18.1 introduction to urban environmental management 18.2 urban development and urban environmental...
TRANSCRIPT
18.1 Introduction to urban environmental management18.2 Urban development and urban environmental problems 18.3 The development of urban environmental management 18.4 Urban environmental management system 18.5 The approaches and methods of urban environmental management 18.6 Case study
18.1 IntroductionThe substance of urban environmental management ：Conscious self-restraint
By administration, economy, law, education , technology and etc. treatments
Fundamental guarantee for urban sustainable development
The characteristics of urban environmental management
SystematicnessActivity
Prediction
Coordination
18.2 Urban development and urban environmental problems 18.2.1 The Stage of Urban Development
Stage performance
The problems of the relationship research between economic grow
th and environmental quality are as followings: ☆Th
e research is focused on national rather than urban
☆Neglect the problem of ecological environmental which is related to
lifestyle.
☆ The research of the evolution in urban ecological environment is e
very little.
Three general types of urban ecological environment
Figure 18-1 The structural characteristics of urban ecological environment problems and the st
age model of urban development
18.2.2 Ecological city O. Yanistky ,a former Soviet urban ecologist proposed five principles of ec
ological city in 1987
Definition of ecological city
Landscape city and garden city
ecological protection
Ecological basic supporting infrastructure
guarantee the standardof residents living
The protection of historical culture
integrate natrue into city
城市生态系统
社会经济子系统
生态支持子系统
资源子系统
环境子系统
社会子系统
经济子系统
生态建设，生态补偿
提高系统承载能力
提供生产、生活资料
消纳生产、生活废物
Figure 18-2 The composite structure of urban ecological system
18.3 The development of urban environmental management
18.3.1 Urban environment pollution control
18.3.2 Management of urban ecological environment
Substance: manage Human’s Behavior by themselves in the city.
Aim: Coordinate development of environment and economy to create a
good apace which is fit to live and develop ultimately.
prevention in the first place, integrating prevention with controlI,integrated control
end treatment of pollution
the prevention and control of pollution sources
Figure 18-3 Sustainable development planning concept of urban ecological in Guangzhou
安全安全 活力活力
发展发展
健康健康
生态城市生态城市安全安全 活力活力
发展发展
健康健康
生态城市生态城市
18.4 Urban environmental management system 18.4.1 System frame of urban environmental management system
environmental policy environmental policy Identification and evaluation
of environmental factors Identification and evaluation
of environmental factors
Requirements of rules and regulations
Requirements of rules and regulations
Target and indexTarget and index
Training
Training
summ
ary
summ
ary
Management scheme Management scheme
operation operation
monitoring monitoring
evaluation evaluation
Figure 18-4 Inside logical process of environmental management system
18.4.2 The policy and principle of urban environmental
management Generally,it should be considered as the following aspects when formulating the environmental policy:
The nature and scale of the urban development’s construction activities
The principle of continuous improvement
The principle of preventing pollution
Urban natural environment and socio-economic condition
Relevant environmental regulations and requirements
Figure 18-5 The organization of China urban environmental management
18.4.3 The system and organization of urban environmental management
18.4.4 The plan of urban environmental management
Approach Content
Compulsory measur
e
Legal means Environmental Protection Legislation
Administrative means
Environmental special funds, environmental research, education investment, guidance of environmental industry, environmental planning supervision
Economic means
Pigou means Ecological taxation, pollution charge, environmental subsidies, emissions trading system, resource consultation system Coase means
Non-compulsory me
asure Educational means
Popularization of environmental protection knowledge, indoctrination of environmental protection laws and regulations
Figure 18-1 Means of urban environmental management
Urban environmental
management
Environmental monitor
ing immediate feedback
predictability
18.5 The approaches and methods of urban environmental manag
ement 18.5.1 Pollutant index management
(1) Pollutant concentration index management
Comprehensive index
Index of classification
Single index
(2) Total emissions index management
Control the total emissions
Emission declaration
Total auditing
Grant of emission certification and temporary emission certification
The management of environmental capacity and total emissio
ns
niMxQxn
ii ,...,2,1
1
The key to implementation of total emissions management is the reasonable distribution a
