140727tigo2002-2014
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Report on the TIGO-ProjectConcepcin - Chile
2002-2014
Hayo Hase, Michael HfnerBKG
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Motivation for the TIGO-Project
1984 NASA Crustal Dynamics Project proofs theory of continental plate tectonics by static and mobile SLR and VLBI platforms
1989 German Research Group on Satellite Geodesy (FGS) proposes a mobile integrated geodetic measuring platform in its research program 1990-1995
1992-1997 funds for the construction of the Transportable Integrated Geodetic Observatory (TIGO) had been made available by German Ministery of Interior (25 million Mark 12.5 million Euro).
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Construction of TIGO at Wettzell1994-1999
Summer 1996
Winter 1996
TIGO staff: 2Wettzell staff: ~25
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Call for participation 1999
proposed sites for TIGOCL: Antofagasta, Santiago, Concepcion, AR: Cordoba, Buenos Aires, BR: Brasilia, Fortaleza
IN: Bangalore, ID: Jakarta, Yogyakarta, PH: Manila
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2000-01-15 FGS Decision on Reconnaissance Report
Shortlist Cordoba, + most continental point in the South, best
infrastructure available Bangalore, + best qualified staff Concepcin, + most southern point, best improvement
for existing network, 11 staff provided Decision in favour of Concepcin
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2000-2001 Engineering Tasks
Selection and definition of TIGO-site measuring RFI conditions, absence of artificial light, no vibrations
in the ground by traffic, near airport, internet access Construction of access road (2000) Design and Construction of platform (2000-2001)
2000: access road, 2,5 km
2001: platform
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2000-2001 Administrative Tasks
Editing of a diplomatic note (2000-2001) Approval of diplomatic note by Chilean
government, Decree 489, published in Diario Oficial de la Repblica de Chile, 29.11.2001
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2002-01-15 Llegada de TIGO en el puerto de Lirqun
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2002 Installation of TIGO at platform
February 2002installation of radio telescope by TIGO staff
June 2002VLBI and SLR operation has started
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Mission of the Geodetic Observatory
The mission of TIGO is the realization of terrestial reference points in the space and time domain and in the gravitational field of Earth.
regionalGPSnetworkandtidegauge
gravitymeterseismometer
SLRopticaltelescope
VLBIradiotelescopemeteorological
sensors
GNSSantenna atomic
clocks
offices
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What was achieved in 2002-2014?
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Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI)
contributestointerferometricobservationsofquasarsatthelimitoftheuniverse
networkstationoftheInternationalVLBIService(IVS)
ProductsofIVS: Earthorientationparameters
foranykindofspaceactivities
monitoringofglobalchange continentaltectonic celestialreferencesystem
6m radio telescope, primary focus, offset
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Number of 24h IVS SessionsExp. 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total
R1 29 48 41 37 48 40 25 45 40 40 49 51 13 506
R4 - 25 23 43 44 50 49 46 46 40 52 47 16 481
E3 6 8 11 11 5 - - - - - - - - 41
T2 2 1 8 5 2 2 7 7 7 1 2 4 - 48
OHIG 2 6 7 3 4 7 7 5 3 5 5 6 - 60
RDV 3 5 3 5 3 2 - - - 1 - - - 22
RV - 10 - - - 7 6 8 4 4 8 3 - 50
CONT - - - 29 - - 12 - - 15 - - - 56
TQ - - - - - - - - 5 - - - - 5
Total 42 103 93 133 106 108 106 111 105 106 116 111 29 1,269
1,269 VLBI sessions = 247,723 individual quasar observations
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Importance of TIGO for the IVS
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TANAMI: Most accurate image of a black hole with TIGO-data
optical image image by VLBI R. Ojha et al. 2010 A&A 519, 45
TANAMI (Tracking Active Galactic Nuclei with Austral Milliarcsecond Interferometry) is a multiwavelength program to monitor relativistic jets in active galactic nuclei (AGN)of the Southern Sky.
http://pulsar.sternwarte.uni-erlangen.de/tanami/
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EXPRES:OpeningCeremonyoftheInternationalYearofAstronomy2009,Jan15/16UNESCO,Paris
TIGOwastheonlyparticipantinSouthAmericaprovidingastronomicaldatainrealtime.
