 hours.

With a view to find the degree of association between the working time and level

of perception towards job in paper industry, a two-way table was prepared and it is


167

TABLE NO. 5.36


(TWO-WAY TABLE)

S.No.

Working time Level of Perception towards job


1

5-8 hours 105

(14.6%)

229

(31.8%)

385

(53.5%)

719

2

More than 8 hours 65

(19.5%)

78

(23.4%)

190

(57.1%)

333

Total 170 307 575 1052

It could be examined from the above table that the percentage of high level of

perception towards job in paper industry was the highest (57.1) among the respondents

who worked for more than 8 hours and the same was the lowest (53.5) among the

respondents who worked for 5-8 hours. The percentage of medium level of perception

towards job in paper industry was the highest (31.8) among the respondents who worked

for 5-8 hours and the same was the lowest (23.4) among the respondents who worked for

more than 8 hours. The percentage of low level of perception towards job in paper

industry was the highest (19.5) among the respondents who worked for more than 8

hours, and the same was the lowest (14.6) among the respondents who worked for 5-8

hours in paper industry.

In order to find the relationship between the working time and level of perception

towards job in paper industry, the following hypothesis was framed and tested with the


168

H0 : There is no significant relationship between working time and level of


H1 : There is a significant relationship between working time and level of


TABLE NO. 5.37


(CHI-SQUARE TEST)

Factor Calculated

2

Value

Table Value

D.F

Remarks

Working

Time

9.454

5.991

2 Significant at 5%

level



hypothesis, working time of the respondents and their level of perception towards job in

paper industry are not associated and does not hold good. From the analysis, it is found

that there is a close relationship between working time of the respondents and their level

of perception towards job in paper industry.

169

5.3 LEVEL OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESS AMONG EMPLOYEES

TOWARDS THEIR WORK - ANOVA ANALYSIS

The level of occupational stress among the employees of paper industries was

measured based on their opinion about the occupational stress level while in working in

the paper industry. The respondents opinion were measured based on scale and scoring

technique. Likerts five points scaling was employed and the employees level of

occupational stress was classified as low (below 27 points), medium (27-30 points) and

high (31-40 points) based on mean (30) and standard deviation (4).

TABLE NO. 5.38

LEVEL OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESS AMONG EMPLOYEES TOWARDS

THEIR WORK

S.

No.

Category No. of

Respondents

Percentage

(%)

1. Low (below 27) 189 18.0

2. Medium (27-30) 390 37.0

3. High (31-40) 473 45.0

Total 1052 100.0

It is noted from the above table that 18.0 percent of the respondents were having

low level of stress while in working. It is followed by 37.0 percent of the respondents

were having medium level of stress and remaining 45.0 percent of the respondents were

having high level of stress while in working in paper industry. The two-way analysis was

prepared based on these three strata for data analysis and through this method Anova test

was employed to test the significant difference between the selected independent

variables and dependent variable.

170

AGE AND IMPACT OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESS

The distribution of sample respondents according to the age of the respondents

and their impact of occupational stress in paper industry are shown in the following table.

TABLE NO. 5.39


S.

No.

Age No. of

Respondents

% Ave

rage

Range S.D

Min Max

1 Below 25 yrs. 270 25.7 29.9 12.0 45.0 4.5

2 25-35 yrs. 284 27.0 30.2 17.0 45.0 4.1

3 36-45 yrs. 304 28.9 30.1 12.0 44.0 4.0

4 Above 45 yrs. 194 18.4 30.5 21.0 41.0 3.8

Total 1052 100.0

It could be observed from the above table that the impact of occupational stress in

paper industry perceived by the respondents who belong to the age group of below 25

years ranged between 12 and 45 with an average of 29.9. The respondents with the age

group between 25 and 35 years revealed that their impact of occupational stress in paper

industry ranged between 17 and 45 with an average of 30.2. The impact of occupational

stress in paper industry perceived by the respondents between 35 and 45 years age group

ranged between 12 and 44 with an average of 30.1. Finally, the impact of occupational

stress in paper industry perceived by the respondents who are above 45 years age group

ranged between 21 and 41 with an average of 30.5. It is inferred from the analysis that the

maximum impact of occupational stress was among the age group of above 45 years.

171

With a view to find the degree of association between age of the respondents and

the impact of occupational stress in paper industry, a two-way table is prepared and

depicted in the following table.

