17 framerelay

8/11/2019 17 FrameRelay

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E0192.168.3.1

LAN - 192.168.3.0/24

BANGLORE OFFICE

E0192.168.1.1

LAN - 192.168.1.0/24

HYDERABAD OFFICEE0192.168.2.1

LAN - 192.168.2.0/24CHENNAI OFFICE

HYD

CHE

BAN


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OSI Reference Model Frame Relay

Physical

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Application

EIA/TIA-232,EIA/TIA-449, V.35,X.21, EIA/TIA-530

Frame Relay

IP/IPX/AppleTalk, etc.


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Frame Relay is a data link layer

packet-switching protocol that uses digital circuits.

It is used for medium to longer distances and for

longer connectivity.

Leased lines also provide longer connectivity but a

physical circuit is used to make connection between

2 sites and the same circuit path is used always.

Frame Relay


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Full Mesh

Partial Mesh Hub & Spoke


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VCs overcome the scalability problems of

leased lines by providing multiple logical circuits over thesame physical connection.

Only one serial interface of a router is needed to handlethe VC connections to multiple sites Whereas usingleased lines multiple serial interfaces are needed toconnect to multiple sites.

VCs provide full connectivity at a much lower pricecompared to leased lines.

Frame Relay connections use logical circuits to make

connections between 2 sites. These logical circuits arereferred to as Virtual Circuits (VCs).

Multiple VCs can exist on the same physical connection. VCs are Full duplex

Advantages of Frame Relay


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Sub-interfaces

Uses Shared bandwidth Local Management interface(LMI):

used between the Frame relay DTE(eg.Router) and the

Frame Relay DCE(eg. Frame Relay switch)

Defines how the DTE interacts with the DCE

Locally significant

Provides VCs status information(a keep-alive

mechanism) LMI standards : Cisco, ANSI, Q933a

The DTE and DCE must have the same LMI signaling type

Frame Relay Terminology


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Data Link Connection Identifier(DLCI) : used to identify each VC on a physical interface

(i.e.) Each VC has a unique local address called a DLCI

number.

switch will map to the destination depending on the

DLCI number Inverse ARP is used to map DLCIs to next hop

addresses. Mapping can also be done manually. Its Locally significant. These numbers are given by the Frame relay service

providers, Service providers assign DLCIs in therange of 16 to 1007.



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Status Enquiry Status Enquiry

Local DLCI 100 = Active Local DLCI 400 = Active

Hello, I am 172.168.2.1

Hello, I am 172.168.2.2

FRAME RELAY MAP

172.168.2.2 DLCI 400 ACTIVE

FRAME RELAY MAP

172.168.2.1 DLCI 100 ACTIVE

Hello, I am 172.168.2.1

Keep Alive Keep Alive

DLCI 100 DLCI 400


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Virtual circuits are of two types:

Permanent Virtual Circuits

PVCs Switched Virtual Circuits SVCs

Permanent Virtual Circuit : similar to a dedicated leased line , permanent

connection. used when constant data is being generated.

Switched Virtual Circuit : also called as Semi-permanent virtual circuit similar to a circuit switched connection where the

VC is dynamically built and then torn down once thedata has been sent.

used when data has to be sent in small amounts

and at periodic intervals.



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Committed Information Rate(CIR) :

Average data rate measured over a fixed period

of time that the carrier guarantees for a VC.

committed bandwidth

Burst Rate(BR) : Average data rate provider guarantees for a VC.

Excess bandwidth



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Frame Relay Traffic FlowTerminology (Cont.)


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FECN and BECN :

Forward Explicit Congestion Notification

Backward Explicit Congestion Notification

When congestion occurs switch marks the FECN and

BECN bits in the frame header. FECN is sent to the destination

BECN is sent to the source

Thereby notifying both source and destinationabout the congestion.

FECN = 0 and BECN =0 implies no congestion.



