11.2 – the sun and its planetary systems
DESCRIPTION
11.2 – The Sun and its Planetary Systems. To be a planet, 3 criteria must be met: Must orbit one or more stars Must be large enough that its own gravity holds it in a spherical shape Must be the only body occupying the orbital path. THE PLANETS. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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11.2 – THE SUN AND ITS PLANETARY SYSTEMS
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THE PLANETS To be a planet, 3 criteria must be
met: Must orbit one or more stars Must be large enough that its own gravity holds it in a spherical shape
Must be the only body occupying the orbital path
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This distance between planets is SO large that we don’t measure in kilometres!
Astronomical Unit (AU): equal to the average distance between the Sun and Earth (about 150 million km) Earth = 1 AU from the Sun Jupiter = 5.27 AU from the Sun
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1. MOONS Also known as “satellites” All planets except Mercury and
Venus have 1 or more orbiting companions
Earth’s satellite is named the Moon More than 150 moons have
recognized in our solar system
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2. ASTEROIDS Small bodies believed to be
leftover remains from the formation of the solar system
Most orbit the Sun in a band between Mars and Jupiter
Can be as small as grains of sand or up to 1000km wide (ex. Ceres)
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3. COMETS Composed of ice, rock, and gas Originate from the Kuiper Belt and
the Oort Cloud Can get bumped into the inner
solar system Can see a trail of gas/dust when effected by sunlight
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4. TRANS-NEPTUNIAN OBJECTS Objects that circle the Sun beyond Neptune’s
orbit Kuiper Belt
A flat disk of millions of small bodies orbiting the Sun
Believed to be made of fragments of material left over from the solar system’s formation
Dwarfs planets, similar in composition/size to Pluto, orbit in this belt Believed to be 23 objects in the Kuiper Belt
that may be considered planets
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5. OORT CLOUD A spherical cloud of small icy
fragments Located at the farthest reaches of
the Sun’s gravitational influence Believed to be a source of comets Roughly 50,000-100,000 AU from
the Sun