163121388-guide-for-spreadsheets.pdf

8/10/2019 163121388-Guide-for-Spreadsheets.pdf

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SPREADSHEETSFORCONCRETE

DESIGNTO BS 8110 and

EC2

User Guide to Excel spreadsheet filesfor contemporary reinforced concretedesign to BS 8110: Part 1, 1 !and E"# $E%& 1 #' (ith commentary

C H Goodchild BSc, CEng, MCIOB, MIStructE

R M Webster CEng, FIStructE

%B )his *ersion of the User Guide may ha*e +eensuperseded +y the pu+lication Spreadsheets forconcrete design to BS 8110 and EC2 and +y the fileUserGuid pdf


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Foreword

)his pu+lication (as produced +y the -einforced "oncrete "ouncil $-""' as part of its pro.ect /Spreadsheets forconcrete design to BS 8110 and E"#/ )his pro.ect (as .ointly funded +y the -"" and the epartment of theEn*ironment, )ransport and the -egions $ E)-' under its Partners in )echnology scheme and (as madepossi+le +y mem+ers of industry (ith their contri+utions in ind

)he -"" (as set up to promote +etter no(ledge and understanding of reinforced concrete design and +uildingtechnology 2ts mem+ers are 3llied Steel 4 5ire, representing the ma.or suppliers of reinforcing steel in the U6,

and the British "ement 3ssociation, representing the ma.or manufacturers of Portland cement in the U6 "harlesGoodchild is Senior Engineer for the -einforced "oncrete "ouncil 7e (as responsi+le for the concept andmanagement of this pro.ect and this pu+lication

-od 5e+ster of "oncrete 2nno*ation 4 esign is principal author of the spreadsheets 7e has +een (riting -"spreadsheets since 1 8 and is expert in the design of tall concrete +uildings and in ad*anced analyticalmethods

Acknowledgements)he ideas and illustrations come from many sources )he help and guidance recei*ed from many indi*iduals aregratefully ac no(ledged

)han s are due to mem+ers of the pro.ect9s 3d*isory Group for their time and effort in helping to ma e the pro.ectfeasi+le and in +ringing it to fruition:

S 3lexander, S 3lhayderi, r 7 3l ;uarra, 2 Bald(in, " Bar er, < Beamish, 3 Beasley, ) Bedford,G Belton, - Bhatt, - Bic erton, P Blac more, Blac (ood, < Brady, " Buc= o(s i , 3 "amp+ell,

r P "hana, G "harles(orth, > "heng,


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SPREADSHEETS FOR CONCRETE DESIGN TOBS 8 ! "nd EC#

ContentsP"ge

2ntroduction DGeneral notes

oad )a e do(n 4 esign xls #RCC "olumn "hart generation xlsRCC&$ "olumn esign xls H

5alls RCC' Basement 5all xls !

RCC'# -etaining 5all xlsStairs RCC( Stair @light 4 >anding Single xls #

RCC(# Stairs 4 >andings


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#

Notesin the text of this pu+lication, spreadsheets are often referred to +y their initial referencenum+er rather than the full names gi*en a+o*eJ 3 4 L 3nal sis and esi n


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INTROD*CTION)his pu+lication has +een produced under the -einforced "oncrete "ouncil9s pro.ect, MSpreadsheetsfor concrete design to BS 8110 and E"#9 2t pro*ides:

3 User Guide for the spreadsheets produced under the a+o*e pro.ect

Examples of current commercial reinforced concrete design 3 consensus of current commercial reinforced concrete design practice 3 consensus of opinion concerning reinforced concrete design to E"#

)he spreadsheets are intended to follo( normal design practice and cater for the design of lo( tomedium rise multi storey concrete framed +uildings

*er a num+er of years, the -einforced "oncrete "ouncil has de*eloped spreadsheets to producecost optimised spanIdepth charts $1' 2t (as recognised that the spreadsheets could pro*e to +e a *eryuseful tool for all designers N eAually useful to the single practitioner, larger organisations andeducational esta+lishments )hus in 1 H a pro.ect (as set up to commit reinforced concrete design tocomputer spreadsheet files )he pro.ect (as .ointly funded +y the -"" and the epartment of theEn*ironment, )ransport and the -egions $ E)-' under its Partners in )echnology scheme 2t (asmade possi+le +y the support and contri+utions of time gi*en +y indi*idual mem+ers of industry )hepro.ect (as managed +y the -einforced "oncrete "ouncil and guided +y an 80 strong 3d*isory Groupof interested parties, including consulting engineers and soft(are houses

)he spreadsheets (ere to +e issued (ith pu+lications co*ering their use, complete (ith model designsand commentary )(o issues (ere originally en*isaged: one to BS 8110: Part 1, 1 ! , Structural useof concrete $#', and one to Eurocode 2, Design of concrete structures, Part 1 $D' (ing to currentuncertainties (ith the final detailed content of E"#, the num+er of spreadsheets to the current E%&has +een curtailed %onetheless, it has +een possi+le to maintain a comprehensi*e co*erage andpresent the spreadsheets to E"# (ith those to BS 8110 in this single *olume user guide

)he design of concrete structures has +een descri+ed as time consuming and costly "omputerprograms are used extensi*ely +ut designers are often reluctant to rely on M+lac +ox9 technology o*er(hich they ha*e little no(ledge or control "omputer spreadsheets, on the other hand, are userfriendly, completely transparent and *ery po(erful, and are +ecoming increasingly popular in allaspects of engineering )hey ha*e po(erful graphical presentation facilities and esta+lished lin s (ithother soft(are, nota+ly (ord processors 2n structural engineering, they suit concrete design ideally, inthat they can carry out a series of mathematical calculations and, as in design, can chec (hethercertain conditions are met )hey are an ideal medium to deal (ith the intricacies of concrete design

3nd this is (here it is hoped the pu+lication and spreadsheets (ill help students and inexperiencedengineers grasp an understanding of reinforced concrete design @or the experienced engineer,spreadsheets allo( the rapid production of clear and accurate design calculations 2t is hoped that thespreadsheets (ill allo( younger users to understand concrete design and help them to gainexperience +y studying their o(n M(hat if9 scenarios )he indi*idual user should +e a+le to ans(er theiro(n Auestions +y chasing through the cells to understand the logic used "ells (ithin eachspreadsheet can +e interrogated, formulae chec ed and *alues traced

2n producing the spreadsheets se*eral issues ha*e had to +e addressed @irstly, (hich spreadsheetpac age should +e usedO Excel appeared to hold a+out !0 of the mar et amongst structuralengineers and (as thus adopted


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)he introduction of Eurocode # is ine*ita+le Students and +oth inexperienced and experiencedengineers (ill all need to grasp an understanding of design to this code )here are differences+et(een E"# and BS 8110 )he spreadsheets should help (ith the transition )he introduction ofEurocode # (ill pro*ide commercial opportunities for those (ho are prepared to use it

2t is +elie*ed that +oth no*ices and experienced users of spreadsheets (ill +e con*inced thatspreadsheets ha*e a great potential for teaching BS 8110 and Eurocode #, impro*ing concrete designand, a+o*e all, impro*ing the concrete design and construction process


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GENERA+ NOTES

"n"g-ng t.e s/re"ds.eets

*seSpreadsheets can +e a *ery po(erful tool )heir use (ill +ecome increasingly common in thepreparation of design calculations )hey can sa*e time, money and effort )hey pro*ide the facility tooptimise designs and they can help instill experience 7o(e*er, these +enefits ha*e to +e (eighedagainst the ris s associated (ith any endea*our )hese ris s must +e recognised and managed 2nother (ords appropriate le*els of super*ision and chec ing, including self chec ing, must, as al(ays,+e exercised (hen using these spreadsheets

Ad0"nt"ges@or the experienced engineer, it is hoped that the spreadsheets (ill help in the rapid production ofclear and accurate design calculations for reinforced concrete elements )he contents are intended to+e sufficient to allo( the design of lo( rise multi storey concrete framed +uildings

Spreadsheets allo( users to gain experience +y studying their o(n M(hat if9 scenarios Should theyha*e Aueries, indi*idual users should +e a+le to ans(er their o(n Auestions +y chasing through thecells to understand the logic used "ells (ithin each spreadsheet can +e interrogated, formulaechec ed and *alues traced


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+-"2-l-t3A 41nd"ment"l cond-t-on o4 1se t."t t.e 1ser "cce/ts res/ons-2-l-t3 4or t.e -n/1t "nd o1t/1t o4t.e com/1ter "nd .ow -t -s 1sed5

3s (ith all soft(are, users must +e satisfied (ith the ans(ers these spreadsheets gi*e and +e

confident in their use )hese spreadsheets can ne*er +e fully *alidated +ut ha*e +een through +etatesting, +oth formally and informally, through mem+ers of the 3d*isory Group 7o(e*er, users mustsatisfy themsel*es that the uses to (hich the spreadsheets are put are appropriate

)he initial spreadsheets (ere put through (hat (as termed Midiot proofing9 to try and guard againststrange num+ers +eing used By its *ery nature, this exercise could not +e all encompassing @uturede*elopments, such as adoption of European standards, might lead to use of concrete strengths ofD! %Imm # $f c L D0, f cu L D!' and other material properties strange to U6 eyes 3nother example isreinforcement diameters of 1 mm that are used o*erseas

ControlUsers and managers should +e a(are that spreadsheets can +e changed and must address change

control and *ersions for use )he flexi+ility and ease of use of spreadsheets, (hich account for their(idespread popularity, also facilitate ad hoc and unstructured approaches to their su+seAuentde*elopment

;uality 3ssurance procedures may dictate that spreadsheets are treated as controlled documents andsu+.ect to comparison and chec s (ith pre*ious methods prior to adoption Users/ ;uality 3ssuranceschemes should address the issue of changes )he possi+ilities of introducing a company/s o(npass(ord to the spreadsheets andIor extending the -e*ision history contained (ithin the sheetentitled %otes might +e considered

A//l-c"t-on)he spreadsheets ha*e +een de*eloped (ith the goal of producing c"lc1l"t-ons to sho( compliance