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Frame-Relay - Network Diagram

E0192.168.1.1/24

HYD

LAN - 192.168.1.0/24

E0192.168.2.1/24

CHE

LAN - 192.168.2.0/24

E0192.168.3.1/24

BAN

LAN - 192.168.3.0/24

10.0.0.1/8S0

S111.0.0.2/8

DLCI NO : 100 DLCI NO : 200

FRAME-RELAYSWICH

S110.0.0.2/8

11.0.0.1/8S0

HYD CHE BAN


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Frame-Relay - Network Diagram

E0192.168.1.1/24

HYD

LAN - 192.168.1.0/24

E0192.168.2.1/24

LAN - 192.168.2.0/24

E0192.168.3.1/24

LAN - 192.168.3.0/24

10.0.0.1/8S0

S110.0.0.2/8

DLCI NO : 100 DLCI NO : 200

FRAME-RELAYSWICH

HYD CHE BAN


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Manual MappingRouter(config)#interface Router(config-if)#frame-relay map ip broadcast

Sub-interface configuration

Router(config)#interface .


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frame-relay interface-dlci 100yderabad(config-if)#Hyderabad(config-if)#

telnet 192.168.1.1

================================Welcome to Hyderabad Router================================User Access Verificationpassword : ****

****enable

configure terminal

interface serial 0ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0

no shutencapsulation frame-relayframe-relay lmi-type cisco

Hyderabad>password :Hyderabad#Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Hyderabad(config)#Hyderabad(config-if)#

Hyderabad(config-if)#Hyderabad(config-if)#Hyderabad(config-if)#

Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195](C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.C:\>Connecting .....

exitHyderabad(config)#

Configuring Serial interfaceRouter(config)# interface serial Router(config-if)# ip address Router(config-if)# no shutdownRouter(config-if)# encapsulation frame-relayRouter(config-if)# frame-relay lmi-type Router(config-if)# frame-relay interface-dlci


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frame-relay interface-dlci 200anglore(config-if)#Banglore(config-if)#

================================Welcome to Banglore Router================================User Access Verificationpassword : ****

****enable

configure terminal

ip address 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0

no shutencapsulation frame-relayframe-relay lmi-type cisco

Banglore>password :Banglore#Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Banglore(config)#Banglore(config-if)#

Banglore(config-if)#Banglore(config-if)#Banglore(config-if)#


telnet 192.168.3.1

interface serial 1

exitBanglore(config)#

Configuring Serial interfaceRouter(config)# interface serial Router(config-if)# ip address Router(config-if)# no shutdownRouter(config-if)# encapsulation frame-relayRouter(config-if)# frame-relay lmi-type Router(config-if)# frame-relay interface-dlci


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Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#

================================Welcome to Chennai Router================================User Access Verificationpassword : ****

****enable

configure terminal

no ip addressno shutencapsulation frame-relayclockrate 64000

Chennai>password :Chennai#Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Chennai(config)#

Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#


Chennai(config-if)#

telnet 192.168.2.1

interface serial 1

frame-relay lmi-type ciscoframe-relay intf-type dce

frame-relay route 100 interface serial 0 200

Chennai(config)#frame-relay switching

Configuring Frame-relay SwitchRouter(config)# interface serial Router(config-if)# no ip addressRouter(config-if)# no shutdownRouter(config-if)# clockrate Router(config-if)# encapsulation frame-relayRouter(config-if)# frame-relay lmi-type Router(config-if)# frame-relay intf-type dceRouter(config-if)# frame-relay route

interface

Converting Router to Frame-relay SwitchRouter(config)# frame-relay switching


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Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#

no ip addressno shutencapsulation frame-relay

clockrate 64000

Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#

Chennai(config-if)#

Chennai(config-if)#

interface serial 0

frame-relay lmi-type ciscoframe-relay intf-type dceframe-relay route 200 interface serial 1 100

Chennai(config)#

Chennai(config-if)#

Configuring Frame-relay Switch

Router(config)# interface serial Router(config-if)# no ip addressRouter(config-if)# no shutdownRouter(config-if)# clockrate Router(config-if)# encapsulation frame-relayRouter(config-if)# frame-relay lmi-type Router(config-if)# frame-relay intf-type dceRouter(config-if)# frame-relay route

interface


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show frame-relay pvcyderabad#PVC Statistics for interface Serial0 (Frame Relay DTE)DLCI = 100, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial0

input pkts 0 output pkts 2 in bytes 0out bytes 60 dropped pkts 0 in FECN pkts 0in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0out bcast pkts 2 out bcast bytes 60pvc create time 00:12:03, last time pvc status changed 00:00:20

Hyderabad#

PVC STATUS = ACTIVEImplies, all configurations and the connectivity are

fine.