EC-FP6: EXPRES-Project(Express Production of Real-Time eVLBI Service)
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EXPRES: Observation of SMART-1
SMART1crashonthemoonobservedbyTIGO
2006090301:42:22UT
SmallMissionsforAdvancedResearchinTechnology
firstlunamissionofESAError:2cm
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4th IVS General Meeting 2006
hosted by UdeC 75 participants from
17 countries biannual most
important conference on VLBI for geodesy and astrometry
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Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR)
measurestimeintervalsoflaserpulsesdirectedtosatellites
networkstationoftheInternationalLaserRangingService(ILRS)
ProductsofILRS: satelliteorbits positionofthecenterofmassof
Earth geoid calibrationserviceofaltimeter
satellitesandatomicclocksatnavigationsatellites
lasersystem,100Hz,15mJ,40ps
opticaltelescope,50cmaperture
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SLR Productivity by year
HEO: High Earth Orbiting, >6,000 km altitudeLAGEOS: Laser Geodynamics Satellite, ~6,000 km altitudeLEO: Low Earth Orbiting,
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SLR Productivity by monthnu
mbe
r of
mea
sure
d sa
telli
te p
asse
s
month
SLR-observations are possible through-out the year, even during winter time.
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Oldsystem NewsystemProblems
new
SLR-Laser System Upgrade 2006
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SLR-Laser System Upgrade 2006
before upgrade, 10Hz after upgrade, 100Hz
=> improvement of precision by a factor of 2
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FieldmaintenanceoftheSLRtelescopeatTIGOSeptember2008
transmissionpropertiesofthelasertelescopehavedegradedovertime
surfacedegradation,damagesofantireflectioncoatings
largeprismsinopticalpathmadeobservationincreasinglydifficult
eachprismhasindividualdesignandacomplexmechanicalmount
changeofCoudprismsnecessary
Options:a)technicalservicebymanufacturerb)doityourselfinChile
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Settingupanopticalworkshopintheopenfield
FieldmaintenanceoftheSLRtelescopeatTIGO
creatingacleanroomenvironmentintheoutside
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Liftingupthetelescopeforremovalandinstallationofprisms
FieldmaintenanceoftheSLRtelescopeatTIGO(2008)
makingaccesstotheprismspossible
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RealignmentoftheCoudopticalpath
FieldmaintenanceoftheSLRtelescopeatTIGO(2008)
workinglikethemanufacturerdidwhenthetelescopewasbuilt
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First findings by SLR from TIGOGalileo 101: 27.11.11-02:45 UTCGalileo 102: 29.11.11-10:15 UTC
orbital height: 23.230 kmposition: ~4 cm
Heroes SLR:Victor Mora
Marcos Avendao
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Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)
continuous monitoring of the position of the antenna
2 network stations CONZ and CONT of the International GNSS Service (IGS)
Products of IGS: reference system for GIS and
catastre monitoring of regional
tectonic meteorological predictions NTRIP real time geodetic
network
permanent station CONZ
CONZ
2005-2011> 2011
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GNSS Setup TIGO
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CONZ Time Series pre-Earthquake
rate: 35mm/adirection: NE
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2010-02-27 M8.8 Earthquakeseen by CONZ
30 s
3,0 m
1. Earthquake started with north-east movement.
2. Displacement of 3 meter towards south-west direction during 30 seconds.
3. Seismic waves with amplitudes of up to 50 cm.
1. 2. 3.
east
north
height
each data point = 1 second
3 different phases
This data set is of historicalimportance in earthquake science.
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CONZ Time Series post-Earthquake
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CONZ post-EarthquakeTrace of Walk
one dot represents one week of GNSS data
With the conservation of CONZ as a permanent station, for the first timethe entire seismic cycle of Concepcin could be monitored.