TABLE NO. 5.40


(TWO-WAY TABLE)

S.No.

Age Impact of occupational stress


1

Below 25 yrs. 56

(20.7%)

94

(34.8%)

120

(44.4%)

270

2

25-35 yrs. 52

(18.3%) 100

(35.2%) 132

(46.5%)

284

3

36-45 yrs. 53

(17.4%) 117

(38.5%) 134

(44.1%)

304

4

Above 45 yrs. 28

(14.4%) 79

(40.7%) 87

(44.8%)

194

Total 189 390 473 1052

It could be found from the above table that the percentage of high impact of

occupational stress in paper industry was the highest (46.5) among the respondents

between 25 and 35 years of age and the same was the lowest (44.1) among the

respondents between 35 and 45 years age. The percentage of medium impact of

occupational stress in paper industries was the highest (40.7) among the respondents of

above 45 years of age and the same was the lowest (34.8) among the respondents of

below 25 years of age. The percentage of low impact of occupational stress in paper

industry was the highest (20.7) among the respondents of below 25 years of age and the

same was the lowest (14.4) among the respondents of above 45 years of age.

172

In order to find the relationship between the age of the respondents and impact of

occupational stress in paper industry, the following hypothesis was framed and tested

with the help of Anova test and the result is shown in the following table.

H0 : There is no significant difference between age of the respondents and

impact of occupational stress in paper industry.

H1 : There is a significant difference between age of the respondents and

impact of occupational stress in paper industry.

TABLE NO. 5.41


(ANOVA TEST)

Source SS DF MS F S

Between Groups

4.307

2

2.153

1.920

Not significant Within Groups

1176.412

1049

1.121

Total 1180.719 1051

It is examined from the above table that the calculated F value is less than the

table value and the result is not significant. Hence, the hypothesis, Age of the

respondents and the impact of occupational stress are not associated is accepted. From

the analysis, it is found that there is no significant difference between the age of the

respondents and the impact of occupational stress.

GENDER AND IMPACT OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESS

The distribution of sample respondents according to the gender and the impact of

occupational stress in paper industry are shown in the following table.

173

TABLE NO. 5.42


S.

No.

Gender No. of

Respondents

% Ave

rage

Range S.D

Min Max

1 Male 877 83.4 30.1 12.0 45.0 4.2

2 Female 175 16.6 30.3 21.0 45.0 4.0

Total 1052 100.0

It is inferred from the above table that the impact of occupational stress in paper

industry by the male respondents ranged between 12 and 45 with an average of 30.1 and

the impact of occupational stress of the female respondents ranged between 21 and 45

with an average of 30.3. It is concluded from the analysis that the maximum impact of

occupational stress in paper industry was perceived by the male respondents.

With a view to find the degree of association between gender of the respondents

and impact of occupational stress in paper industry, a two-way table was prepared and it

is shown in the following table.

TABLE NO. 5.43


(TWO-WAY TABLE)

S. No.

Gender Impact of occupational stress


1

Male 159

(18.1%)

319

(36.4%)

399

(45.5%)

877

2

Female 30

(17.1%) 71

(40.6%) 74

(42.3%)

175

Total 189 390 473 1052

It is found from the above table that the percentage of high impact of occupational

stress in paper industry was the highest (45.5) among the male respondents and the same

174

was the lowest (42.3) among the female respondents. The percentage of medium impact

of occupational stress in paper industry was the highest (40.6) among the female

respondents and the same was the lowest (36.4) among the male respondents. The

percentage of low impact of occupational stress in paper industry was the highest (18.1)

among the male respondents and the same was the lowest (17.1) among the female

respondents.

In order to find the relationship between the gender of the respondents and the

impact of occupational stress in paper industry, the following hypothesis was framed and

tested with the help of Anova test and the result is shown in the following table.

H0 : There is no significant difference between gender and

occupational stress in paper industry.

impact of

H1 : There is a significant difference between gender and


impact

of

TABLE NO. 5.44


(ANOVA TEST)

Source SS DF MS F S

Between Groups

.153

2

7.675E-02

.552

Not significant Within

Groups

145.735

1049

.139

Total 145.889 1051

It is witnessed from the above table that the calculated F value is less than the

table value and the result is not significant. Hence, the hypothesis, Gender of the

175


the analysis, it is found that there is no significant difference between the gender of the

respondents and the impact of occupational stress.