(ith codes 5hilst this is the primary goal, there is a school of thought$10'

that designers are primarilypaid for producing specifications and dra(ings (hich (or on site and are appro*ed +y clients andIorchec ing authorities Producing calculations happens to +e a secondary exercise, regarded +y manyexperienced engineers as a hurdle on the (ay to getting the pro.ect appro*ed and completed @rom a+usiness process point of *ie(, the emphasis of the spreadsheets might, in future, change toesta+lishing compliance once mem+ers, loads and details are no(n "ertainly this may +e thepreferred method of use +y experienced engineers

)he spreadsheets ha*e +een de*eloped (ith the a+ility for users to input and use their o(n preferredmaterial properties, +ar si=es and spacings etc 7o(e*er, user preferences should recognise mo*esfor efficiency through standardisation

3nother long term o+.ecti*e is automation )o this end, spreadsheet contents might in future +e

arranged so that input and output can +e copied and pasted easily +y macros andIor lin ed +y theend user )here are counter arguments a+out users needing to +e closer to the calculations andresults in order to ensure they are properly considered N see Appropriate use a+o*e

5e emphasise that it is up to the user ho( heIshe uses the output )he spreadsheets ha*e +eenproduced to cater for +oth first time users and the *ery experienced (ithout putting the first time useroff %onetheless, their potential applications are innumera+le

S1mm"r35ith spreadsheets, long term ad*antage and sa*ings come from repeated use +ut there are ris s thatneed to +e managed Spreadsheets demand an initial in*estment in time and effort N +ut the re(ardsare there for those (ho ta e ad*antage Good design reAuires sound .udgement +ased oncompetence deri*ed from adeAuate training and experience N not .ust computer programs

H


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F"m-l-"r-s"t-on

O1tl-ne descr-/t-on)here are many different (ays to present structural concrete calculations M"alcs9 should demonstratecompliance (ith rele*ant design codes of practice, +ut different designers (ant to in*estigate differentcriteria and (ant to set out calculations in different (ays Spreadsheets cannot satisfy e*eryone )hespreadsheets presented here ha*e +een set out to co*er the criteria that may +e deemed Musual9 2t isincum+ent on the user to .udge (hether these criteria are pertinent and sufficient for the actual case inhand 2t is also incum+ent on the user to ensure that the inputs are correct and that outputs are of thecorrect order of magnitude

)he spreadsheets are intended to follo( normal design practice and cater for the design of lo( tomedium rise multi storey concrete framed +uildings Each type of element may +e designed in se*eraldifferent (ays, e g hori=ontal frame elements may +e designed using:

Element design: design of simple elements to BS 8110: Part 1 $#'

M)a+ular design9: design of elements +ased on moments and shears deri*ed from BS 8110: Part 1)a+les D 1# and D

3nalysis and design: design of elements +ased on moments and shears from analysis, e g su+frame analysis, em+odied (ithin the spreadsheets

Element des-gn)he element design spreadsheets illustrate the +asic principles of reinforced concrete design frominput material properties, dimensions, moments, shears and axial loads, etc )hey form the +asis ofelement design used in succeeding spreadsheets )he moments, shears and axial loads used should+e deri*ed from separate analysis $e g hand calculations, su+ frame analysis spreadsheet or otheranalysis pac age' @or further explanation the user is referred to BS 8110 or a num+er of standardreference (or s $11, 1#, 1D'

T"21l"r des-gn)he ta+ular design spreadsheets use )a+les D 1# and D from BS 8110: Part 1 to automate thederi*ation of design moments and shears )he use of these ta+les is, ho(e*er, restricted@or sla+s, BS 8110: Part 1, "lause D # , restricts the use of )a+le D 1# to (here:

2n a one (ay sla+, the area of a +ay $one span x full (idth' exceeds D0 m #

)he ratio of characteristic imposed loads, A , to characteristic dead loads, g does notexceed 1 #

)he characteristic imposed load, A , does not exceed %Im #, excluding partitions

3dditionally, for flat sla+s, there are at least three ro(s of panels of approximately eAual span inthe direction +eing considered

@or +eams, "lause D D, )a+le D is *alid only (here:

"haracteristic imposed loads, ; , do not exceed characteristic dead loads, G

>oads are su+stantially uniformly distri+uted o*er three or more spans

&ariations in span length do not exceed 1 of the longest span

2f design parameters stray outside these limits, the spreadsheets should +e used (ith caution

An"l3s-s "nd des-gn)o pro*ide for more general application, these *ersions com+ine su+ frame analysis (ith designSpreadsheets for one (ay sla+s, ri++ed sla+s, flat sla+s and +eams pro*ide po(erful design toolsSu+ frame analysis is used in the post tensioned concrete design spreadsheet

!


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)he flat sla+ spreadsheet is intended to +e used one direction at a time )he post tensioned concretedesign spreadsheet follo(s "oncrete Society )- D $1 ' and in*ol*es su+ frame analysis at *arious limitstates )he principles used are applica+le to +oth +eams and sla+s (ith either +onded or un+ondedtendons )he examples of the retaining (all and +asement (all spreadsheets are +ased on commonpractice

)he su+ frame analysis spreadsheet, -""#1 xls, may of course +e used alone $and the elementsdesigned +y other means such as -""11 xls'

Col1mn des-gn"olumn design is presented in, essentially, t(o different (aysQ either an amount of reinforcement isdetermined or the capacity of a section is chec ed N t(o *alid design approaches

Under -""11 Element esign xls $or -""11 xls for short', the amount of reinforcement is calculated$+y iterating to find the neutral axis depth in order to sol*e t(o simultaneous eAuations'

Under -"" # xls for single axis +ending and -"" D xls for t(o axis +ending, % < interaction chartsare deri*ed from presumed reinforcement arrangements 2ndi*idual load cases are chec ed againstthe capacity of the column (ith the *arious reinforcement arrangements

-"" 1 xls is set out so that the user may underta e a traditional column load ta e do(n, assessdesign moments and critical axis +efore calculating the amount of reinforcement reAuired

-""1# xls determines the capacity of an unsymmetrical reinforced column $or +eam'

Ot.ersther spreadsheets pro*ide for the design of pad foundations catering for one or t(o columns,

punching shear, stairs $either as single flights and single landings or flights and landings as in a staircore', small retaining (alls and +asement (alls


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Each spreadsheet may contain se*eral lin ed sheets $i e layers or pages' that deal (ith differentaspects of design )he sheet9s name on the sheet ta+ gi*es an indication of the content @or the morein*ol*ed spreadsheets, indi*idual sheets are de*oted to a full explanation of the design $(ithreferences for educational and *alidation purposes' or analysis, etc, and other sheets gi*e an a+ridged*ersion more in eeping (ith the reAuirements of experienced practising engineers @urther sheetsmay contain analysis calculations, data for graphs and calculation of reinforcement (eight 3ll

spreadsheets ha*e a %otes sheet (here disclaimers, status and re*ision histories relating to eachspreadsheet are incorporated $sheet names are differentiated +y the use of an appended exclamationmar '

Sheet ta+s$from -"" 1 xls'

)hose sheets (ith names in capitals are intended for printing out as design calculations: it is thesesheets that are printed out as examples in this guide ther sheets are a*aila+le to *ie( in thespreadsheets )hese may need to +e printed for chec ing purposes and parts of them, such as simple

design routines, may +e pasted into (ord processed calculations $see Printing , p1H')he spreadsheets are intended to +e as consistent as possi+le Generally, upper sheets consist ofcalculations, notes and (or ings as illustrated in the example +elo(, (hich gi*es an indication of thecontents of a typical spreadsheet )he first sheet consists of input, follo(ed +y results of analysis,design, (eight of reinforcement, analysis, detailed design (ith references, graph data and finally are*ision history

T3/-c"l s/re"ds.eet 6RCC% 57ls


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SP3%SUesign for sections of each span Spans D, ,

and H follo( onQ extraneous spans +lan ed out2nput of +ar si=e and lin si=e reAuired

5eightU"alculation of reinforcement

3nalysisU5or ings of the su+:frame analysiscarried out using moment distri+ution

B3-USho(ing design of reinforcement (ith reference

to code reAuirements Spans D, , and H follo(on from 1 and #

GrafU

ata for graphs in charts

weight

10


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%otesisclaimers, status and re*ision history of the

spreadsheet

T3/-c"l screen l"3o1ts*//er s.eets)he calculations are intended to mimic hand (ritten calculations as far as possi+le (ith a little moreexplanation +y (ay of references to codes and deri*ation of num+ers than (ould usually +e the casein normal su+missions Sheets intended for printing out are di*ided into three sections, calculations,operating instructions and (or ings )he output is intended to +e sufficient to allo( detailing, althoughthe designer should al(ays consider and allo( for rationalising reinforcement +oth (ithin and +et(eenelements )he example +elo( is from -""11 xls 2n this case, the sheet designs solid sla+s frommoments, shears, material data etc that are input +y the user 2nput cells are in +lue and areunderlined $so they can +e recognised in +lac and (hite *ersions'

)he cells under Operating Instructions contain help and error messages that are intended to help the

user (ith the correct operation of the spreadsheet )hey also contain *ariously chec s, print +oxesand com+o +oxes Box mar ers indicate (here chec s ha*e +een carried out and ha*e pro*edsatisfactory Print +uttons $+uttons (ith macros assigned to them' automatically print out thecalculation sheets pro*iding macros ha*e not +een s(itched off "om+o +oxes allo( choices +et(eenspecified options

)o the right hand side of many spreadsheets are intermediate calculations, data for graphs, etc )heseM(or ings9 are not considered *ital to understanding the calculation: they may nonetheless +e *ie(edand in*estigated M5or ings9 may also +e contained on supplementary sheets

11


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Spreadsheetfile name

Sheet ta+$Spreadsheet

"oncurrentsoft(are +eingused

Generally references toBS 8110 etc

Co !o"!o# used for automated choices

2nput cells are in +lue andare underlined $so they can+e recognised in +lac and(hite *ersions'

C"lc1l"t-ons)his is the area that (illprint out using theautomatic print +utton

O/er"t-ng-nstr1ct-onsGi*es messages, options,help messages, etc pertinentto the design

