CHAPTER 8: JEFFERSONIANISM AND

THE ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS

1801-1824

Section 1

Focus Question: How did Jefferson’s philosophy shape

policy towards public spending, the judiciary, and Louisiana?

Big Picture: Cut down spending FED controls Judiciary LA Purchase

The Revolution of 1800?

Jefferson called his election a revolution What is a revolution?

The Revolution of 1800?

How were Jefferson’s views different from John Adams (his predecessor)?

The Election of 1800 Election of 1800 was viciously

contested Federalist threatened a civil war if

Jefferson was elected Republicans accused John Adams

of wanting to create a monarchy However both Thomas Jefferson

and Aaron Burr received 73 electoral votes

The Election of 1800The Election of 1800

Thomas Jefferson Virginia

Democratic-Republican

73 52.9%

Aaron Burr New York Democratic-Republican

73 52.9%

John Adams Massachusetts Federalist 65 47.1%

Charles Pinckney South Carolina Federalist 64 46.4%

John Jay New York Federalist 1 0.7%

Total Number of Electors 138

Total Electoral Votes Cast 276

Number of Votes for a Majority 70

1800 Election Results1800 Election Results

Adams

Jefferson

1800 Election Results (Into the House of Representatives!!)

1 vote for each State

1800 Election Results (Into the House of Representatives!!)

1 vote for each State

Thomas Jefferson

Virginia Democratic-Republican

10 62.5%

Aaron Burr New York

Democratic-Republican

4 25.0%

Blank ------- 2 12.5%

The Election of 1800 Therefore it was a tie for the President It was up to the House of representatives

to decide and after 6 days of deadlock, Jefferson won

T o avoid this in the future, the 12th Amendment was added to the ConstitutionMade electors vote separately for

President and Vice President

Jefferson’s Inauguration

How did Jefferson make his election less aristocratic?

“Let us, then, fellow-citizens, unite with one heart and one mind…every difference in opinion is not a difference in principle…We are all Republicans; we are all Federalists.”

What does Jefferson’s address suggest about what happened during the election campaigns?

What do you think Jefferson means by the phrase, “We are all republicans, we are all federalists…?”

The Revolution of 1800: Spending

My Notes Your Notes

The Revolution of 1800: Structure

My Notes Your Notes

The Revolution of 1800: Judiciary

My Notes Your Notes

Revolution of 1800: Land My Notes Your Notes

William Marbury

Federalist “midnight judge” appointed by Adams prior to leaving office. TJ ordered Madison to dismiss him, Marbury sued Madison claiming Judiciary Act of 1789.

James Madison

Secretary of State under TJ. Dismissed Marbury because Adams was trying to keep Federalist hold on the Supreme Court to rule against TJ.

John MarshallFederalist Judge chosen by

John Adams

The Supreme Court’s Decision

Judiciary Act of 1789 (SC reviews federal cases) unconstitutional. The act was from Congress and it is the Constitution who gives the SC direction. Marbury kept his apmt.

Importance of that Ruling

Established Judicial Review which allowed the SC to review any laws that Congress makes to ensure they are constitutional.

The Beginnings of the LA Purchase: The Pinckney Treaty

By 1800 more than one million settlers lived between the Appalachian Mountains and Mississippi

Most settler were farmers and relied on Mississippi to ship their crops to the port at New Orleans

The Pinckney Treaty

In 1795 U.S. negotiated the Pinckney Treaty Guaranteed

Americans’ rights to ship goods down the Mississippi and store goods in New Orleans

A Secret Deal

In 1801, Spain secretly gave New Orleans and the Louisiana Territory to FranceJefferson worried

about how Napoleon Bonaparte would rule the area

1802 the Governor of New Orleans stopped allowing Americans to ship their goods through New Orleans

Americans wanted to go to war Jefferson decided to send James

Monroe to Paris to buy New Orleans from the French

Meanwhile on France’s End… Meanwhile in Haiti, a revolution led by

Toussaint L’Ouverture had driven the French out

Without Haiti, the French would not be able to defend Louisiana during a war

In France, another war between France and Britain was about to begin and the French needed money to fund it

Napoleon's Offer

France offered to sell ALL OF THE LOUISIANA TERRITORY for $15 million (about 4 cents an acre)

Because it would take months to get Jefferson’s advice, Monroe accepted the offer

This agreement would almost double the size of the country and give the U.S. control of the Mississippi

Jefferson’s Predicament

The Constitution nowhere states that the President has the power to buy land from a foreign country

WHAT SHOULD HE DO?

Democratic Republicans

Federalists

Farmers Native Americans

Costs & Benefits

Jefferson’s Predicament

Jefferson decided he could purchase the land because the Constitution said the president could make treaties

The Senate approved the treaty and Congress voted to pay for the land

PSD: Jefferson to Lewis

Please use APPARTS to identify this PSD

Read pages 230 to 231 and answer the question in your journal

The Election of 1804

Background:Candidates Jefferson (DR) & Charles

Pinckney (F) ran for office.Thomas Jefferson wins with 92% of EC votesThis victory will be short lived due to the

revengeful Aaron Burr who tied Jefferson for EC votes in the Election of 1800

During Jefferson’s second term, George Clinton was VP b/c DR feared Burr’s relationship with Federalists.

Section 2

Focus Question: What led James Madison to go to war

with Britain in 1812?

Big Picture: American became a pawn to the FR. Jefferson—keep together new land,

Burr, & Republicans!

