121 week 8 circulatory system
TRANSCRIPT
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Objectives
• Identify anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system
• Recognize common symptoms of the cardiovascular system
• Recognize common laboratory and diagnostic tests for diseases of the cardiovascular system
• Differentiate various diseases of the cardiovascular systemMyocardial InfarctionCongestive Heart FailureThrombophlebitisReye’s SyndromeRheumatic Fever
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Identify anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system
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Recognize common symptoms of the cardiovascular system• Fatigue• Dyspnea• Fever• Weakness• Tachycardia and
palpitations• Pallor• Chest pain (angina)
• Unusual sweating, especially at night
• Edema• Nausea, vomiting or
anorexia• Anxiety• Headache• Clubbing
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Common laboratory and diagnostic tests • Blood tests (serum
enzymes, ESR)• Angiography/
arteriography• Electrocardiography• Chest x-ray• Cardiac
catheterization• Blood pressure• Echocardiography
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Cardiac catheterization
Echocardiography Angiography
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Atherosclerosis
controllable risk factors for atherosclerosis:
• High blood cholesterol (especially LDL or "bad" cholesterol over 100 mg/dL)
• Cigarette smoking and exposure to tobacco smoke
• High blood pressure • Diabetes mellitus • Obesity • Physical inactivity
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Myocardial Infarction
• Life-threatening; occlusion of one or more coronary arteries
• Predisposing factorsheredity, obesity, aging, hypertension, cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, lifestyle
• Unrelieved crushing chest pain• ECG, cardiac enzyme levels
angiography,• CPR, hospitalization, bedrest• Prognosis is guarded
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Heart attacks can have gender-specific symptoms
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Congestive Heart Failure
• Impaired ability of the heart to pump blood
• Inadequate pumping of either left or right ventricles
• Signs/symptoms determined by which ventricles are affected
• ECG, chest x-ray, elevated venous pressure; echocardiography, angiography
• Tx includes diuretics, bedrest, vasodilators, digitalis, low-sodium diet
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Thrombophlebitis
• Inflammation of vein with formation of a clot
• Caused by trauma, reduced blood flow, infection, prolonged immobility
• Dull ache and tightness at site; induration, redness, tenderness
• Dx’d by phlebography, US
• Tx depends if superficial or DVT
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Reye’s Syndrome• Disruption of urea cycle;
accumulation of ammonia in blood, hypoglycemia, severe brain edema
• Affects children under 15; follows URI; use of ASA
• Signs/symptoms follow stages• Dx’d by lab tests: increase
ammonia in blood, liver function studies, spinal fluid analysis
• Tx to restore blood sugar levels, control cerebral edema, correct acid-base imbalances
• Prognosis dependent on which stage dx’d; fatal
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Rheumatic Fever
• Systemic inflammatory disease• Likely complication of strep A
infection• Signs/symptoms: polyarthritis,
carditis, fever, chorea, subQ nodules over body surfaces, erythemia
• Dx’d by ASO (test for antibodies) increased WBC, elevated ESR, cardiac enzymes
• Tx of strep infection• Can cause scarring and
deformities of the valves
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BLOOD THINNING WITH WARFARIN (COUMADIN)
• Drug used to “thin” blood
• Warfarin still used as rat poison
• Pro Time test essential