9ork-ngs


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Ot.er s.eets)hese sheets are not necessarily intended for printing out and may not +e understanda+le (ithoutreference to the printed calculations @or instance, in this case $from -"" # xls "alcs ' the % ero errors2n some spreadsheets, J 2&I0 results may arise and +e displayed 2n sheets intended for printing out,J 2&I0 indicates an error in or in*alid input 2n sheets of (or ings, they ha*e no rele*ance to the*alidity of the sheet or the spreadsheet as a (hole

Please note that in many cases, +ut not all, a *ery small *alue has +een used rather than =ero in orderto a*oid J 2&I0 $di*ide +y =ero' pro+lems in Excel, e g Z-"" D xls[ "ases BD:B8 (here2@$E-- -$GD',0 000001,GD' has +een used

+-nk-ng s/re"ds.eets

)o a*oid complications, lin s +et(een different spreadsheets ha*e not +een used %onetheless, forthe experienced user, lin ing pro*ides a po(erful tool )he results of one spreadsheet can +e lin edthrough to +ecome the input for another, or pro.ect data can +e auto loaded )his minimises theamount of input reAuired and at the same time reduces the scope for error in data transfers @orexample, the results of a +eam analysis can +e carried through to +eam design 3ny lin s created +ythe user are at his or her discretion

De4lect-onseflection chec s are +ased on span:depth criteria in the codes Estimates of actual deflections are

not yet a*aila+le (ithin the spreadsheets

An"l3s-s@ c"nt-le0er de4lect-ons "nd s1//ort rot"t-onSupport rotations are ignored Support rotation cannot +e determined except as part of a rigorousdeflection analysis -otations cannot +e easily deri*ed from moment distri+ution, and in any case,gross section slopes are of little or no *alue 2t is assumed that BS 81109s usual deemed to satisfy >Idchec s $Rrule of thum+T' are adeAuate

2f support rotations are expected to +e critical additional chec s should +e underta en

Screen resol1t-on)he spreadsheets ha*e +een de*eloped in 10# x !H8 resolution, so that their appearance (ill +eaccepta+le +et(een S&G3 $800 x H00' and 1#80 x 10# )hey (ill o+*iously (or in &G3 $H00 x 80',+ut higher resolutions are recommended

#

)he spreadsheets rely on Excel and the users/ systems +eing year #000 compliant

#1


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SPREADSHEETS TO BS 8 !

RCC Element Des-gn57ls

-""11 xls includes sheets for designing Solid sla+s, -ectangular +eams, ) +eams $and ri++ed sla+s' for +ending, Beam shear and "olumns (ith axial load and +ending a+out one axis

-""11 xls designs elements to BS 8110: Part 1, 1 ! 2t is assumed that loads, moments, shears,etc are a*aila+le for input from hand calculations or analysis from else(here 3 go*erning criterioncan +e deflectionQ span to depth ratios are used as per BS 8110: Part 1, "lause D H

S+AB:)his sheet allo(s for the design of a section of solid sla+ in a single simply supported span, in acontinuous span, at supports or in a cantile*er )hese choices ha*e a +earing on deflection limitationsand the user should choose the appropriate location from the com+o +ox to the right hand side )heuser may also choose to allo( for no or nominal compression steelQ this again affects deflectionfactors )o an extent the spreadsheet (ill automatically increase reinforcement in order to lo(erser*ice stresses and enhance allo(a+le span to depth ratios )he spreadsheet allo(s a certainamount of theoretical o*er stress as defined +y the user in cell

)he example is ta en from Designed and detailed $1 ' )he slight *ariance in reinforcementreAuirements is due to the spreadsheet allo(ing marginal o*er stress and allo(ing centres inincrements of # mm

RECT BEA :)his sheet designs rectangular +eams )he location of the +eam may +e either in a single simplysupported span, in a continuous span, at supports or in a cantile*er )hese choices ha*e a +earing ondeflection limitations and the user should choose the appropriate location from the com+o +ox to theright hand side

5hen considering span reinforcement, the spreadsheet (ill, (here necessary, automatically increasereinforcement in order to lo(er ser*ice stresses and enhance allo(a+le span to depth ratios 2nchec ing deflection, the sheet entitled -E")KBE3< includes t(o +ars of the specified reinforcementdiameter to deri*e a modification factor for compression reinforcement )he facility to specifyadditional compression reinforcement to enhance span to depth ratios is contained (ithin)EEKBE3s are input as line loads e g %Im # for a 0 m (ide +ay (ould +e input as #0 %Im

Ultimate and characteristic support reactions are gi*en at the +ottom of the sheet

ACTIONS:)his sheet includes charts sho(ing the elastic +ending moment diagram, redistri+uted momenten*elope, elastic shear forces and en*elope of redistri+uted shear forces )hese diagrams are +asedon data from the analysis underta en in 3nalysis at 1I#0 span points


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RCC$ One w"3 Sol-d Sl"2s 6A D 57ls )his spreadsheet analyses and designs $3 4 : 3nalysis and design' up to six spans of one (ay solidsla+s to BS 8110 using continuous +eam analysis )here is user input on each of the first four sheetsand choice of reinforcement for each span is implicit

AIN:)his single sheet consists of the main inputs, most of (hich should +e self explanatory

)he num+er of spans is altered +y entering or deleting data under > $m' Un(anted data cells areMgreyed out9 )he use of ", 6 or E can alter the characteristics of the end supports from cantile*er to

nife edge to encastre Extraneous data is highlighted in red or +y messages in red Under OperatingInstructions a num+er of chec s are carried out and pro+lems are highlighted

@or the purposes of defining load, the section is assumed to +e 1 00 m (ide 3t the +ottom of thesheet a simplistic loading diagram is gi*en to aid data chec ing Great care should +e ta en to ensurethis sheet is completed correctly for the case in hand 2t may pro*e prudent to (rite do(n expected*alues of +ending moments at each support do(n +efore progressing to 3")2 %S

Support reactions are gi*en at the +ottom of the sheet

ACTIONS:)his sheet sho(s +ending moment and shear force diagrams from the analysis underta en in

3nalysis )he user is reAuired to input the desired amount of redistri+ution to the initial moments in line# "ell ?1 allo(s three types of distri+ution according to the user/s preferences -eAuestingredistri+ution at a cantile*er produces a (arning message in the remar s column

SPANS:2n SP3%S the user is reAuired to choose top, +ottom and lin reinforcement for each span )he

amounts of +ending and shear reinforcement reAuired and chec s are deri*ed from detailedcalculations in Bar Un(anted cells are Mgreyed9 out

Unless o*er(ritten, reinforcement diameter specified for a support carries through +oth sides of thesupport, i e the diameter specified for the right hand support of a span carries o*er to the left handsupport of the next span 2t may +e possi+le to o+tain different num+ers of +ars each side of thesupport due to differences in depth or to comply (ith minimum 0 span steelQ practicality shoulddictate that the maximum num+er of +ars at each support should +e used

5ith regard to deflection, the area of steel reAuired, 3 s mm #Im, sho(n under 9eading , may ha*e +eenautomatically increased in order to reduce ser*ice stress, f s , and increase modification factors tosatisfy deflection criteria )he percentage increase, if any, is sho(n under Deflection 5ith respect tocantile*ers, neither compression steel enhancement nor consideration of rotation at supports isincluded

7ogging moments at ] span are chec ed and used in the determination of top steel in spans "arefulexamination of the Bending


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designers/ and detailers/ preferences, rationalisation, etc, etc )hey do not allo( for reinforcement insupporting +eams or for mesh

An"l3s-s:)his sheet details the moment distri+ution analysis carried out +ut is not necessarily intended forprinting out other than for chec ing purposes

B"r:)his sheet sho(s design calculations, complete (ith references to BS 8110 2t is not necessarilyintended for printing out other than for chec ing purposes 2n many instance ser*ice stress, f s , has+een set to 1 0 or 0 0001 %Imm # to a*oid pro+lems (ith di*ision +y =ero

Gr"4:)his sheet comprises data for graphs used on other sheets, particularly in 3")2 %S 2t is notnecessarily intended for printing out other than for chec ing purposes

D0


33/82

RCC$# R-22ed Sl"2s 6A D 57ls Using continuous +eam analysis, this spreadsheet analyses and designs up to six spans of ri++ed sla+to BS 8110 )here is user input on each of the first three sheets and choice of reinforcement for eachspan is implicit

AIN:)his single sheet consists of the main inputs (hich should +e self explanatory

)he num+er of spans is altered +y entering or deleting data under > $m' Un(anted data cells areMgreyed9 out )he use of ", 6 or @ can alter the characteristics of the end supports from cantile*er to

nife edge to fixed Extraneous data is highlighted in red or +y messages in red Under OperatingInstructions a num+er of chec s are carried out and any pro+lems are highlighted

@or the purposes of defining load the section under consideration is assumed to +e 1 00 m (ide 2t (ill+e seen from Bar that moments per metre are con*erted to moments per ri+, and calculations ofreinforcement areas reAuired etc , are +ased on moments and shear per ri+ Great care should +eta en to ensure this sheet is completed correctly for the case in hand 2t may pro*e prudent to (riteexpected *alues of +ending moments at each support do(n +efore progressing to 3")2 %S

"om+o +oxes to the right under Operating Instructions define minimum +ar si=es to +e used $e g atsupports +et(een ri+s' and (hether the user (ants to use lin s or not 2f lin s are reAuired these may+e either designed or nominal lin sQ the centres of nominal lin s can +e changed )o(ards the +ottom of the sheet a simplistic loading diagram is gi*en to aid data chec ing 3t the+ottom of the sheet, support reactions are gi*en


3nalysis )he user is reAuired to input desired amount of redistri+ution to the initial moments in line #H

"ell >1 allo(s three types of distri+ution according to the user/s preferences See edistri!utionunder Assu ptions ade on page 1

At so e future stage ight it !e possi!le in the spreadsheet to su arise reinforce ent and :hereand :h7 failures ha%e occurred

SPANS:2n SP3%S the user is reAuired to choose top, +ottom and lin reinforcement for each span )heamounts of +ending and shear reinforcement reAuired and chec s are deri*ed from detailedcalculations in Bar Un(anted cells are Mgreyed9 out

