11g r2

Lowering your IT Costswith Oracle Database 11g Release 2

Thomas Kyte http://asktom.oracle.com

Continuous Innovation

Exadata StorageExadata Storage Real Application Real Application

TestingTesting Advanced Compression Advanced Compression

Automatic Automatic Storage Management Storage Management Transparent Data Encryption Transparent Data Encryption Self Managing Database Self Managing Database XML DatabaseXML Database Oracle Data Guard Oracle Data Guard Real Application Clusters Real Application Clusters Flashback Query Flashback Query Virtual Private Database Virtual Private Database Built in Java VMBuilt in Java VM Partitioning Support Partitioning Support Built in Messaging Built in Messaging Object Relational Support Object Relational Support Multimedia Support Multimedia Support Data Warehousing OptimizationsData Warehousing Optimizations Parallel Operations Parallel Operations Distributed SQL & Transaction Support Distributed SQL & Transaction Support Cluster and MPP Support Cluster and MPP Support Multi-version Read Consistency Multi-version Read Consistency Client/Server Support Client/Server Support Platform Portability Platform Portability Commercial SQL Implementation Commercial SQL Implementation

Oracle 2Oracle 9i

Oracle 5

Oracle 6

Oracle 7

Oracle 8

Oracle 8i

Oracle 10g

Oracle 11g

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Clustering

Consolidate onto the GridUsing low-cost server and storage grids

EnterpriseManager

Automatic Storage Management

In-Memory Database Cache

Real Application Clusters

Oracle Database 11g Release 2Dynamic Cluster Partitioning via Server Pools

• Dynamically assigns servers to run groups of related workload• Allocation is Policy Managed – Min/Max, Relative Importance• Unassigned Servers go to Free Pool• Cluster reconfigures if a pool falls below its minimums

Back Office Front Office Depart/LOB Free

• Low entry cost to grid consolidation• Automated failover within Grid• Rolling patches• Online upgrade to multi-node RAC instances

RAC One NodeNew Enterprise feature for mass consolidation

DB BDB C

DB DDB E

DB FDB A


Hardware

Sun Oracle Database MachineGet on the Grid Faster - OLTP & Data Warehousing

Oracle Database Server Grid• 8 Database Servers

– 64 Cores – 400 GB DRAM

Exadata Storage Server Grid• 14 Storage Servers

– 5TB Smart Flash Cache– 336 TB Disk Storage

Unified Server/Storage Network• 40 Gb/sec Infiniband Links

– 880 Gb/sec Aggregate Throughput

Completely Fault Tolerant

8

Sun Exadata Storage Server Hardware

24 GB DRAM

12 x 3.5” Disk Drives

2 Quad-Core Intel®

Xeon® Processors

Disk Controller HBA with 512M battery backed cache

InfiniBand QDR (40Gb/s) dual port card

Dual-redundant, hot-swappable power

supplies

4 x 96GB Sun Flash PCIe Cards

Flash CacheHow it works

120 GB Flash Cache

120 GB Flash Cache

16 GB SGA Memory

16 GB SGA Memory

360 GBMagnetic Disks

360 GBMagnetic Disks

Install Flash Drive in the Host Server

• Set two init.ora parameters:• db_flash_cache_file = <filename>

• Specifies the path to the flash disk

• db_flash_cache_size=<size>• Specifies the amount of flash disk to use

Install Flash Drive in the Host Server

• Set two init.ora parameters:• db_flash_cache_file = <filename>

• Specifies the path to the flash disk

• db_flash_cache_size=<size>• Specifies the amount of flash disk to use

Extended Buffer Cache

11

World’s Fastest OLTP MachineWith Sun FlashFire Technology

• Huge semiconductor memory hierarchy– 400 Gigabytes DRAM– 5 TB Smart Flash Cache – Not Flash Disk !!!

