13ii econ and cultural revival
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 13 ii
Economic and Cultural Revival
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The Crusades accelerated the transformation of western Europe from crude, backward, and violent to sophisticated, educated, traders.
That’s so 1190’s!
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The Crusades also The Crusades also pushed warfare pushed warfare out of out of Europe and into the Europe and into the Middle EastMiddle East, giving , giving Europe time to develop Europe time to develop and emerge from the and emerge from the Middle Ages first.Middle Ages first.
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Around the time of the Crusades, the heavy plow is invented. This allowed farmers to plow more land and grow more crops. This eventually contributed to population growth, too.
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The collar harness replaced the ox yoke, shifting the weight onto the horse’s shoulders. Now horses didn’t die while plowing!
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The heavy plow, collar harness, and crop rotation created an agricultural (r)evolution.
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Now that it’s relatively safe to travel, towns such as Venice, Pisa, and Genoa flourished with the trade of silk, spices, and porcelain.
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Early merchants used the barter system, but when a money economy appears, the benefits are:
1. The rise of Banking.
2. Standardized prices/units.
3. The ability to take out a loan.
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The Church viewed lending with the intent of charging interest as evil (the sin of avarice.) Duh… they had plenty of $$$!
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As warfare in Europe declined, towns began to grow larger. Unfortunately, sanitation had not yet been invented. A constant stench filled the towns.
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A lack of sanitation caused diphtheria, typhoid, influenza, and malaria. In crowded conditions, lots of people died. (cough, cough)
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During the 1100’s, merchants and artisans organized themselves in “guilds”. Their purpose was to maintain a monopoly over a trade.
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Guild members were all skilled, had money, and could become part of the growing middle class burgesses.
Medieval Aircraft Guild
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Education grew when a variety of new schools were built. A new style of learning emphasized reason as well as faith. This was scholasticism.
I’d rather bebuilding atrebuchet!
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Peter Abelard collected biblical statements showing both points to controversial questions. This book, Sic et Non (Yes and No), was one of the first on logic.
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Thomas Aquinas wrote Summa Theologica in which he claimed that reason was God’s gift that could answer basic philosophical questions. “Reason exists in harmony with faith.”
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Epic literary works are produced during this age. Beowulf and Chanson de Roland are both written. These tales are spread by troubadours (traveling minstrels).
“I gave my love a cherry that had
no stone…”