)he reinforcement diameter specified for a support carries through +oth sides of the support, i e the

diameter specified for the right hand support of a span carries o*er to the left hand support of the nextspan 2t should +e noted that hogging moment is chec ed +oth at the centre of support $solid section'and the solidIri+ intersection $ri++ed section' 3s the moments at the solidIri+ intersection each side ofthe support may differ, it may +e possi+le to o+tain a design gi*ing different num+ers of +ars each sideof the support Practicality should dictate that the maximum num+er of +ars at each support is used fordetailing

7ogging moments at ] span positions (ithin a span are chec ed and are used in the determination oftop steel in spans

9EIGHT:5E2G7) Gi*es an estimate of the amount of reinforcement reAuired in one direction of the sla+ per

ri+ and per sAuare metre Simplified curtailment rules, as defined in BS 8110: Part 1, "lause D 1#, areused in the determination of lengths of +ars )he figures should +e treated as approximate estimates

D1


34/82

only as they cannot deal (ith the effects of designers/ and detailers/ preferences, rationalisation, etc,etc )hey do not allo( for reinforcement in supporting +eams or for mesh

An"l3s-s:)his sheet details the moment distri+ution analysis carried out 2t is not necessarily intended forprinting out, other than for chec ing purposes

B"r:)his sheet sho(s design calculations, complete (ith references to BS 8110 2t is not necessarilyintended for printing out other than for chec ing purposes 2n spans, ser*ice stress, f s , may +e reducedto satisfy deflection criteria 2n many instances, minima of 1 0 or 0 0001 ha*e +een used to a*oidpro+lems (ith di*ision +y =ero

Gr"4:)his sheet comprises data for graphs used on other sheets, particularly in 3")2 %S 2t is notnecessarily intended for printing out other than for chec ing purposes

D#


35/82

RCC$$ Fl"t Sl"2s 6A D 57ls-""DD xls analyses and designs +ays of simple rectangular flat sla+s to BS 8110: Part 1 )hespreadsheet uses su+ frame analysis (ith pattern loading to calculate a +ending moment en*elope)his en*elope may +e su+.ected to redistri+ution

@or a complete rectangular flat sla+ the user is expected to use the spreadsheet at least four times$internal +ay$s' x x, internal +ay$s' y y, edge +ay$s' x x and edge +ay$s' y y' Punching shearshould +e chec ed using -""1D xls

)he spreadsheet does not currently allo( for holes or drops $may+e next time ' 2f holes areconsidered critical then the user is directed to(ards using -""#1 xls $su+ frame analysis' andallo(ing for holes in +readths used See also "lause D ! )he single load case of all spans loaded$"lause D # D' is not used Beyond panel aspect ratios of 1 consideration might +e gi*en to theappropriateness of using other forms of analysis $e g grillage or finite element'

)he example emulates the design used on the in situ +uilding of the European "oncrete BuildingPro.ect $E"BP' at B-E "ardington, $al+eit that on the E"BP f c L D0 %Imm # and f y L 00 %Imm # (ereused'

AIN:)his sheet pro*ides the main inputs to the spreadsheet $although other inputs occur in other sheets'


36/82

)o the right under Operating instructions a num+er of chec s are carried out Box mar ers indicate(here chec s ha*e +een carried out and pro*ed satisfactory


3nalysis )he user is reAuired to input the desired amount of redistri+ution to the initial moments in line#H "ell >1 allo(s three types of distri+ution according to the user/s preference

)he sheet also pro*ides output reactions and column moments Using the *alue of & eff for punchingshear o+*iates the need to use the 1 1 , 1 # and 1 factors in "lause D ! H # to determine & eff from & t

SPANS:SP3%S details the amounts of reinforcement reAuired deri*ed from detailed calculations in Bar

+EGEND:>EGE% gi*es an explanation of the dimensions used in


37/82

RCC% Cont-n1o1s Be"ms 6A D 57ls)he spreadsheet designs multiple span rectangular or flanged +eams using su+ frame analysis toderi*e moments and shears )he intention is to pro*ide the design and analysis of up to six spans ofcontinuous +eams (ith columns a+o*e and +elo( Spans may incorporate cantile*ers, fixed ends or

nife edge supports )here are three main sheets:


38/82

9e-g.t:)his sheet estimates the (eight of reinforcement in the +eam (hen designed according to normalcurtailment rules as defined in BS 8110 5or ings are sho(n on the right hand side of the sheet )heestimate may +e printed out using @ileIprint or the print +utton on the normal tool+ar 2t should +erecognised that different engineers/ and detailers/ interpretations of these clauses, and different pro.ectcircumstances and reAuirements (ill all ha*e a +earing on actual Auantities used

An"l3s-s:)his sheet sho(s the moment distri+utions used in the analysis of the +eam: it is not intended forformal printing 2t (ill +e seen that the loads are considered initially as 1 0g o*er all spans then as$ fg 1 0'g X fAA o*er alternate spans

B"r:2ntended mainly for first time users and young engineers, this sheet gi*es further details of thecalculations summarised in SP3% Support moments are considered at faces of supportsQ chec s at ]span relate to hogging and any top steel reAuired is pro*ided in the span

Gr"4:)his sheet pro*ides data for the charts in


39/82

RCC%# Post tens-oned Sl"2s Be"ms 6A D 57ls )his spreadsheet designs post tensioned sla+ and +eam elements in accordance (ith BS 8110:Part 1, 1 ! 2n essence the spreadsheet chec s a num+er of parameters: stresses at transfer,stresses in ser*ice, moments of resistance at U>S, shear, *i+ration, deflection, neutral axis depth, andreinforcement ser*ice stress )hese chec s are sho(n in SU


40/82

or 8 outdoors for the U6 ther data used in the determination of *arious concrete factors, e gdetermination of creep factors, is sho(n on the right hand side of the sheet )hese factors are casespecific and ha*e +een deri*ed from the +est a*aila+le data for the *arious parameters sho(n )heformulae for calculating creep factors and free shrin age strain are from "4"3 paper ) 7 #D 1 $1!' ,and use the follo(ing factors

6 + is a factor depending on the composition of the concrete, 6 c is an en*ironmental factor, 6 d is a maturity factor, 6 e is an effecti*e mem+er thic ness factor, and 6 t co*ers the de*elopment of the deferred deformation (ith time

@actors used in the deri*ation of material data are used in this screen dump from thespreadsheets

BS ' * able $(2

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$! 0 # H ! 10 D 1# # 1D ! 1H # 18

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$* * #(2 .(' 2(2 #(# '( 2*( 23(2 2#(##* * ($ 2(. '( 22(2 2#( 2.(3 3 ( 33(.$* * #(2 .(' 2(2 #(# '( 2*( 23(2 2#(#

+ongterm 4c1 -n4 Et -n4 %! #85!!

EAR+ STRENGTH +ATE STRENGTH1 0 8 8 0 H0 0 100

%! #D # # # D #&5!% %! D8 0 1 1

c R el"t-0e H1m-d-t3 4"ctor 3* 3# $* $# #* ## %* %# .* .#3(2 3( 3 3(*# 2(-# 2('# 2(.. 2(%# 2(# 2(3 2( 3

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S an 00 0 0 !# 0 !0 0 011 H !5( )S an 2 00 0 0 !# 0 !0 0 011 H !5( )S an 3 J 2& I0U J 2&I0U J 2&I0U J 2&I0U J 2& I0U J 2&I0U DI?;!:

c Free S.r-nk"ge Str"-n$* $# #* ## %* %# .* .# '* '#

$2* $*# 3'* 3%* 33* 3*# 2.# 2$3 2*# %20 D80 DH0 #0 0 $8!

e 4"ctor 4or S.r-nk"ge* #* ** #* 2** 2#* 3** 3#* $** $#*

( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (S an 00 0 0 0 1D 0 0D! H !5&%8S an 2 00 0 0 0 1D 0 0D! H !5&%8S an 3 J 2& I0U J 2&I0U J 2&I0U J 2&I0U J 2& I0U J 2&I0U DI?;!:

*lt-m"te S.r-nk"ge Str"-n Bend-ng! !5 !5# !5$ !5% !5& !5' !5( !58

*(2% *(2% *(2% *(2% *(2% *(2% *(2% *(2% *(2% *(-$ ' *(-$ ' *(-$ ' *(-$' *(-$ ' *(-$' *(-$ ' *(-$ ' *(-$ '

cs 2*'(- 2*'(- 2*' (- 2*' (- 2*' (- 2*'(- 2*' (- 2*' (- 2*'(-23(3*3- Ec 2' 2' H 2(3$%2 Ec '(3%..

*lt-m"te S.r-nk"ge Str"-n PrestressS an S an 2 S an 3

*(3 *(3 *(3 *(-33# *(-33# *(-33#

cs 2*.( 2*.( D8I9=*

D8


41/82

etails of strand used in the U6 are gi*en at the +ottom of the sheet Users should ensure that theirchosen strand is readily a*aila+le Post"tensioned concrete floors $1H' gi*es typical *alues for $coefficient of friction', 6 $(o++le factors', -el $relaxation' and dra( in $mm' in )a+les # H and ! 1

2t is usually assumed that (or ing loads are applied at a concrete age of H0 days $user input' )heAuasi permanent imposed load should +e assessed from the # factor in E"#, (hich is usually #0 of

imposed load for d(ellings, D0 for offices and stores, and H0 for par ing $ One ne%er tausts for the %er7 different creep %alues+ 9ence )0= is appropriate for a ore or less

per anentl7 loaded structures? the high %alue for par


42/82

E7tr"ct 4rom S* AR --

S@MM&R ii endons Jbonded rein4orce ent

:a< E)8O)S 7A " 3* ;) 74=7i " -*(* 74=7A " '*(* ;))o o4 S R&)8S Su t S an Su t 2 S an 2 Su t 3 S an 3 Su t $Reco ended 23 23 23 2# 2# 2# * * *

@se 2$ 2$ 2$ 2$ 2$ 2$ * * *Reco end!d height 2-# $* $* *

Height 3** $* $'* $'* $* 3** 3** *6ength Straight #* #* #* * * *

1to a1Sag #3 .**% *7i ;) 2.%# 2.#- 2.#. 2.#. 2.#- 2.%# * * *

Balance 6oad ;) 2.'(* 3.(3 3#$(2 2% (2 *(* *(*74 ;) 2#* 2$-% 2$-3 2$-3 2$-% 2#* * * *

