ACHIEVEMENT

ACHIEVEMENTUNIT 11UNIT 11

PRE

SEN

T PR

ESE

NT

PERF

EC

TPE

RFE

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FORMFORM [has/have + past

[has/have + past participle]participle] Examples:

Examples: You You have seenhave seen that that

movie many times.

movie many times. HaveHave you you seenseen that that

movie many times?

movie many times? You You have not seen

have not seen that that

movie many times.

movie many times.

USE

1 U

nspe

cifi

ed

USE

1 U

nspe

cifi

ed

Tim

e B

efor

e N

ow

Tim

e B

efor

e N

ow

We use the Present Perfect to say that an action

We use the Present Perfect to say that an action

happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact

happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact

time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present

time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present

Perfect with specific time expressions such as:

Perfect with specific time expressions such as:

yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child,

yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child,

when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day,

when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day,

etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific

etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific

expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times,

expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times,

several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.

several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.

Examples:Examples: I I have seenhave seen that movie twenty times.

that movie twenty times.

I think I I think I have met

have met him once before.

him once before.

There There have been

have been many earthquakes in California.

many earthquakes in California.

People People have traveled

have traveled to the Moon.

to the Moon.

People People have not traveled

have not traveled to Mars. to Mars.

HaveHave you you readread the book yet?

the book yet?

Nobody Nobody hashas ever

ever climbedclimbed that mountain.

that mountain.

A: A: HasHas there ever there ever beenbeen a war in the United States?

a war in the United States?

B: Yes, there B: Yes, there has been

has been a war in the United States.

a war in the United States.

TO

PIC

1

TO

PIC

1

Exp

erie

nce

Exp

erie

nce

You can use the Present Perfect to describe

You can use the Present Perfect to describe

your experience. It is like saying, "I have the

your experience. It is like saying, "I have the

experience of..." You can also use this tense

experience of..." You can also use this tense

to say that you have never had a certain

to say that you have never had a certain

experience. The Present Perfect is NOT used

experience. The Present Perfect is NOT used

to describe a specific event.

to describe a specific event.

Examples:Examples: I I have beenhave been to France.

to France.

This sentence means that you have had the

This sentence means that you have had the

experience of being in France. Maybe you

experience of being in France. Maybe you

have been there once, or several times.

have been there once, or several times.

I I have beenhave been to France three times.

to France three times.

You can add the number of times at the end of

You can add the number of times at the end of

the sentence.

the sentence. I I havehave never never beenbeen to France.

to France.

This sentence means that you have not had the

This sentence means that you have not had the

experience of going to France.

experience of going to France.

I think I I think I have seen

have seen that movie before.

that movie before.

He He hashas never never traveled

traveled by train. by train.

Joan Joan has studiedhas studied two foreign languages.

two foreign languages.

A: A: HaveHave you ever you ever metmet him? him?

B: No, I B: No, I havehave not not metmet him. him.

TO

PIC

2 C

hang

e

TO

PIC

2 C

hang

e O

ver T

ime

Ove

r Tim

e

We often use the Present Perfect to

We often use the Present Perfect to

talk about change that has

talk about change that has

happened over a period of time.

happened over a period of time.

Examples:Examples: You You have grown

have grown since the last time

since the last time

I saw you.I saw you. The government

The government has becomehas become

more interested in arts education.

more interested in arts education.

Japanese Japanese has become

has become one of the one of the

most popular courses at the

most popular courses at the

university since the Asian studies

university since the Asian studies

program was established.

program was established.

My English My English hashas really

really improvedimproved

since I moved to Australia.

since I moved to Australia.

TO

PIC

3

TO

PIC

3

Acc

ompl

ishm

ents

Acc

ompl

ishm

ents

We often use the Present

We often use the Present

Perfect to list the

Perfect to list the accomplishments of individuals

accomplishments of individuals

and humanity. You cannot

and humanity. You cannot

mention a specific time.

mention a specific time.

Examples:Examples: Man Man has walked

has walked on the Moon.

on the Moon.