• 1 Million random I/Os per second– Eliminates most physical disk I/O

• 3x database compression for OLTP– Compressed 1.2 TB Database in DRAM – Compressed 15 TB Database in Flash Cache


IMDB

Oracle In Memory Database CacheOffload Data processing to Middle Tier resources

• Data cached in application memory

• Synchronized with Oracle Database

• Fast, consistent response times

– High transaction throughput

– Scale out with In-Memory cached Grid

• Standard Oracle Interfaces

– SQL, PL/SQL, OCI

Cached tables

BusinessApplications

Cached tables

BusinessApplications


Warehousing

Oracle Database 11g Release 2In-Memory Parallel Execution

• Data warehouse environments can have large amounts of memory that is not always used

• An algorithm places fragments of an object (partitions) in memory on different nodes

• Compression gets more data in memory

• Parallel servers (aka PQ Slaves) are then executed on the corresponding nodes

• Requires Automatic Degree of Parallelism

Real ApplicationClusters

In-Memory Parallel ExecutionHow it works

SQLstatement

Determine the size of the table being looked at

Read into the buffer cache on any node

Table is extremely small

Always use direct read from disk

Table is a good candidate for In-Memory Parallel

Execution

Table is extremely Large

Fragments of Table are read into each node’s

buffer cache

Only parallel server on the same RAC node

will access each fragment

Automated Degree of ParallelismHow it works

SQLstatement

Statement is hard parsedAnd optimizer determines

the execution plan

Statement executes serially

Statement executes in parallel

Optimizer determines ideal DOP

If estimated time greater than threshold

Actual DOP = MIN(default DOP, ideal DOP)If estimated time

less than thresholdPARALLEL_MIN_TIME_THRESHOLD

Parallel Statement QueuingHow it works

SQLstatements

Statement is parsedand Oracle automatically

determines DOP

If enough parallel servers available

execute immediately

If not enough parallel servers available queue

128163264

8

FIFO Queue

When the required number of parallel servers become available the first

stmt on the queue is dequeued and executed

128

163264

Query Processing:The problem with traditional storage

What Were Yesterday’s

Sales?

SUM

Oracle Database Server Grid Storage Array

Retrieve Entire Sales

Table

Select sum(sales) where

salesdate= ‘15-Sep-2009’ …

Query Processing: Using Sun Oracle Exadata Storage Server

What Were Yesterday’s

Sales?

SUM

Oracle Exadata Storage Grid

Select sum(sales) where

salesdate= ‘15-Sep-2009’ …

Retrieve Sales for Sep 15 2009

Oracle Database Server Grid


Storage

Reduce storage costs by factor of 10xData growth continues to outpace budget growth

Source: Winter TopTen Survey, Winter Corporation, Waltham MA, 2008.

200

400

600

800

1000

1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

Actual

Projected

Ter

abyt

es o

f D

ata

Rate of Database Growth

Automatic Storage ManagementLowers the cost of storage management

• Virtualize and share storage resources• Advanced data striping for maximum I/O performance• Online addition and migration of storage

HR SALES ERP

Oracle Database 11g Release 2ASM Cluster File System

• General purpose clustered or local file system• Optimized disk layout, online rebalance, mirroring• Dynamic volume management, read-only snapshots

HR SALES ERP

Database Files Oracle Binaries Files

Oracle Database 11g Release 2Other ASM Enhancements

• Improved Management– ASM Install &

Configuration Assistant (ASMCA)

– Full Featured ASMCMD– ASM File Access Control– ASM Disk Group Rename– Datafile to Disk Mapping

• Tunable Performance– Intelligent Data Placement

Infrequently Accessed

Data

Infrequently Accessed

Data

Frequently Accessed

Data

Frequently Accessed

Data

© 2009 Oracle Corporation – Proprietary and Confidential

5% Active5% Active95% Less Active95% Less Active

ORDERS TABLE (7 years)

High End Storage Tier

2003

Manage Data Growth Partition for performance, management and cost

2009

Low End Storage Tier 2-3x less per terabyte

2008

Significantly Reduce Storage UsageAdvanced OLTP Compression

• Compress large application tables– Transaction processing, data warehousing

• Compress all data types– Structured and unstructured data types

• Improve query performance– Cascade storage savings throughout data center

Compression4XUp To

• Data stored by columnand then compressed

• Useful for data that is bulk loaded or moved

• Query mode for data warehousing– Typical 10X compression ratios– Scans improve accordingly

• Archival mode for old data– Typical 15- 50X compression ratios

Sun Oracle Exadata Storage ServerHybrid Columnar Compression

50XUp To


Availability

Oracle Maximum Availability ArchitectureFully Utilizing Redundancy

Automatic Storage Management

Real Application Clusters

Secure Backups to Cloud and Tape

ActiveData Guard

FastRecovery Area

Data Guard

Traditional Testing Approach Production – 1,000s of Real Online Users

PRODUCTION

Limited Testing Capabilities Few users trying to be 1,000s of users

TESTPRODUCTION

Real Application TestingWorkload for 1,000s of Online Users Captured

PRODUCTION

Workload

Capture

Real Application TestingWorkload for 1,000s of Online Users Replayed

Replay

PRODUCTION TEST

Capture

Workload

Online Application UpgradeEdition-based redefinition

• Code changes are installed in the privacy of a new edition

• Data changes are made safely by writing only to new columns or new tables not seen by the old edition