Web Quest of Aaron Burr

Using the website:Which to charges are being brought against

Burr?What evidence have you found that would

allow John Marshall to convict him?What evidence have you found that might

prove his innocence?How will his actions cause problems for

Jefferson’s second term?How does his actions lead towards conflict

with foreign nations?

The War of 1812

Please read James Madison’s war message and record reasons that would prompt him to go to war with Britain.

In addition, add reasons from your guided reading that would support a war for Britain

Causes of the War of 1812

Under TJ Under Madison

Focus Question How did the War of 1812 influence

American domestic policies?

Big Picture Weak AM Navy = land battle in Canada BR used NA to scare off AM AM lack of national unity to defend country.

Section 3

In June 1812, the U.S. Declared War on BritainThe U.S. finds itself

unprepared!! Because of

Jefferson’s earlier cuts of the government, the U.S. very weak

16 warships and 7,000 soldiers (Britain had over 200 warships)

The British are still in a war!!

The British had to fight the War of 1812 and the Napoleonic Wars at the same time

What should our strategy be?

The Tactics of Both Sides

The U.S. Invade British

Territory in Canada Gain control of the

Great Lakes and keep control of the Mississippi

The British Blockade all U.S.

ports to prevent supplies

Enlist the help of the Native Americans

British Tactics

BATTLES AND

KEY EVENTS

The Invasion of Canada

Fort Detroit Attempted to invade

Canada through Detroit General William Hull

began to retreat and was quickly surrounded by British soldiers andNative American warriors

This was a huge defeat for the U.S.-British captured over 2,000 soldiers

BATTLES AND

KEY EVENTS

The Invasion of Canada

Lake Erie Commander Oliver

Hazard Perry led huge victory

British were forced to return to retreat to Canada

First time in history that an entire British Fleet was defeated and captured by the enemy

The Invasion of Canada

Thames As British and Native American allies

retreated, General William Henry Harrison and his troops pursued them

Followed British into Canada and defeated them

Conflict in the South

Horseshoe Bend Andrew Jackson in command of U.S.

forces in Georgia Creek tribes had attacked American

settlements Jackson defeated them at Horseshoe

Bend and forced them to give up millions of acres of land

Final Battles

Washington In 1814, the British

defeated Napoleon and could bring all their troops to the U.S.

Set fire to many government buildings including the White House

Dolly Madison

Final Battles

Fort McHenry British attacked fort

which defended Baltimore’s harbor

British warships bombarded the fort throughout the night but, American fought off the attack

Oh Say Can You SeeBy the Dawn’s Early Light… -- Francis Scott Key

Battle of Fort McHenry,1814

Battle of Fort McHenry,1814

Gave proof through the night,That our flag was still there…Gave proof through the night,That our flag was still there…

The End of the War

Treaty of Ghent The war was a draw, Britain tired of fighting: too

costly On Dec. 24, 1814 agreed to Treaty of Ghent

Agreed to go back to the ways things were before the war

Britain never gave the Native Americans the land they had promised

The issue of impressment was never mentioned in the treaty

War helped U.S. gain respect as a nation, called “Second War for Independence”

People that Didn’t Get the Message

The Hartford Convention There was much opposition

to the war Federalist critics called it

“Mr. Madison’s War” New Englanders

especially, were against the war because the naval blockade had hurt trade

December 1814, a group of Federalists met in Hartford, CT

People that Didn’t Get the Message

The Hartford Convention Some delegates at the Hartford

Convention suggested seccession from the U.S.

When news of peace arrived at the convention the convention quickly ended

People that Didn’t Get the Message

The Battle of New Orleans

General Andrew Jackson did not get the news of the Treaty

Fought and won stunning victory at New Orleans

Effects of 1812

Section 4Focus Question To what extent did Jefferson’s legacy persist

into the Era of Good Feelings?

Big Picture End of Federalist party Supreme Court rulings Missouri Compromise Monroe’s politics

Causes The War of 1812 establishes

the U.S as a world power (respect)

There was much more nationalism (pride)

The Federalist Party died out (unity)When James Monroe

(Republican) ran for president, he won by a landslide

The Election of 1816

The Election of 1820

Effects

Government Takes a Greater Role in the Economy

Second Bank of the U.S. established in 1816

Protective Tariff is passedProtects U.S. goods from foreign

competitionBritish had been dumping (selling their

goods below market price)

Both part of Henry Clay’sAmerican System

p WEST got roads, canals, and federal aide.

p EAST got the backing of protective tariffs from the West.

p SOUTH ??

The American System

Effects

Central Government Strengthened Over States

McCulloch v. Maryland The state of Maryland tried to tax its

branch of the National Bank Court ruled that a state cannot pass

any law that violates a federal law

Effects

Central Government Strengthened Over States

Gibbons v. Ogden Steamboat went from New Jersey to

New York It was considered “interstate

commerce” which can only be regulated by Congress, not the states

Effects

US Takes a Greater Role in the World

Florida Andrew Jackson sent to recapture escaped

slaves Seized two Spanish towns and forced the

governor to flee Adams- Onis Treaty of 1819: Since Spain

could not protect Florida, decided to give it up

Adams-Onis Treaty, 1819

1810 1820

US Population Density

Effects

US Takes a Greater Role in the World

Monroe Doctrine U.S. wanted to protect trade with the

newly independent Latin America Monroe Doctrine

U.S. would not allow European nations to interfere with the free nations of Latin America

America Getting Patriotic! Hail to the Chief Yankee Doodle Dandy