Balance 6oad ;) 2# (# 33#(' 32*($ 23%(2 *(* *(*

CHEC S !EFFICIE)C ! endons :a< O

Stresses at trans4er :b< O Stresses in ser ice :c< O

@6S MOR :d< O Shear :e< O

9ibration :4< O 8e4lection :g< O

)eutral a1is de th O Rebar stress O

G6OB&6 S & @S

2-#

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5ith regard to @endons the spreadsheet automatically calculates the num+er of tendons for each spanusing an algorithm )he algorithm uses either the maximum of the median stress le*els, or themaximum permitted )he spreadsheet calculates the minimum num+er of strands reAuired so thatpermissi+le concrete tensions are not exceeded at either the initial or final stage )hus the num+ers oftendons are then sho(n as recommended *alues, and the user can o*erride them if reAuired ncethe num+er of tendons for each span has +een fixed, the program attempts to find an optimum singlele*el of initial prestress for all strands $this often appears to +e the maximum permissi+le' 2f theminimum force reAuired generates excessi*e compressi*e stresses, the section is deemed to ha*efailed

)endons are assumed to +e le*el through supports and follo( a para+olic profile +et(een )he pointsof inflection are ta en to +e at 1I10 of the clear span points

Besides num+er of tendons, the main user control is to ad.ust the *alue of P f I P i )his ad.usts thenum+er of tendons ne (ould rarely need to ad.ust tendon heights

)he chec s carried out are listed +elo(

)endons $a' Stresses at transfer $+' Stresses in ser*ice $c'

U>S < - $d' Shear $e' &i+ration $f' eflection $g' %eutral axis depth -e+ar stress

2n the spreadsheet, those that are unsatisfactory are highlighted and directions are gi*en for furtherinformation

)here are also t(o charts )he Mefficiency9 chart gi*es the user an idea of ho( hard the section is(or ing or ho( far it is out )he second chart, ultimate limit state moment en*elope and moments ofresistance $capacity', should +e used in con.unction (ith choosing amounts of +onded reinforcement

0


43/82

)he third page $SUS sho(s detailed calculations regarding section properties, distri+ution

factors, moment distri+ution used for the su+ frame analysis, profiling constants, pre stressing losses,+alanced loads, U>S moment and shear chec s, and finally *i+ration

DEF+ECT:)he deflection sheet gi*es details of calculations dealing (ith defections )he sheet entitled Grafsho(s graph data extracted from each sheet

T PICA+C:)his sheet is intended to illustrate typical calculations for a particular point in a span in order to sho(ho( all the criteria are satisfied )he sheet illustrates the transfer and ser*ice stress chec s and thecalculation of


44/82

RCC& Col1mn +o"d T"ke down Des-gn57ls "on*entional column load ta e do(ns +y hand can +e time consuming )his spreadsheet emulatescon*entional column design to BS 8110 $#' +y pro*iding on separate sheets: load ta e do(n from inputsof location, dimensions, le*els and loads to gi*e design axial loads and moments per floor -"" 1 xlsis intended as a stand alone column design spreadsheet for use (hen a su+ frame analysis is nota*aila+le or is un(arranted 3s in " >Uoad distri+ution according to BS 8110: Part 1, "lause D 8 # D, i e reaction factors of _ are used

for loads from ad.acent spans rather than results of analysis or using shear force factors fromBS 8110: Part 1 )a+les D andIor D 1#

%o dou+le counting of floor sla+s due to allo(ances for floor sla+s in design of, thereforereactions from, edge +eams spanning parallel to floor sla+ span

3s a default the le*el (ith maximum axial load (ith concurrent maximum moment, i e the +ottomle*el, is chosen for consideration in ES


45/82

Some input $highlighted in magenta' defaults to *alues from other sheets @or instance columndimensions are input in " ES )he user may immediately see (hether the design is *ia+le or not andchange dimensions accordingly )hese cells are not protected so can +e o*er(ritten: 2ew"re

@or troughed sla+s use topping thic ness and aggregate (idth of ri+s (ith (idth of +eam

-eduction factors for li*e load to according to BS HD : Part 1$1 '

"lause # are automatically appliedto axial load unless specified other(ise

DES NTS:)he +asic design procedure is co*ered in BS 8110: Part 1 "lause D 8 2n order to determine designmoments se*eral inputs are reAuired:

&alues of for +raced and un+raced columns, see "lause D 8 1 H and )a+les D 1 and D #0 assho(n +elo(

T"2le $5 ) ?"l1es o4 4or 2r"ced col1mns

End cond-t-on

"t to/

End cond-t-on "t 2ottom

# $

0 ! 0 80 0 0

# 0 80 0 8 0

$ 0 0 0 1 00

T"2le $5#! ?"l1es o4 4or 1n2r"cedcol1mns

End cond-t-on"t to/

End cond-t-on "t 2ottom

# $

1 #0 1 D0 1 0# 1 D0 1 0 1 80

$ 1 H0 1 80

% # #0

5hether the column is +raced or un +raced N see BS 8110: Part 1, "lause D 8 1 2n order to e*aluate % u= and thus 6 accurately, an initial assessment of the area of reinforcement,

3 s, is reAuired 3n indication of the pro+a+le percentage of reinforcement is gi*en $automation ofthis figure (ould cause a circular reference error in the spreadsheet' 2f 3 s is set at 0 theneffecti*ely 6 L 1, (hich is conser*ati*e $see BS 8110: Part 1, eAuation DD and definitions under"lause D 8 1 1'

CDES: 3s in " >U


46/82

@or simplicity, (here three or more +ars are reAuired in the top and +ottom of the section, a$rotationally' symmetrical arrangement of reinforcement is proffered, i e top and +ottom reinforcement(ith additional side +ars )he argument goes that using the critical axis method of BS 8110 todetermine areas of steel in +i axially +ent columns implies that the +ars are in the corners of theelement )herefore Madditional9 side +ars help ensure this is so "ounter arguments suggest these

additional +ars are unnecessary Bresaler/s load contour chec Z$< x . < ux '

/ $< y . < uy '

` 1 0, (here ' #ID / % . D%u=[, used in "P 110 $#0' is not adopted in this spreadsheet +ut may +e in*estigatedusing -"" D xls

)he use of ) 0s in such small columns (ould not normally +e ad*ocated 7o(e*er, the choice of)D#s (ould lead to the use of either H)D#s $ H , 6' or, using the $rotationally' symmetricalarrangement, 8)D# $! ! , no good' -eference to -"" D xls suggests that H)D# (ould satisfyBresaler/s load contour chec )he use of " concrete (ould ma e )D#s sufficient

Some input $highlighted in magenta' defaults to *alues from other sheets )hese cells are notprotected so can +e o*er(ritten: 2ew"re

+tdc"lcs:)his sheet sho(s (or ings for the load ta e do(n and is not necessarily intended for printing out otherthan for chec ing purposes >oad distri+ution (or s according to BS 8110: Part 1, "lause D 8 # D N

a#ial force in a colu n a7 !e calculated on the assu ption that !ea s and sla!s trans ittingforce into it are si pl7 supported +

St-44s:)his sheet sho(s (or ings for +eam and column stiffnesses and is not necessarily intended forprinting out other than for chec ing purposes

2n the determination of section properties, +eams are considered full height N +eam (idths arededucted from sla+ (idths


47/82

RCC Col1mn C."rt gener"t-on57ls)his spreadsheet generates axial load:design moment interaction charts for symmetrically reinforcedrectangular columns 2t chec s the capacity of the columns (ith *arious arrangements ofreinforcement against input load cases of axial load and 1n-"7-"l +ending

5ithin -""11 xls, " >U


48/82

RCC&$ Col1mn Des-gn57ls-"" D xls generates column design charts for symmetrically reinforced rectangular columns +enta+out two axes and chec s input load cases

-"" D xls also gi*es interaction charts, sho(ing axial load against moment for the critical axis forsymmetrical rectangular sections of specified si=e, strength and reinforcement arrangement )he usermay try different arrangements of reinforcement 2t also pro*ides designs for input load cases, (hichare plotted on the rele*ant x or y axis chart

-"" D xls ta es account of any side +ars

Bres"ler s lo"d conto1r c.eck@ P.-loso/.3 o4 des-gn 4or 2- "7-"ll3 2ent col1mns5hen preparing this spreadsheet, there (as some discussion a+out the interpretation of BS 8110 (ithrespect to +i axially +ent columns and the pro*ision of side +ars

@or simplicity, (here three or more +ars are reAuired in the top and +ottom of the section, it appears to+e common practice, in small to medium si=ed columns at least, to pro*ide a $rotationally' symmetricalarrangement of reinforcement, i e to pro*ide additional side +ars )he argument goes that using thecritical axis method of BS 8110 to determine areas of steel in +i axially +ent columns implies that the+ars are in the corners of the element )herefore Madditional9 side +ars help ensure that this is so

)here is a counter argument to suggest that the design procedure for +i axially +ent columns inBS 8110 ma es the precaution of adding additional side +ars unnecessary

-afiA $##' argues that the Bresaler/s load contour chec , as used in "P 110 $#0' should +e adopted toensure a safe design for +iaxially +ent columns other(ise designed to BS 8110, as sho(n +elo(

$< xI< ux ' X $< y I< uy ' ` 1 0, (here ' #ID X %ID%u=

)he pro.ect/s 3d*isory Group reAuested that this chec should +e included in the spreadsheets for+iaxially +ent columns

AIN:' and the spreadsheet decides (hich axis is dominant

H


49/82

RCC' B"sement 9"ll57ls)his spreadsheet designs simple retaining +asement (alls and is intended for (alls up to D m high2t is +ased on complying (ith BS 800#: 1 $ ' and BS 800 : 1 8H $#D' 2t may also +e used to design(alls to comply (ith "E"P # $H' and BS 800! $ ' )he spreadsheet has +een de*eloped (ith +oth the BS800# and the con*entional $"E"P #' methods in mind n +alance, the spreadsheet pro*idesreasona+le flexi+ility and in doing so, encourages the designer to employ hisIher o(n engineering