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show frame-relay pvcyderabad#PVC Statistics for interface Serial0 (Frame Relay DTE)DLCI = 100, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL,PVC STATUS = INACTIVE,INTERFACE = Serial0


Hyderabad#

PVC STATUS = INACTIVEImplies, Configuration or Connectivity Problem with

Remote LMI


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show frame-relay pvcyderabad#PVC Statistics for interface Serial0 (Frame Relay DTE)DLCI = 100, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL,PVC STATUS = DELETED,INTERFACE = Serial0


Hyderabad#

PVC STATUS = DELETEDImplies, Configuration or Connectivity Problem with

Local LMI


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show frame-relay pvcanglore#PVC Statistics for interface Serial1 (Frame Relay DTE)DLCI = 200, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial1


Banglore#


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show frame-relay pvchennai#PVC Statistics for interface Serial0 (Frame Relay DCE)DLCI = 200, DLCI USAGE = SWITCHED,PVC STATUS = ACTIVE,INTERFACE = Serial0

input pkts 0 output pkts 0 in bytes 0out bytes 0 dropped pkts 0 in FECN pkts 0in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0out bcast pkts 0 out bcast bytes 0pvc create time 00:02:07, last time pvc status changed 00:00:56Num Pkts Switched 0

PVC Statistics for interface Serial1 (Frame Relay DCE)DLCI = 100, DLCI USAGE = SWITCHED,PVC STATUS = ACTIVE,INTERFACE = Serial1

input pkts 4 output pkts 3 in bytes 186out bytes 202 dropped pkts 0 in FECN pkts 0in BECN pkts 0 out FECN pkts 0 out BECN pkts 0in DE pkts 0 out DE pkts 0out bcast pkts 0 out bcast bytes 0pvc create time 00:02:21, last time pvc status changed 00:01:04Num Pkts Switched 4

Chennai#


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show frame-relay mapyderabad#Serial0 (up): ip 10.0.0.2, dlci 100(0x64,0x1840), dynamic,

broadcast, status defined, activeHyderabad#


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show frame-relay mapanglore#Serial1 (up): ip 10.0.0.1, dlci 200(0xC8,0x3080), dynamic,

broadcast, status defined, activeBanglore#


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show frame-relay routehennai#Input Intf Input Dlci Output Intf Output Dlci StatusSerial0 200 Serial1 100 activeSerial1 100 Serial0 200 active

Chennai#


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Hyderabad(config)#router rip

Hyderabad(config-router)#

Hyderabad(config-router)# network 192.168.1.0Hyderabad(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0

no ip routingyderabad(config)#

Hyderabad(config)#ip routing

show ip routeyderabad#Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate defaultU - per-user static route, o - ODR

Gateway of last resort is not setC 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0R 192.168.3.0/24 [120/1] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:25, Serial0Hyderabad#

^ZConfiguring RIP

Router(config)# router ripRouter(config-router)# network

ping 192.168.3.1Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms

Hyderabad#


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Banglore(config)#router rip

Banglore(config-router)#

Banglore(config-router)# network 192.168.3.0Banglore(config-router)#

no ip routinganglore(config)#

Banglore(config)#ip routing

show ip routeanglore#Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate defaultU - per-user static route, o - ODRGateway of last resort is not setC 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial1R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 10.0.0.1, 00:00:04, Serial1C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0Banglore#

^Znetwork 10.0.0.0

Configuring RIPRouter(config)# router ripRouter(config-router)# network

ping 192.168.1.1Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 msBanglore#

17 framerelay

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