• An editioning view exposes a different projection of a table into each edition to allow each to see just its own columns

• A crossedition trigger propagates data changes made by the old edition into the new edition’s columns, or (in hot-rollover) vice-versa


ops$tkyte%ORA11GR2> create user demo identified by demo

2 /

User created.

ops$tkyte%ORA11GR2> grant create session, create procedure to demo

2 /

Grant succeeded.

ops$tkyte%ORA11GR2> create edition version2 as child of ora$base

2 /

Edition created.


ops$tkyte%ORA11GR2> connect demo/demoConnected.demo%ORA11GR2> demo%ORA11GR2> create or replace procedure my_procedure 2 as 3 begin 4 dbms_output.put_line( 'Hello World, I am version 1.0' ); 5 end; 6 /Procedure created.

demo%ORA11GR2> create or replace procedure my_procedure2 2 as 3 begin 4 my_procedure; 5 end; 6 /Procedure created.


demo%ORA11GR2> exec my_procedure2

Hello World, I am version 1.0

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.


demo%ORA11GR2> connect /

Connected.

ops$tkyte%ORA11GR2> alter user demo enable editions

2 /

User altered.

ops$tkyte%ORA11GR2> grant use on edition version2 to demo

2 /

Grant succeeded.


ops$tkyte%ORA11GR2> connect demo/demo

Connected.

demo%ORA11GR2> alter session set edition = version2

2 /

Session altered.

demo%ORA11GR2> set linesize 150

demo%ORA11GR2> select object_name, object_type, status, edition_name from user_objects

2 /

OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_TYPE STATUS EDITION_NAME

---------------- -------------- ------- ---------------

MY_PROCEDURE PROCEDURE VALID ORA$BASE

MY_PROCEDURE2 PROCEDURE VALID ORA$BASE


demo%ORA11GR2> create or replace procedure my_procedure

2 as

3 begin

4 dbms_output.put_line( 'Hello World, I am version 2.0' );

5 end;

6 /

Procedure created.

demo%ORA11GR2> select object_name, object_type, status, edition_name from user_objects

2 /

OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_TYPE STATUS EDITION_NAME

--------------- ------------------- ------- --------------

MY_PROCEDURE2 PROCEDURE VALID ORA$BASE

MY_PROCEDURE PROCEDURE VALID VERSION2


demo%ORA11GR2> SELECT SYS_CONTEXT('userenv', 'current_edition_name') FROM DUAL;

SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','CURRENT_EDITION_NAME')

--------------------------------------------------

VERSION2





demo%ORA11GR2> connect demo/demo

Connected.


SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','CURRENT_EDITION_NAME')

----------------------------------------------ORA$BASE





demo%ORA11GR2> alter session set edition = version2;

Session altered.


SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','CURRENT_EDITION_NAME')-----------------------------------------------VERSION2

demo%ORA11GR2> exec my_procedure2Hello World, I am version 2.0



How to get there

What are my upgrade paths?Predictable performance post-upgrade

10.2.0.2

10.2.0.2

11.1.0.6

11.1.0.6

10.1.0.510.1.0.5

9.2.0.89.2.0.8

11.211.2

SQL Plan ManagementAutomated SQL tuning

Rolling Database Upgrades

Major ReleaseUpgrades

Patch SetUpgrades

Cluster Software & Hardware Upgrades

Initial SQL Apply Config

ClientsRedo

Version X Version X

1

BA

Switchover to B, upgrade A

Redo

4

Upgrade

X+1X+1

BA

Run in mixed mode to test

Redo

3

X+1X

A B

Upgrade node B to X+1

Upgrade

LogsQueue

X

2

X+1

A B

……

ClientClient

…Client

Capture DB Workload

Make Change Safe - Realistic Testing with Database Replay

• Recreate actual production database workload in test environment

• No test development required

• Replay workload in test with production timing

• Analyze & fix issues before production

Middle Tier

Storage

Oracle DB

Replay DB Workload

Production

9i, 10g, 11g

Test

11g Release 1 and above

For More Information

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www.oracle.com/database

oracle database 11g

11g r2

Technology

oracle database machine

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oracle exadata storage

database servers

tb database

storage servers

parallel statement

flash disk db