.udgement and interpretation of the codes

)he spreadsheet is intended to co*er only short (alls and to help /general/ engineers (ho, from timeto time, design retaining (alls as part of a (ider interest in structures, rather than the specialists )heD m (all height is an ar+itrary limit set for a short (all (hich is intended to co*er o*er 0 of thecases encountered in /general/ structural designs 3lthough many of the design principles still apply tohigher (alls, criteria such as (all mo*ements and the *alidity of the assumptions made $e g no (allfriction' reAuire further consideration and in*estigation

)he effects of compaction pressures can +e generated using idealised imposed I surcharged loads-esidual lateral pressure calculations (ere considered to +e too complicated to +e co*ered in thespreadsheet


50/82

suita+le to the design conditions Under Operating Instructions a num+er of chec s are carried out andpro+lems highlighted

3n estimate of reinforcement per metre length of (all and +ase is gi*en

@urther details a+out 3)3 can +e seen under the description for -""H# xls

STABI+IT :S)3B2>2)C calculates the o*erturning and restoring moments, sliding and resisting forces on asection together (ith ground +earing pressures and factors of safety @ailures are highlighted

@actors of safety against o*erturning and sliding are reAuired as input 3s noted in the sheet, (all andIor surcharge loads may ha*e sta+ilising effects By using the +oxes in column > the user should toggle+et(een maximum and minimum *alues to ascertain (orst case$s' $perhaps this (ill +e automatedsome time'

2n the case of sliding, (here sliding resistance of the +ase alone is insufficient, the user may choose,outside of the spreadsheet, to rely on a propping force through the +asement sla+

DESIGN:)he first page of this sheet ta+ulates moments and shears

2nput of eccentricity of *ertical load, reinforcement diameters and centres is reAuired for main +endingsteel on +oth internal and external faces and for trans*erse reinforcement )he spreadsheet (or s onthe principle of chec ing a proposed section and reinforcement arrangement rather than proposing anarrangement of reinforcement

)he second page details the design of +oth outer and inner parts of the +ase 3gain, the spreadsheet(or s on the principle of chec ing a proposed section, and input of +oth reinforcement diameter andcentres is reAuired for +oth main +ending and trans*erse reinforcement

9EIGHT:)his sheet sho(s the +uild up to the estimate of reinforcement (eight gi*en )he figures should +etreated as approximate estimates only as they cannot deal (ith the effects of designers/ and detailers/preferences, rationalisation, etc

D-"gr"ms:iagrams sho(s data for the charts used in other sheets +ut is not necessarily intended for printing

out other than for chec ing purposes

Cr"ck w-dt.:

)his sheet sho(s calculations to determine crac (idths in the (all 2t is not necessarily intended forprinting out, other than for chec ing purposes

8


51/82

RCC'# Ret"-n-ng 9"ll57ls-""H# xls designs simple retaining (alls (ith stems up to D 0 m high )he spreadsheet has +eende*eloped (ith +oth the BS 800# and the con*entional $"E"P #' methods in mind n +alance, thespreadsheet pro*ides reasona+le flexi+ility and, in doing so, encourages the designer to employ theiro(n engineering .udgement and interpretation of the codes 2t is +ased on complying (ith BS 800#:1 $ ' and BS 800 : 1 8H $#D' 2t may also +e used to design retaining (alls to complying (ith "E"P#$H' and BS 800! $ '

)he spreadsheet is intended to co*er only short (alls and to help /general/ engineers (ho, from timeto time, design retaining (alls as part of a (ider interests in structures rather than the specialists )heD 0 m (all height is an ar+itrary limit set for short (all (hich is intended to co*er o*er 0 of thecases encountered in general structural designs 3lthough many of the design principles still apply tohigher (alls, criteria such as (all mo*ements and the *alidity of the assumptions made $e g no (allfriction' reAuire further consideration and in*estigation @or instance, (ith reference to pressures, theengineer is expected to .udge +et(een using the default of a $acti*e coefficient' or inputting a largerfigure relating to o $at rest coefficient'

)he effects of compaction pressures can +e generated using idealised imposedI surcharged loads-esidual lateral pressure calculations (ere considered to +e too complicated to +e co*ered in thespreadsheet

Sta+ility analysis is done a+out the toe of the +ase $Sta+ility analysis ta en a+out toe of ni+ is ignoredQthe ni+ is a section stic ing do(n from general le*el of the +ase, and sta+ility analysis a+out its toegi*es strange ans(ers' Glo+al slope sta+ility chec s are not underta en in the spreadsheet andshould +e addressed using other means

2nput is reAuired on three sheets


52/82

@or the calculation of +earing pressures, all partial load factors are s(itched to unity and the designchec s are +ased on allo(a+le ground +earing pressure, i e the permissi+le stress approach )he+earing pressure is then factored up (ith the partial load factors adopted from a+o*e for the design ofconcrete +ase Bearing pressure is calculated using the concept of Mno tension9 eAuili+rium, i etriangular stress +loc s are used (hen eccentricity is outside the middle third

BS 800# has minimum surcharge and minimum unplanned exca*ation depth reAuirements 7o(e*erin the spreadsheet, the surcharge loads are set as input data )he minimum 10 %Im # limit in BS 800#has not +een used (ith the understanding that the BS 800# committee is considering reducing the 10

%Im# to H %Im# for D m high (alls

)he spreadsheet is +ased on a num+er of assumptions (hich should +e assessed as +eing true orerring on the safe side in each case )hese are:

5all friction is =ero 2)C calculates the o*erturning and restoring moments, sliding and resisting forces on asection together (ith ground +earing pressures and factors of safety @ailures are highlighted

-eAuired @actors of safety against o*erturning and sliding are reAuired as input 2n somecircumstances, some loads may ha*e sta+ilising effects By using the chec +oxes to s(itch loads offand on, (orse cases should +e in*estigated +y hand

@or sta+ility calculations, o*erall factor of safety is used instead of partial safety factors "nd 4-ll on t.ee7tern"l 4"ce o4 t.e w"ll -s -gnored5

3ll loads are assumed to +e static loads ynamic loads I *i+ration are not co*ered 7o(e*er, at thediscretion of the designer, dynamic effects may +e modelled +y factoring up static loads

)he eAuation for sliding assumes that passi*e pressure acts (ithout mo*ement )he user mayconsider that the situation is +etter modelled +y applying a partial safety factor to passi*e pressure atcell 6D

0


53/82

2dealisation, rounding errors and assuming a triangular pressure diagram $(hich is not strictly correct'may lead to theoretical inaccuracies


54/82

RCC( St"-r Fl-g.t +"nd-ng S-ngle57ls -""!1 xls designs simply supported flights and landings to BS 8110 2nput is reAuired on t(o sheets

F+IGHT:

)his single sheet consists of the input and main output 2nputs are in +lue and underlined and mostshould +e self explanatory

nly simply supported spans are catered for 2f flights are continuous (ith floors, the user shouldspecify continuity steel o*er supports as appropriate "alculations are done per metre (idth of flight2nput loads are assumed to +e characteristic and acting *ertically )hey should account for anyundercuts Self (eight, moments and reactions are calculated automatically )he area of steelreAuired, 3 sreA , may +e automatically increased to increase modification factors and satisfy deflectioncriteria 5here the stair flight occupies more than H0 of the span an increase in allo(a+le span todepth ratios of 1 is included in accordance (ith "lause D 10 # # %ominal top reinforcement may +especified in order to help o*ercome deflection pro+lems imensions are not chec ed for compliance(ith Building -egulations

Ultimate, characteristic dead and characteristic imposed reactions are gi*en +elo( the indicati*ediagram

+ANDING: 3gain, this single sheet consists of the input and main output 2nput defauls in magenta ha*e +eenderi*ed from @>2G7) +ut may +e o*er(ritten "alculations are done per metre (idth of landing

2nputs are underlined and most should +e self explanatory 3s defaults, (hich can +e o*er(ritten, thematerial data and characteristic flight reactions carry o*er from @>2G7) Self (eight, moments andreactions are calculated automatically )he maximum (idth of landing o*er (hich flight loads can +edispersed has +een restricted to 1 8 m in the spirit of "lause D 10 1 D -eactions are ultimate, +othtotal and per metre run )he area of steel reAuired, 3 s , can +e automatically increased to satisfy

deflection criteria

D-"s:ias calculates the reinforcement si=es and reinforcement percentages for deflection modification

factors used in @>2G7) and >3% 2%G

#


55/82

RCC(# St"-rs +"nd-ngs 1lt-/le57ls )his spreadsheet designs the flights and landings of a staircase in a stair core to BS 8110 2t isassumed that flights are supported on the landings and that the landings are simply supported on+earings at each end

STAIRCORE:)his single sheet consists of the input and main output 2nputs are in +lue and underlined and mostshould +e self explanatory imensions are not chec ed for compliance (ith Building -egulationsSimple supports are assumed "alculations are done per metre (idth of flight and landing 2nput loadsare assumed to +e characteristic and acting *ertically )hey should account for any undercuts 3llstairs are assumed to start from flight 1 Superfluous flights and landings are +lan ed out Self (eight,moments and reactions are calculated automatically 5here the stair flight occupies more than H0 ofthe span an increase in allo(a+le span to depth ratios of 1 is included in accordance (ith "lauseD 10 # # and, as (ith other spreadsheets, the area of steel reAuired may +e automatically increased tosatisfy deflection criteria Ultimate reactions per metre are gi*en

D-"s:ias calculates the reinforcement si=es and reinforcement percentages for deflection modification

factors used in S)32-" -E

D


56/82

RCC8 Fo1nd"t-on P"ds57ls)his spreadsheet designs simple pad foundations from input of material properties, dimensions andcharacteristic loads and moments Single column +ases and com+ined, dou!le +ases are catered foron separate sheets

3 diagram is pro*ided to illustrate the dimensions: a chart sho(ing scale plan *ie(s is pro*ided to helpensure gross errors are a*oided )he Mefficiency9 diagrams are pro*ided so that the user may gaugeho( hard the +ase is (or ing in respect to allo(a+le increase in ground +earing pressure, +endingand shear in the t(o axes together (ith a measure on punching shear capacity 2f the design is in*alid,this chart should help identify the pro+lem