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION AND IMPACT OF OCCUPATIONAL

STRESS

The distribution of sample respondents according to the educational qualification

of the respondents and impact of occupational stress in paper industry are shown in the

following table.

TABLE NO. 5.45


STRESS

S.

No.

Educational

Qualification

No. of

Respondents

% Ave

rage

Range S.D

Min Max

1 School education 340 32.3 30.4 19.0 45.0 4.0

2 ITI & Diploma 273 26.0 29.6 12.0 45.0 4.0

3 Graduate 185 17.6 30.3 21.0 41.0 3.9

4 Professional 254 24.1 30.1 12.0 41.0 4.5

Total 1052 100.0

It could be discerned from the above table that the impact of occupational stress in

paper industry of school level respondents ranged between 19 and 45 with an average of

30.4. It could be analysed that the level of satisfaction revealed by the respondents of ITI

& Graduate level ranged between 12 and 45 with an average of 29.6. The impact of

occupational stress in paper industry of graduate level respondents ranged between 21

and 41 with an average of 30.3. On the other hand, the impact of occupational stress in

paper industry among professionals ranged between 12 and 41 with an average of 30.1.

176

From the analysis it is identified that the maximum impact of occupational stress in paper

industry was attained by the respondents who did their schooling.


respondents and impact of occupational stress in paper industry, a two-way table was


TABLE NO. 5.46

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION AND LEVEL OF


S.No. Educational

Qualification

Impact of occupational stress Total

Low Medium High

1

School education 49

(14.4%) 136

(40.0%) 155

(45.6%)

340

2

ITI & Diploma 56

(20.5%) 105

(38.5%) 112

(41.0%)

273

3

Graduate 30

(16.2%)

67

(36.2%)

88

(47.6%)

185

4

Professional 54

(21.3%) 82

(32.3%) 118

(46.5%)

254

Total 189 390 473 1052

It could be determined from the above table that the percentage of high impact of

occupational stress in paper industry was the highest (47.6) among the graduates and the

same was the lowest (41.0) among the ITI and Diploma holders. The percentage of

medium impact of occupational stress in paper industry was the highest (40.0) among the

respondents who did their schooling and the same was the lowest (32.3) among the

professionals. The percentage of low impact of occupational stress in paper industry was

the highest (21.3) among the respondents of professionals and the same was the lowest

(14.4) among the respondents who did their schooling.

177

In order to find the relationship between the educational qualification of the

respondents and the impact of occupational stress in paper industry, the following

hypothesis was framed and tested with the help of Anova test and the result is shown in

the following table.

H0 : There is no significant difference between educational qualification and

their impact of occupational stress in paper industry.

H1 : There is a significant difference between educational qualification and

their impact of occupational stress in paper industry.

TABLE NO. 5.47


STRESS (ANOVA TEST)

Source SS DF MS F S

Between Groups

6.984

2

3.492

2.588


1415.566

1049

1.349

Total 1422.550 1051

It could be determined from the above table that the calculated F value is less than

the table value and the result is not significant. Hence, the hypothesis, educational

qualification of the respondents and the impact of occupational stress are not associated

is accepted. From the analysis, it is found that there is no significant difference between

the educational qualification of the respondents and the impact of occupational stress.

178

DESIGNATION AND IMPACT OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESS

The distribution of sample respondents according to the designation and impact of


TABLE NO. 5.48


S. No.

Designation No. of

Respondents

% Ave

rage

Range S.D

Min Max

1 Manager 250 27.0 30.1 12.0 44.0 4.6

2 Staff 284 23.8 30.4 21.0 44.0 4.0

3. Worker 518 49.2 30.0 17.0 45.0 4.0

Total 1052 100.0

It could be inferred from the above table that the impact of occupational stress in

paper industry of the managers ranged between 12 and 44 with an average of 30.1. The

level of perception among the staffs ranged between 21 and 44 with an average of 30.4.

Finally, the level of perception among workers ranged between 17 and 45 with an

average of 30. From the analysis it is identified that maximum impact of occupational

stress in paper industry was attained by the staffs.


respondents and impact of occupational stress in paper industry, a two-way table was


179

TABLE NO. 5.49


(TWO-WAY TABLE)

S.No.