Our son Our son has learned

has learned how to how to

read.read. Doctors Doctors have cured

have cured many many

deadly diseases.

deadly diseases. Scientists

Scientists have splithave split the atom.

the atom.

TO

PIC

4 A

n

TO

PIC

4 A

n U

ncom

plet

ed

Unc

ompl

eted

A

ctio

n Yo

u A

re

Act

ion

You

Are

E

xpec

ting

Exp

ecti

ng

We often use the Present

We often use the Present

Perfect to say that an action

Perfect to say that an action

which we expected has not

which we expected has not

happened. Using the Present

happened. Using the Present

Perfect suggests that we are still

Perfect suggests that we are still

waiting for the action to happen.

waiting for the action to happen.

Examples:Examples: James

James has not finished

has not finished his his

homework yet.

homework yet. Susan Susan hasn't mastered

hasn't mastered

Japanese, but she can

Japanese, but she can

communicate.

communicate. Bill Bill hashas still still not arrivednot arrived..

The rain The rain hasn't stopped

hasn't stopped..

TO

PIC

5 M

ulti

ple

TO

PIC

5 M

ulti

ple

Act

ions

at D

iffe

rent

Act

ions

at D

iffe

rent

T

imes

Tim

es

We also use the Present Perfect

We also use the Present Perfect

to talk about several different

to talk about several different

actions which have occurred in

actions which have occurred in

the past at different times.

the past at different times.

Present Perfect suggests the

Present Perfect suggests the

process is not complete and

process is not complete and

more actions are possible.

more actions are possible.

Examples:Examples: The army

The army has attackedhas attacked that city

that city

five times.five times. I I have hadhave had four quizzes and five

four quizzes and five

tests so far this semester.

tests so far this semester.

We We have hadhave had many major

many major

problems while working on this

problems while working on this

project.project. She She has talked

has talked to several to several

specialists about her problem,

specialists about her problem,

but nobody knows why she is

but nobody knows why she is

sick.sick.

EX

ERC

ISE

SE

XE

RCIS

ES

http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs5.htm

http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs5.htm

http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs6.htm

http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs6.htm

PRE

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TEN

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PAST

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PAST

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Has the time period

Has the time period finished?finished? The The present perfect

present perfect is is

used when the

used when the time time

period has NOT

period has NOT finishedfinished. I . I have seen

have seen three movies

three movies this weekthis week..

The The simple pastsimple past is used

is used

when the when the time period

time period

HAS finishedHAS finished. I . I sawsaw three movies

three movies last weeklast week

Is it

new

Is

it n

ew

info

rmat

ion

or o

ld?

info

rmat

ion

or o

ld? The The present perfect

present perfect is is

often used when giving

often used when giving

recent newsrecent news. Martin

. Martin has has

crashedcrashed his car again.

his car again. The The simple past

simple past is used is used

when giving

when giving older older

informationinformation. Martin

. Martin crashedcrashed his car last year.

his car last year.

Is it

a s

peci

fic

Is it

a s

peci

fic

tim

e?ti

me?

The The present perfect

present perfect is is

used when the

used when the time is time is

not specificnot specific. I . I have seen

have seen

that movie already.

that movie already. I I have seen

have seen that movie that movie

already. (We don't know

already. (We don't know

when.) The when.) The simple past

simple past

is used when the

is used when the time is time is

clearclear. I . I sawsaw that movie that movie

on Thursdayon Thursday..

Has

the

acti

on

Has

the

acti

on

fini

shed

(sen

tenc

es

fini

shed

(sen

tenc

es

wit

h w

ith

““ forfo

r ”” o

r o

r ““ s

ince

sinc

e ””)?)?

The The present perfect

present perfect is is

used with used with forfor and and sincesince

when the when the actions have

actions have

not finishednot finished yet. I

yet. I have have

livedlived in Victoria for

in Victoria for five five

yearsyears.. The The simple pastsimple past is used

is used

with with for for when the when the

actions have already

actions have already finishedfinished. I . I livedlived in in

Victoria for Victoria for five years

five years..