)he spreadsheet does not allo( for punching shear lin s N +ending reinforcement is increased toensure allo(a+le shear, * c, is adeAuate )he user should note that punching shear perimeters can

.ump from +eing rectangular to +eing t(o or three sided, leading to unexpectedly large increases inreinforcement for increases in +ase thic ness 2nformation from BS 8110: Part 1, "lause D ! ! 8 and@igure D 1 has yet to +e fully incorporated in this spreadsheet

5arnings are gi*en if columns encroach (ithin 100 mm of an edge

SING+E:Suggestions are made, under the Operating Instructions column, for the optimum plan si=e of the+ase

5here t(o centres are gi*en, e g 1 )1H V #00 4 D# B#, the reinforcement is su+.ect to BS 8110:Part 1, "lause D 11 D # and different centres are reAuired, +ars need to +e grouped closer in thecentral part of the +ase

Det :)his sheet sho(s (or ings and is not necessarily intended for printing out other than for chec ing

purposes

3llo(a+le +earing pressure is ta en as an allo(a+le -ncre"se in +earing pressure and density ofconcrete N density of exca*ated material $i e soil ' is used in the calculations )he program assumesthat pads are em+edded to depth 7 in the soil 3 # o*er stress is allo(ed (here load cases include(ind loads

esign moments are generally those at the face of the column Both sides of the column are chec edfor moment in each direction to ensure maxima are identified Shear enhancement is allo(ed for +oth+eam and punching shear

%either crac (idths, factors of safety against sliding, nor (ater ta+les are catered for 5here resultanteccentricities are outside the +ase a (arning message is gi*enQ the general status message isupdated as (ell @actors of safety against o*erturning are chec ed $minimum 1 ' 5arnings are alsogi*en at the onset of an uplift situation

DO*B+E:2n addition to graphs sho(ing plan layout and Mefficiency9, this sheet gi*es moment diagrams for thet(o principal axes esign moments are ta en at the edge of +oth column sections

Suggestions are made, under the Operating Instructions column, for the optimum plan si=e of the +aseand eccentricities gi*en the column offsets from one another

)he user/s attention is dra(n to the fact that the analysis is done in t(o orthogonal directions 5hencolumn eccentricities are large in +oth directions the analysis may not account adeAuately for local

effects $e g +ottom cantile*er moments on t(o sides of each column N loads in opposite corners gi*es+ottom moments of 0 %m' 2n such cases, it may +e +etter to change the orientation of the +ase insuch a (ay that eccentricity in one direction is minimal 5arnings a+out dou+le eccentricities are gi*en


57/82

(hen the distances +et(een column centrelines exceed 1 of the rele*ant +ase dimension in eachorthogonal direction "omparison (ith @E analysis suggests this is reasona+le so long as the +ase isthic and rigid

Det#:)his sheet sho(s (or ings and is not necessarily intended for printing out other than for chec ingpurposes

)he notes for et a+o*e also apply

+egends:)his sheet sho(s dimensions, axes, corners and notation used

Gr"4:)his sheet comprises data for graphs for +oth S2%G>E and UB>E


58/82

RCC) One w"3 Sol-d Sl"2s 6T"2les 57ls

esign is often underta en using the moment and shear factors ta en from BS 8110: Part 1, )a+lesD andIor D 1# )his series of spreadsheets uses factors for moment and shear +ased on theseta+les

-"" 1 xls designs simple one (ay solid sla+s to BS 8110 @or three or more spans they use momentand shear factors from )a+le D 1# )he use of these factors is go*erned +y "lause D ! # ! $single loadcase and the conditions of "lause D # D are met +ays \ D0 m #, A \ 1 # g , A \ 0 %Im # and atleast three +ays of approximately eAual span $the corresponding factors for +eams also restrict use ofthe factors to (here spans differ +y no more than 1 of the maximum span'' 5here the rele*antconditions are not met, users are directed to(ards -""D1 xls (here continuous +eam analysiso*ercomes many of these ca*eats

)he design of single and t(o span sla+s is also possi+le )he factors used for t(o span sla+s should+e considered su+.ect to the same conditions as for using the factors from )a+le D 1# of BS 8110

AIN:

)his single sheet consists of the input and main output 2n itself it should pro*e adeAuate for the designof the simplest one (ay solid sla+ designs 3 nominal 1 m (ide strip of sla+ is considered

2nputs are underlined and most should +e self explanatory End support condition determines thefactors applied for +ending Simple charts sho( the spans, loads and indicati*e +ending moments)he factors from )a+le D 1# gi*e rise to a single load case that has +een su+.ect to #0 redistri+ution:a +ending moment en*elope is inappropriate and the diagram is therefore indicati*e only )he factorsused are gi*en in the ta+le +elo(

Coe44-c-ent Ends1//orts

Ends/"ns

F-rst -nts1//orts

Inter-or s/"ns

Intern"ls1//orts

Bend-ngSimple support 1 span 0 00 0 1# K K K

# span 0 00 0 08H 0 100 K K

D span etc 0 00 0 0! 0 08H 0 0HD $0 0HD'

"ontinuous support 1 span 0 0 0 0 10 K K K

# span 0 0 0 0 0HH 0 100 K K

D span etc 0 0 0 0 0! 0 08H 0 0HD $0 0HD'

S.e"r

1 span 0 0 K K

# span 0 H 0 H0 K

D span etc 0 H 0 H0 0 0

)he factors used are +ased on continuous end supports )he t(o span factors (ere deri*ed +ymodelling the appropriate num+er of spans (ith a single loadcase of %Im dead and %Imimposed and allo(ing any one span to +e 1 less than the input length $strictly according to BS 8110this is applica+le to +eams only'

)he area of steel reAuired, 3 s , may +e automatically increased to reduce ser*ice stress, f s , and toincrease modification factors to satisfy deflection criteria )he option in line # to ha*e top steel inspans influences modification factors used in deflection calculations

3s most contractors prefer prefa+ricated reinforcement mats might +e considered

H


59/82

)o the right of the sheet are calculations 3n approximate reinforcement density is gi*en

9e-g.t:5eight gi*es an estimate of the amount of reinforcement reAuired in a sla+ Simplified curtailmentrules, as defined in "lause D 1# are used to determine lengths of +ars )he figures should +e treatedas approximate estimates only as they cannot deal (ith the effects of designers/ and detailers/preferences, rationalisation, the effects of holes etc, etc 2t excludes supporting +eams, trimming toholes etc )o the right of the sheet are calculations of length, etc

Gr"4:)his sheet comprises data for graphs used in


60/82

RCC)# R-22ed Sl"2s 6T"2les 57ls )his spreadsheet designs simple single , t(o span and multiple span ri++ed sla+s to BS 8110: Part 1using the moment and shear factors in, or in the case of single and t(o spans, consistent (ith )a+leD 1# of BS 8110 )he use of factors from )a+le D 1# is go*erned +y "lause D ! # ! as follo(s

3 single load case is assumed and the "onditions of D # D are met

+ays \ D0 m #,

A >/ 1 # g ,

A >/ 0 %Im# and

at least three +ays are of approximately eAual span

)he corresponding factors for +eams also restrict use of the factors to (here spans differ +y nomore than 1 of the maximum span

)he factors used for t(o span sla+s should +e considered su+.ect to these same conditions )hey(ere deri*ed +y modelling the appropriate num+er of spans (ith a single load case of %Im # deadand %Im # imposed, and allo(ing any one span to +e 1 less than the input length $strictlyaccording to BS 8110 this is applica+le to +eams only' )he factors used are +ased on continuous endsupports

5here the rele*ant conditions are not met, users are directed to(ards -""D# xls (here continuous+eam type analysis o*ercomes many of these ca*eats

AIN:)his single sheet consists of the input and main output 2n itself it should pro*e adeAuate for thesimplest ri++ed sla+ designs 2nputs are underlined and most should +e self explanatory

)he option to ha*e top steel in spans or not has +earings on (hether shear lin s can +e

accommodated and on deflection calculations )he option to ha*e lin s, minimal $or nominal' lin s orno lin s is a matter of choice for the designer


61/82

Coe44-c-ent Ends1//orts

Ends/"ns

F-rst -nt5s1//orts

Inter-ors/"ns

Intern"ls1//orts

Bending 1 span 0 0 0 0 1# K K K# span 0 0 0 0 08H 0 100 K K

D span etc 0 0 0 0 0! 0 08H 0 0HD 0 0HD

Shear 1 span 0 0 K K# span 0 H 0 H0 KD span etc 0 H 0 H0 0 0

)he factors used are +ased on continuous end supports )he t(o span factors (ere deri*ed +ymodelling the appropriate num+er of spans (ith a single load case of %Im dead and %Imimposed and allo(ing any one span to +e 1 less than the input length $strictly according to BS 8110this is applica+le to +eams only'

DETAI+S:E)32>S gi*es t(o pages of detailed calculations and references to BS 8110 .ustifying the output in


62/82

RCC)$ Fl"t Sl"2s 6T"2les 57ls

)his spreadsheet designs simple rectangular flat sla+s to BS 8110: Part 1 using moment and shearfactors from )a+le D 1# )he use of these factors is also go*erned +y "lause D ! # ! as sho(n +elo(

3 single load case is assumed

)he conditions of D # D are met+ays \ D0m #,

A >/ 1 # g ,

A >/ 0 %Im# andat least three +ays of approximately eAual span

)he corresponding factors for +eams also restrict use of the factors to (here spans differ +y nomore than 1 of the maximum span

5here the rele*ant conditions are not met, users are directed to(ards -""DD xls (here su+ frameanalysis o*ercomes many of the ca*eats made in the code restricting the use of +ending moment andshear factors from )a+le D 1#

)he spreadsheet does not currently allo( for holes or drops 2f holes are considered critical then theuser is directed to(ards using -""#1 xls $su+ frame analysis' and allo(ing for holes in +readthsused %ote should also +e made of "lause D ! Punching shear can +e chec ed using -""1D xls

2t does not cater for single or t(o span cases

AIN:)his single sheet consists of the input and main output 2n itself it should pro*e adeAuate for thesimplest flat sla+ designs