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RedGeodsicadeControl
RegionalGPS
Bulnes
SantaJuana
PuntaFaroHualpn
TIGO
Dichato
37,63 kms
34,53 kms
TIGORegionalGPSNetworkinstallationcompleted2009
1supgradeandremoteaccesspending
2004
2007
2009
2008
2002
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operational since September 2004
operationalsinceSeptember2004antenna
receiver
bedrock
TIGO GPS Permanent StationPunta Faro Hualpen
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Tidegauge
GPSantenna
TIGO GPS Permanent StationDichato
operationalsinceOctober2007
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TIGO GPS Permanent StationBulnes
operationalsinceApril2008
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TIGO GPS Permanent StationSanta Juana
operationalsinceJanuary2009
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TIGO Regional GNSS Network
took too long to be setup due to many difficulties finding a suitable site (stable, secure, no multi-path) contractual situation (IGM-ESSBIO)
was too difficult to maintain GNSS equipment obsolete (high energy consumption,
no internet access, no battery buffer) many power outages decreasing manpower second car needed
disassembled after earthquake Feb 27, 2010
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RedGeodsicadeControl
RegionalGPS
Bulnes
SantaJuana
PuntaFaroHualpn
TIGO
Dichato
37,63 kms
34,53 kms
TIGORegionalGPSNetworkinstallationcompleted2009
1supgradeandremoteaccesspending
2004
2007
2009
2008
2002
CorenetworkfortheObservatorioTerritorial
ofthe8thRegionandshallbeenlargedby
15moremeasuringsites.
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ObservatorioTerritorialparaunDesarrolloRegionalSustentable
InitiativeofRegionalGovernmentwithUdeCtosetupanewregionalinfrastructurefor
cadastre
regionalplanning
monitoringofnaturalhazardsandearlywarning
RegionalGovernmentsuggestedtopromotesuchapilotprojectduetothepresenceofTIGOinthe8thRegion
TIGOstaffparticipatedandconsultedinmanymeetingsduring2008
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Time & Frequency Laboratory
permanent monitoring of local frequency standards and adjustments using satellite methods
approved time laboratory for the Universal Time Service of the time section of the BIPM
Products: realization of the local
time scale Universal Time Coordinated (UTC) with highest precision
3 cesium standards 3 H-maser standards
2 GPS stationsfor time transfer
1ns
TIGO owns the most precise clocks of Chile
error of 1s in 300.000 years.
error of 1s in30.000.000 aos.
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Circular T: Deviation of UTC(TCC)
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Relative and Absolute Gravimetry
in-situ monitoring of the gravitational field of the Earth
only reference point in Latin America of the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP)
network station of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS)
Products: Earth tides absolute g
super conducting gravity meter SG38only instrument in Latin America
absolute gravity meter FG5g=9,7992406975m/s
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Gravity results at TIGO
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Local Survey 2003 vs. 2012
space vectors between the main geodetic reference points are measured in a local geodetic network and necessary to combine VLBI, SLR, GNSS and also gravimetry
local survey needs periodical repetitions
local survey was done twice by experts from Wettzell: 2003 and 2012
Reference points of local geodetic network at the TIGO site. Arrows indicate the reference point motion between the two epochs 2003 and 2012.
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Complementary Sensors
MeteorologyMeteorology
air temperature
air relative humidity
air pressure
wind direction
wind velocity
solar radiation
dew point
rain quantity
water vapour (only until 2006)
Hydrology soil moisture
ground water level
Others seismometer
borehole tiltmeter
10m meteorology mast according to theChilean meteorological service (>2008)
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Temperature Min/Max at TIGO
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Air Pressure Min/Max at TIGO
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Human Resources
14 TIGO technical staff (3+5+3+2+1) according to Decree 489
administrator and concierge are necessary TIGO had a high fluctuation of staff due to low
sallaries 67 Chilean individuals have been trained in the
different aspects of TIGO (one of the goals of scientific-technical cooperation!)
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Total number of staff vs. time
28 = peak number in April 2008
(advanced internships of visiting students not included)
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Fulfillment of Decree 489
BKG: 154/156 = 98.7%, Chile: 29/156 = 18.6%
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Challenges
understaffing, low income, no-incentives, no promotions of TIGO-staff required extremely good working atmosphere teamwork oriented spirit motivating leadership skills
sensibilisation of decision makers for a non-profite global infrastructure project
finding trustworthy alies in a distrusting society managing the TIGO-project and satisfying German and
Chilean needs at the same time
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