Designation Impact of occupational stress


1

Manager 44

(17.6%) 93

(37.2%) 113

(45.2%)

250

2

Staff 50

(17.6%) 104

(36.6%) 130

(45.8%)

284

3

Worker 95

(18.3%) 193

(37.3%) 230

(44.4%)

518

Total 189 390 473 1052

It is implied from the above table that the percentage of high impact of

occupational stress in paper industry was the highest (45.8) among the staffs and the

same was the lowest (44.4) among the respondents of worker. The percentage of medium

impact of occupational stress in paper industry was the highest (37.3) among the workers

and the same was the lowest (36.6) among the staffs. The percentage of low impact of

occupational stress in paper industry was the highest (18.3) among the workers and the

same was the lowest (17.6) among the managers and staffs.

In order to find the relationship between the designation of the respondents and

the impact of occupational stress in paper industry, the following hypothesis was framed

and tested with the help of Anova test and the result is shown in the following table.

H0 : There is no significant difference between designation and impact of


H1 : There is a significant difference between designation and the impact of


180

TABLE NO. 5.50

DESIGNATION AND IMPACT OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESS (ANOVA TEST)

Source SS DF MS F S

Between Groups

6.997E-02

2

3.498E-02

0.052


699.656

1049

0.667

Total 699.726 1051

It could be determined from the above table that the calculated F value is less than

the table value and the result is not significant. Hence, the hypothesis, designation of the


the analysis, it is found that there is no significant difference between the designation of

the respondents and the impact of occupational stress.

DEPARTMENT AND IMPACT OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESS

The distribution of sample respondents according to the department and impact of


TABLE NO. 5.51

DEPARTMENT AND IMPACT OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESS

S.No.

Department No. of

Respondents

% Ave

rage

Range S.D

Min Max

1 Administration 292 27.8 30.3 20.0 41.0 3.8

2 Marketing 318 30.2 29.7 12.0 41.0 4.3

3 Production 442 42.0 30.4 12.0 45.0 4.2

Total 1052 100.0

181

It could be witnessed from the above table that the impact of occupational stress

in paper industry of the administrative department ranged between 20 and 41 with an

average of 30.3. And the level of perception of the marketing department ranged

between 12 and 41 with an average of 29.7. Finally, the level of perception towards

production department ranged between 12 and 45 with an average of 30.4. From the

analysis it identified that the maximum impact of occupational stress in paper industry

was attained by the production department.

With a view to find the degree of association between department and the impact

of occupational stress in paper industry, a two-way table was prepared and it is shown in

the following table.

TABLE NO. 5.52


(TWO-WAY TABLE)

S.No.

Department Impact of occupational stress


1

Administration 39

(13.4%) 119

(40.8%) 134

(45.9%)

292

2

Marketing 70

(22.0%) 120

(37.7%) 128

(40.3%)

318

3

Production 80

(18.1%) 151

(34.2%) 211

(47.7%)

442

Total 189 390 473 1052

It could be observed from the above table that the percentage of high impact of

occupational stress in paper industry was the highest (47.7) among the respondents of

production department and the same was the lowest (40.3) towards marketing

department. The percentage of medium impact of occupational stress in paper industry

was the highest (40.8) among the respondents of administration department and the same

182

was the lowest (34.2) towards production department. The percentage of low impact of

occupational stress in paper industry was the highest (22) among the respondents of

marketing department and the same was the lowest (13.4) towards administration

department.

In order to find the relationship between the department of the respondents and

the impact of occupational stress in paper industry, the following hypothesis was framed

and tested with the help of Anova test and the result is shown in the following table.

H0 : There is no significant difference between department and the impact of


H1 : There is a significant difference between department and the impact of


TABLE NO. 5.53

DEPARTMENT AND IMPACT OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESS (ANOVA TEST)

Source SS DF MS F S

Between

Groups

2.667

2

1.333

1.970


709.945

1049

.677

Total 712.612 1051

It is noted from the above table that the calculated F value is less than the table

value and the result is not significant. Hence, the hypothesis, department of the


the analysis, it is found that there is no significant difference between the department of

the respondents and the impact of occupational stress.

183

MONTHLY INCOME AND IMPACT OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESS

The distribution of sample respondents according to the monthly income of the

respondents and the impact of occupational stress in paper industry are shown in the

following table.

TABLE NO. 5.54


S.

No.

