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REPRODUCTIVESYSTEM
HumanAnatomyUnit3
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InAnatomyToday
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MaleReproductiveSystem
• Gonads=testes– primaryorganresponsibleforspermproduction
– development/maintenanceofsecondarysexcharacteristics
• Gametes=sperm
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MaleReproductiveSystem
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AnatomyoftheTestes
• Tunicaalbuginea• Seminiferoustubules– highlycoiled– sealedbythebloodtestisbarrier
– Siteofspermproduction
• locatedintesticularlobules
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AnatomyoftheTestes
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HistologyoftheTestes
• InterstitialcellsofLeydig– Interstitialendocrinocytes
– Locatedbetweenseminiferoustubules
– testosterone• Sertolicells– Nursingcellsorsustentacularcells
– formthebloodtestisbarrier
– supportspermdevelopment
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DevelopmentofSperm• Spermformedbytwo
processes– meiosis
• CelldivisionresultingincellswithgeneticallyvariedcellswithonlyonecompletesetofDNA(remember…ourcellshavetwocompletesets!)
– spermatogenesis• morphologicalchangesas
spermdevelopintubulesystem
• 64daysinhumans
– Cansurvive3daysinfemalereproductivetract
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DevelopmentofSperm
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TheLongandWindingRoad…
• Seminiferoustubulesà• Retetestisà• Epididymisà• Vasdeferensà• Ejaculatoryductà• Prostaticurethraà• Membranousurethraà• Penileurethraà
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TheEpididymis
• Sperm“swimschool”• Commashapedorganthatarchesovertheposteriorandlateralsideofthetestis
• Storesspermatozoauntilejaculationorabsorption
• Spermstoredforupto2weeks
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VasDeferens• Extendsfromtheepididymis• Passesposteriortotheurinary
bladder• Meetsthespermaticblood
vesselstobecomethespermaticcord
• Enterspelvisthroughtheinguinalcanal
• Ampullaeofthevas• Passesintotheseminal
vesiclestoformtheejaculatoryduct
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VasDeferens
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SeminalVesicles
• Bilateral• Locatedontheposterior/inferioraspectoftheurinarybladder
• Produce60%ofsemen
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Prostate
• Locatedinferiortotheurinarybladder
• Surroundstheprostaticurethra
• Sizeandshapeofachestnut
• Secretesabout1/3ofsemen
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Bulbourethral(Cowper’s)Gland
• Locatedinferiortotheprostateandsuperiortothepenis
• Secretesanalkalinesubstancepriortoejaculation
• Neutralizesacidfromurine
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Penis
• Erectiletissue– cavernoustissuethatbecomesengorgedwithbloodduringerection
• Corpusspongiosum– surroundsthepenileurethra
• Corporacavernosa(2)– locatedonthedorsalaspectofthepenis
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Penis
• Glans– enlargedtipofthepenis
• Prepuce– cuffoflooseskinthatcoverstheglans
– removedduringcircumcision
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Scrotum
• Thinsacofskin– superficialfasciaandsmoothmuscle
– dartos– holdsthetestesoutsideofthebody
• Reducedtemperatureaidsindevelopmentofsperm
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CremasterMuscle
• Skeletalmusclefibersextendingfromtheinternalobliquemuscle
• Responsibleforelevatingthetestis
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TunicaoftheTestis
• Tunicavaginalis– outpouchingoftheperitonealcavity
– aseroussac
• Tunicaalbuginea– thefibrouscapsuleofthetestes
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FemaleReproductiveSystem
• Gonads=ovaries– almondshaped– flanktheuterusoneitherside
– attachedtotheuterusandbodywallbyligaments
• Gametes=oocytes– releasedfromtheovaryduringovulation
– Developwithinovarianfollicles
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Ligaments• Broadligament
– Attachestowallsandfloorofpelviccavity
– Continuouswithparietalperitoneum
• Roundligament– Perpendiculartobroadligament
• Ovarianligament– Lateralsurfaceofuterus- ->
medialsurfaceofovary
• Suspensoryligament– Lateralsurfaceofovary- ->
pelvicwall
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OvarianFollicles
• Layersofepithelialcellssurroundingova• Primordialfollicle– mostimmatureoffollicles
• Primaryfollicle– singlelayeroffollicular(granulosa)cells
• Secondary– morethanonelayerandgrowingcavities
• Graafian– Fluidfilledantrum– ovumsupportedbymanylayersoffollicularcells– Ovumsurroundedbycoronaradiata
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OvarianFollicles
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CorpusLuteum
• Ovulationreleasestheoocytewiththecoronaradiata
• LeavesbehindtherestoftheGraafianfollicle• Folliclebecomescorpusluteum• Continuestosecretehormonestosupportpossiblepregnancyuntilplacentabecomessecretoryornoimplantation
• Becomescorpusalbicanswhennolongerfunctional
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CorpusLuteumandCorpusAlbicans
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Uterine(Fallopian)Tubes
• Ciliatedtubes– Passageoftheovumtotheuterus
– Passageofspermtowardtheovum
• Fimbriae– fingerlikeprojectionsthatcovertheovaryandsway,drawingtheovuminsideafterovulation
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TheUterus
• Muscular,holloworgan– supportstheembryo/fetusduringpregnancy
• Threelayers– Endometrium• innerliningofcolumnarepithelium• highlymodifiedduringpregnancy
–Myometrium• smoothmusclelayer
– Perimetrium• adventitiaoftheuterus
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TheUterus
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TheUterus
• Fundus– superiormostarea
• Body– longestpartoftheuterus
• Cervix– necklikeregionoftheuterusthatextendsintothevagina
– internalandexternalosaretheopeningsofthecervix
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TheUterus
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TheVagina
• Birthcanal– thinwalledexpandabletube
– posteriortotheurethraandanteriortotherectum
– foldedwithrugae
• Hymen– vascularcoveringtothevagina
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ExternalGenitalia• Labia– Foldsthatprotectthevestibule• Major
– dryskinwithhair• Minor
– moistmucusmembrane
• Clitoris– homologtotheglanspenis• containserectiletissue,aglans,bodyandprepuce
• Perineum– diamondshapedregioncontainingtheurethralorifice,externalgenitalia,andanus
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ExternalGenitalia
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FemaleReproductiveSystem