nd allocate of total emissions. Assume that the environmental capacity of pollutant X in ce
rtain area is M, total emissions control means the total emission of the pollutant X is Q, it
should be less than or equal to M. If there are n pollution sources in the pollutant X, the e
mission of each source pollution is Qxi (I = 1,2..., n), the total emissions control should m
eet the following formula :
If the emission of i pollution source is Qxi0 and Qxi1 before and after treatm
ent, the cut amount of i pollution source is . If the treatment exp
enses of the i pollution source is Cxi, the objective function of regional optim
ization costs should be:
n
ixx IcF
1
min
10 iii QxQxQx
18.5.2 Comprehensive treatment of urban environment
(1) The principle of comprehensive treatment of urban environment
(2) The main task of comprehensive treatment of urban environment
Set a comprehensive treatment goal
Draw up the comprehensive treatment program correctly
Reform environmental management system
(3) The quantitative estimation of comprehensive treatment of urban environment
(4) The result of comprehensive treatment of urban environment
18.5.3 Eco-efficiency management(1) Environment management efficiency and environment benefit
The implementation of benefit is based on efficiency
The efficiency of environmental management is equal to environmen
tal benefit/the cost of environmental management
(2) methods to improve the efficiency of environmental management
(3) Government's role in implementation of Eco-efficiency environment
management
(4) Reduce the gap of policy between individual and social
Economic method to promote factory or community to save energy a
nd raw material
Special effect can also supply a new implement to eco-efficiency man
agement
18.5.4 Informatization in urban environmental management
Table 18-2 The main indicators of city-level environmental infomationization construction in Tenth Five- Year Plan .
Main task Detail indicators
Establish and improve the system of national environment information network
80% municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and some good county level Environmental Protection Bureau join the national environment information network system, to achieve interconnection and exchanging information
Information construction of government and business
80% municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and some good county level Environmental Protection Bureau implementate Office Automation and carry out daily management by network of computer.
The construction of information resource
50% municipal environmental protection bureau manage and share the environment information through resource platform
Environmental Information Services
More than 70% municipal Environmental Protection Bureau start to use Internet site, and meanwhile, provide environmental information service to the public through other variety methods.
Personnel’s competency and computer skills
60% environmental management staff in municipal environmental protection bureau can use computer to work after trained. 90% municipal Environmental Protection Bureaus establish the environment information agencies and teams,forming the stable and reliable environment information management system and work ability.
Urban ecological sustainable development planning information integration system (EPIS) of Guangzhou
The aim of EPIS:
Expression the results of planning and make people convenienc
e to use it
Make management persons convenience to find and check the
basic information
Establish regulation to data management and ecological constr
uction management
The function of EPIS system is as follows:
Date integration
Information query
Space analysis
18.6 Case study18.6.1 Urban environmental management system of Xiamen
The guiding ideology of environmental manag
ement. figure 18-6
Environmental management goals
Environmental management indicator
Environmental management organization. fig
ure 18-7
Environmental management policy
Figure 18-6 Xiamen Gulanyu
Xiamen Environmental Protection Agency
Ecological protection
board
Huli environm
ental protection sub-bureau
Sim
ing environmental protectio
n sub-bureau
Jimei environm
ental protection sub-bureau
Haicang environm
ental protection sub-bureau
Tongan environm
ental protection sub-bureau
Xiangan environm
ental protection sub-bureau
office
Division of P
ersonnel and P
arty Affairs
Policy and regulation
department
Pollution control boa
rd
Supervision and m
anagem
ent board
environment monitoring central stations
preparation and construction office of industrial solid wastes management cen
tre
environmental supervision central stations
management office of egret nature reserve in Lantau Island
scientific research institute of environmental protection
environment information center Environmental propaganda and education center
Figure 18-7The structure of Xiamen environmental protection agency
