REPRODUCTIVESYSTEM

HumanAnatomyUnit3

InAnatomyToday

MaleReproductiveSystem

• Gonads=testes– primaryorganresponsibleforspermproduction

– development/maintenanceofsecondarysexcharacteristics

• Gametes=sperm

MaleReproductiveSystem

AnatomyoftheTestes

• Tunicaalbuginea• Seminiferoustubules– highlycoiled– sealedbythebloodtestisbarrier

– Siteofspermproduction

• locatedintesticularlobules

AnatomyoftheTestes

HistologyoftheTestes

• InterstitialcellsofLeydig– Interstitialendocrinocytes

– Locatedbetweenseminiferoustubules

– testosterone• Sertolicells– Nursingcellsorsustentacularcells

– formthebloodtestisbarrier

– supportspermdevelopment

DevelopmentofSperm• Spermformedbytwo

processes– meiosis

• CelldivisionresultingincellswithgeneticallyvariedcellswithonlyonecompletesetofDNA(remember…ourcellshavetwocompletesets!)

– spermatogenesis• morphologicalchangesas

spermdevelopintubulesystem

• 64daysinhumans

– Cansurvive3daysinfemalereproductivetract

DevelopmentofSperm

TheLongandWindingRoad…

• Seminiferoustubulesà• Retetestisà• Epididymisà• Vasdeferensà• Ejaculatoryductà• Prostaticurethraà• Membranousurethraà• Penileurethraà

TheEpididymis

• Sperm“swimschool”• Commashapedorganthatarchesovertheposteriorandlateralsideofthetestis

• Storesspermatozoauntilejaculationorabsorption

• Spermstoredforupto2weeks

VasDeferens• Extendsfromtheepididymis• Passesposteriortotheurinary

bladder• Meetsthespermaticblood

vesselstobecomethespermaticcord

• Enterspelvisthroughtheinguinalcanal

• Ampullaeofthevas• Passesintotheseminal

vesiclestoformtheejaculatoryduct

VasDeferens

SeminalVesicles

• Bilateral• Locatedontheposterior/inferioraspectoftheurinarybladder

• Produce60%ofsemen

Prostate

• Locatedinferiortotheurinarybladder

• Surroundstheprostaticurethra

• Sizeandshapeofachestnut

• Secretesabout1/3ofsemen

Bulbourethral(Cowper’s)Gland

• Locatedinferiortotheprostateandsuperiortothepenis

• Secretesanalkalinesubstancepriortoejaculation

• Neutralizesacidfromurine

Penis

• Erectiletissue– cavernoustissuethatbecomesengorgedwithbloodduringerection

• Corpusspongiosum– surroundsthepenileurethra

• Corporacavernosa(2)– locatedonthedorsalaspectofthepenis

Penis

• Glans– enlargedtipofthepenis

• Prepuce– cuffoflooseskinthatcoverstheglans

– removedduringcircumcision

Scrotum

• Thinsacofskin– superficialfasciaandsmoothmuscle

– dartos– holdsthetestesoutsideofthebody

• Reducedtemperatureaidsindevelopmentofsperm

CremasterMuscle

• Skeletalmusclefibersextendingfromtheinternalobliquemuscle

• Responsibleforelevatingthetestis

TunicaoftheTestis

• Tunicavaginalis– outpouchingoftheperitonealcavity

– aseroussac

• Tunicaalbuginea– thefibrouscapsuleofthetestes

FemaleReproductiveSystem

• Gonads=ovaries– almondshaped– flanktheuterusoneitherside

– attachedtotheuterusandbodywallbyligaments

• Gametes=oocytes– releasedfromtheovaryduringovulation

– Developwithinovarianfollicles

Ligaments• Broadligament

– Attachestowallsandfloorofpelviccavity

– Continuouswithparietalperitoneum

• Roundligament– Perpendiculartobroadligament

• Ovarianligament– Lateralsurfaceofuterus- ->

medialsurfaceofovary

• Suspensoryligament– Lateralsurfaceofovary- ->

pelvicwall

OvarianFollicles

• Layersofepithelialcellssurroundingova• Primordialfollicle– mostimmatureoffollicles

• Primaryfollicle– singlelayeroffollicular(granulosa)cells

• Secondary– morethanonelayerandgrowingcavities

• Graafian– Fluidfilledantrum– ovumsupportedbymanylayersoffollicularcells– Ovumsurroundedbycoronaradiata

OvarianFollicles

CorpusLuteum

• Ovulationreleasestheoocytewiththecoronaradiata

• LeavesbehindtherestoftheGraafianfollicle• Folliclebecomescorpusluteum• Continuestosecretehormonestosupportpossiblepregnancyuntilplacentabecomessecretoryornoimplantation

• Becomescorpusalbicanswhennolongerfunctional

CorpusLuteumandCorpusAlbicans

Uterine(Fallopian)Tubes

• Ciliatedtubes– Passageoftheovumtotheuterus

– Passageofspermtowardtheovum

• Fimbriae– fingerlikeprojectionsthatcovertheovaryandsway,drawingtheovuminsideafterovulation

TheUterus

• Muscular,holloworgan– supportstheembryo/fetusduringpregnancy

• Threelayers– Endometrium• innerliningofcolumnarepithelium• highlymodifiedduringpregnancy

–Myometrium• smoothmusclelayer

– Perimetrium• adventitiaoftheuterus

TheUterus

TheUterus

• Fundus– superiormostarea

• Body– longestpartoftheuterus

• Cervix– necklikeregionoftheuterusthatextendsintothevagina

– internalandexternalosaretheopeningsofthecervix

TheUterus

TheVagina

• Birthcanal– thinwalledexpandabletube

– posteriortotheurethraandanteriortotherectum

– foldedwithrugae

• Hymen– vascularcoveringtothevagina

ExternalGenitalia• Labia– Foldsthatprotectthevestibule• Major

– dryskinwithhair• Minor

– moistmucusmembrane

• Clitoris– homologtotheglanspenis• containserectiletissue,aglans,bodyandprepuce

• Perineum– diamondshapedregioncontainingtheurethralorifice,externalgenitalia,andanus

ExternalGenitalia

FemaleReproductiveSystem