63/82

9e-g.t:5eight gi*es an estimate of the amount of reinforcement reAuired in a sla+ Simplified curtailmentrules, as defined in "lause D 1# are used to determine lengths of +ars )he figures should +e treatedas approximate estimates only as they cannot deal (ith the effects of designers/ and detailerspreferences/, rationalisation, the effects of holes etc, etc 3dditional lin carrier +ars are not included

d-": And d-":2n these sheets each +ending moment is designed using a different si=e +ar $(ith different effecti*edepths, d' )he largest +ar $i e minimum num+er of +ars' consistent (ith maximum specified diameterand maximum spacing rules is identified and used in E)32>S )hus a least +ars solution is gi*en)he Fdia and Cdia pages find the maximum diameter that can +e used (hile complying (ith spacingrules )he sheet finds (hich of "lause D 1# 11 # ! $a' or $+' applies )his has Auite a dramatic effecton rationality of the +ars and spacings 3 detailer can al(ays reduce +ar diameters andIor close upspacing if he or she (ishes pro*ided that o*erall areas of steel are at least maintained

H1


64/82

RCC)% Two w"3 Sl"2s 6T"2les 57ls )his spreadsheet designs restrained t(o (ay solid sla+s in accordance (ith BS 8110: Part 1 usingmoment and shear factors from eAuations 1 to #0 $i e )a+les D 1 and D 1 ' 2nput is reAuired on thefirst t(o sheets

AIN:)his single sheet consists of the input and main output 2n itself it should pro*e adeAuate for the designof restrained t(o (ay sla+s 2nputs are underlined and most should +e self explanatory

Self (eight, moment and shear factors are calculated automatically )he use of the factors is alsogo*erned +y "lause D D $similar loads on ad.acent spans, similar spans ad.acent' 5here therele*ant conditions are not met, users are directed to(ards "lause D D H or alternati*e methods ofanalysis $e g su+ frame analysis' 5hilst ultimate reactions to +eams are gi*en, shear per se is notchec ed as it is *ery rarely critical

)he dimension l y must +e greater than l x: +ays (here l x \ l y are in*alid 2t is recognised that B1 can +eparallel to l y and the user should specify in (hich layers the top and +ottom reinforcement are located$see DD and 7DD' 2n line D# the user is as ed to specify the diameter of reinforcement to +e used)his reinforcement should +e pro*ided at the reAuired centres in accordance (ith "lause D D $1' to$H' $


65/82

RCC)& Cont-n1o1s Be"ms 6T"2les 57ls

)he spreadsheet designs multiple span rectangular or flanged +eams 2t uses design ultimate +endingmoment and shear force factors from )a+le D of BS 8110: Part 1 3s such its use should +e limited,as defined +y "lause D D, to (here:

; >/ G Uniform loads are placed &ariations in span ` 1 l max

)he intention is to pro*ide the design of a simple continuous +eam on one sheet of 3

AIN:)he input reAuirements are self explanatory 3ns(ering RCT to Support in alt la7er (ill incur additionalco*er to top +ars at supports $of the same si=e as those +eing designed at that location' to allo( for+eams in the other direction Users should ensure effecti*e depths, d, are correct $see E)32> 1 ,etc '

)he choice +et(een rectangular, > or ) +eam is made *ia a com+o +ox to the right hand side

5hen considering span reinforcement, the spreadsheet (ill, (here necessary, automatically increasereinforcement in order to lo(er ser*ice stresses and enhance allo(a+le span to depth ratios )hediagrams for loading and for +ending moment are indicati*e only $the moment factors in )a+le D donot gi*e rise to a moment en*elope'

)he example is ta en from Designed and detailed $1 '

DETAI+:@or first time users and young engineers, further detail of the calculations underta en is gi*en on thesheet named E)32> , pages # and D of the print out

9e-g.t:)his sheet estimates the (eight of reinforcement in the +eam (hen designed according to normalcurtailment rules as defined in BS 8110 )he estimate is repeated at the +ottom of


66/82

SPREADSHEETS TO EC#

E1rocode # 3t the time of (riting $3ugust 1 ', (e are ad*ised that the +ase document, Eurocode #: Design ofconcrete structures, Part 1 Heneral rules and rules for !uildings , E%& 1 # 1 1: 1 # $D' is due forre*ision into an E% in the near future )he spreadsheets presented here are in accordance (ith thisdocument +ut de*elopment of other spreadsheets has not perhaps +een as extensi*e as firsten*isaged %onetheless, the spreadsheets presented here co*er all the fundamental elements of insitu concrete and should gi*e users a good understanding of the current E%& and pro*ide the +asis foran understanding of the final E% document

2t is hoped that the production of spreadsheets to the final *ersion of E"# (ill +e possi+le at some laterdate

Eurocode # , Design of concrete structures , has not +een (idely adopted +y U6 industry )he processof con*erting to a ne( design "ode of Practice is slo( and expensi*e, and E"# (ill +e adopted only(hen there is commercial ad*antage in doing so


67/82

Fr"me "n"l3s-s)here are slightly differences in the partial safety factors for loads E%& 1 # uses factors of 1 D fordead loads and 1 for imposed loads "orresponding *alues in BS 8110 are 1 and 1 H

Sect-on "n"l3s-s

)he spreadsheets ta e a pragmatic approach to the design of sections to E%& 1 # )hus a simplifiedrectangular stress +loc , @igure , is used $and particularly in the case of columns, not the morecomplicated consideration of strains in @igure 11'

>e*er arm, = is restricted to 0 x effecti*e depth )his limit is deri*ed from BS 8110 and a*oidsdangers associated (ith theoretically o*er shallo( neutral axis depths

Red-str-21t-on o4 moments -n cont-n1o1s str1ct1resE"# permits redistri+ution of moments in non s(ay structures su+.ect to the maintenance ofeAuili+rium +et(een the distri+uted moment and applied loads )he maximum redistri+uted moment tothe moment +efore the distri+ution is limited to !0 3fter distri+ution the limit is 8

S.e"r 3pplied shear force $& sd ' is compared (ith three *alues for the resistance $& -d '

&-d1 represents the shear capacity of concrete aloneQ & -d# is the shear resistance determined +y thecapacity of the notional concrete strutsQ and & -dD is the capacity of a section (ith shear reinforcement

De4orm"t-on)he E%& 1 # span depthIratio chec is similar to that in BS 8110 @or each type of mem+er, itpro*ides t(o *alues, one for highly stressed mem+ers and another for lightly stressed mem+ers 2nthis context, mem+ers (ith less than 0 reinforcement are considered lightly stressed mem+ers,and mem+ers (ith 1 reinforcement are considered highly stressed


68/82

RCCe Element Des-gn57ls-""e11 xls includes sheets for designing

Solid sla+s -ectangular +eams and ) +eams $and ri++ed sla+s' for +ending Beam shear "olumns (ith axial load and +ending a+out one axis

-""e11 xls designs elements to Eurocode #: Part 1: 1 # $D' 2t is assumed that loads, moments,shears, etc, are a*aila+le for input from hand calculations or from analysis from else(here Span todepth ratios and other /+oxed/ *alues are ta en from the U6 %ational 3pplication ocument $part ofreference D'

S+AB:)his sheet designs a section of solid sla+ in a single simply supported span, in a continuous end or

internal span, at supports or as a cantile*er 5or ings and references to clause num+ers are gi*en tothe right hand side of the sheet

2nput should +e self explanatory )erminology may differ from the BS 8110 *ersion: for instance theterm is the redistri+ution factor $i e 1 N redistri+ution percentageI100' "oncrete cylinder strength,f c , is changed using the com+o +ox to the right hand side

2n spans, the location of the section +eing designed has a +earing on deflection limitations, and theappropriate location should +e chosen from the com+o +ox to the right hand side Similarly, the usershould choose from the list of usage (d:elling, office.store, par


69/82

similarly choose from the list of usage (d:elling, office.store, par +eam

)he example is ta en from For is the rele*ant ultimateuniformly distri+uted load

)he sheet designs the lin s reAuired at the section considered 2f the +eam loading is considered to +e

uniformly distri+uted, the ultimate U >, n, can +e entered under n to gi*e the distance for (hich thisarrangement is reAuired +efore re*erting to nominal lin arrangement

CO+* N:)his spreadsheet designs symmetrically reinforced rectangular columns +ent a+out one axis (here+oth axial load, %, and maximum design moment, < x, are no(n 2t is +ased on E"# @igure and"lause # 1 D$1#' 2t iterates xIh to determine (here the neutral axis lies )he sheet includes stressand strain diagrams to aid comprehension of the final design 5or ings and references are sho(n tothe right hand side of the sheet

@or simplicity, (here three or more +ars are reAuired in the top and +ottom of the section, it isassumed that a symmetrical arrangement (ill +e reAuired for the side faces $see the argumentincluded (ithin the commentary for the BS 8110 *ersion, page #D'

2nput is self explanatory )he sheet assumes that the moment entered has already +een ad.usted, ifnecessary, for +i axial +ending $ see For


70/82

RCCe# S124r"me An"l3s-s57ls-""e#1 xls analyses su+ frames in accordance (ith Eurocode #: Part 1: 1 # $D'

Spans may +e of t(o different profiles to simulate *arying section inertia

2nputs are reAuired on t(o sheets

AIN:)his single sheet consists of the main inputs

+eams or + ( X 0 1 x span for ) +eams

Un(anted data cells are /greyed out9 )he use of ", 6, or E can alter the characteristics of a supportfrom cantile*er to nife edge to encastr -emote ends of columns at supports may +e J for fixed,other(ise and +y default, P for pinned Extraneous data is highlighted in red or +y messages in redBeneath Operating Instructions a num+er of chec s, mainly for missing entries, are carried out andany pro+lems are highlighted 3t the +ottom of the sheet there is a simplistic +ut scale arrangementand loading diagram )his is gi*en to aid data chec ing Great care should +e ta en to ensure that thissheet is completed correctly for the case in hand 2t may pro*e prudent to (rite do(n expected *aluesfor +ending moments at each support +efore progressing to 3")2 %S

Ultimate and characteristic support reactions are gi*en at the +ottom of the sheet

ACTIONS:)his sheet

163121388-guide-for-spreadsheets.pdf

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