Monthly Income No. of

Respondents

% Ave

rage

Range S.D

Min Max

1 Below Rs.9000 223 21.2 29.8 12.0 45.0 3.8

2 Rs.9001-12000 239 22.7 30.2 19.0 40.0 4.1

3. Rs.12001-15000 280 26.6 30.3 20.0 41.0 4.0

4. Above Rs.15000 310 29.5 30.2 12.0 45.0 4.5

Total 1052 100.0

It could be highlighted from the above table that the impact of occupational stress

in paper industry among the respondents of the monthly income of Below Rs.9000

ranged between 12 and 45 with an average of 29.8. The impact of occupational stress in

paper industry among the respondents of the monthly income of Rs.9001-12000 ranged

between 19 and 40 with an average of 30.2. The level of perception by the respondents

of the monthly income level of Rs.12001-15000 ranged between 20 and 41 with an

average of 30.3. Finally the impact of occupational stress in paper industry of the

monthly income of above Rs.15000 ranged between 12 and 45 with an average of 30.2. It

is identified from the analysis that the maximum impact of occupational stress in paper

industry was perceived by the respondents earning their monthly income of Rs.12001 and

Rs.15000 in the paper industry.

184

With a view to find the degree of association between the monthly income and

impact of occupational stress in paper industry, a two-way table was prepared and it is


TABLE NO. 5.55


(TWO-WAY TABLE)

S.

No.

Monthly Income Impact of occupational stress


1

Below Rs.9000 36

(16.1)

102

(45.7)

85

(38.1)

223

2

Rs.9001-12000 40

(16.7) 83

(34.7) 116

(48.5)

239

3

Rs.12001-15000 50

(17.9) 97

(34.6) 133

(47.5)

280

4

Above Rs.15000 63

(20.3) 108

(34.8) 139

(44.8)

310

Total 189 390 473 1052

It is corroborated from the above table that the percentage of high impact of

occupational stress in paper industry was the highest (48.5) among the respondents of the

monthly income of Rs.8001 and 12000 and the same was the lowest (38.1) among the

respondents of monthly income which is Below Rs.9000. The percentage of medium

impact of occupational stress in paper industry was the highest (45.7) among the

respondents of the monthly income of Below Rs.9000 and the same was the lowest (34.6)

among the respondents of the monthly income between Rs.12001-15000. The percentage

of low impact of occupational stress in paper industry was the highest (20.3) among the

respondents of the monthly income of above Rs.15000 and the same was the lowest

(16.1) among the respondents of the monthly income of Below Rs.9000.

185

In order to find the relationship between the monthly income of the respondents

and the impact of occupational stress in paper industry, the following hypothesis was

framed and tested with the help of Anova test and the result is shown in the following

table.

H0 : There is no significant difference between monthly income and the impact

of occupational stress in paper industry.

H1 : There is a significant difference between monthly income and the impact

of occupational stress in paper industry.

TABLE NO. 5.56

MONTHLY INCOME AND THE IMPACT OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESS

(ANOVA TEST)

Source SS DF MS F S

Between Groups

6.871

2

3.436

2.771


1300.455

1049

1.240

Total 1307.326 1051

It is inferred from the above table that the calculated F value is less than the table

value and the result is not significant. Hence the hypothesis, monthly income of the


the analysis, it is found that there is no significant difference between the monthly

income of the respondents and the impact of occupational stress.

186

MARITAL STATUS AND IMPACT OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESS

The distribution of sample respondents according to the marital status of the

respondents and the impact of occupational stress in paper industry are shown in the

following table.

TABLE NO. 5.57


S.

No.

Marital

Status

No. of

Respondents

% Ave

rage

Range S.D

Min Max

1 Married 304 28.9 30.2 17.0 45.0 4.0

2 Unmarried 748 71.1 30.1 12.0 44.0 4.2

Total 1052 100.0

It is scrutinized from the above table that the impact of occupational stress in

paper industry of the married respondents ranged between 17 and 45 with an average of

30.2 and the level of perception of the unmarried respondents ranged between 12 and 44

with an average of 30.1. From the above analysis it concluded that the maximum impact

of occupational stress was perceived by the married respondents in paper industry.

With a view to find the degree of association between the marital status and the

impact of occupational stress in paper industry, a two-way table was prepared and it is


187

TABLE NO. 5.58


(TWO-WAY TABLE)

S. No.

Marital

Status

Impact of occupational stress Total

Low Medium High

1

Married 45

(14.8%) 126

(41.4%) 133

(43.8%)

304

2

11 chapter 5

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