1830s-1850sPeriod Presentation

Erin Nitschke & Tracie Pollard

Period Facts

ClothingHeavily influenced by romanticism from the 1820s through the mid-1840s.

Women’s clothing typically had large sleeves, full conical skirts, and a low waist.

Clothing

• Men’s clothing included cotton or line shirts with tall collars, coats with tightly cinched waists, and full length trousers with fly front closures.

Music, Theatre, Entertainment1830s – Ballets, circus menageries, and horse shows,

1840s – Quickstep and Polka were popular dances. The first American opera, Leonara, written by William Henry Fry, leisure time, horse racing1850s – Minstrel music, piano music, picnics

ArtNatural landscapes were popular in the 1830s.

Panorama-type paintings became popular in the 1840s.

Art

Lithographs were a trend in the 1850s

Political Leadership

Andrew Jackson – 1829-1837

Notable Events1835

U.S. became debt free (briefly) for the only time in history.

1836 The Specie Circular ordered that gold and silver were the only currency acceptable for the purchase of federal lands, issued on July 11.

1835 Jackson signs Treaty of New Echota with unrecognized leaders of Cherokee Nation, which allows him to force the Cherokees to move to land in what is now Oklahoma. 4,000 Native Americans die on this journey, also known as the Trail of Tears.

Martin Van Buren – 1837-1841

Notable Events1837

Banks closed in Philadelphia and New York City on May 10. This was the beginning of the Panic of 1837. The depression that followed would last throughout Van Buren's term.

1838 Continuation of forced relocation of the Cherokee people, which started under Andrew Jackson. 4,000 Native Americans die on the journey known as the Trail of Tears.

John Tyler – 1841-1845

Notable Events1841

Tyler's cabinet resigned after he vetoed banking bills supported by the Whigs.

1844 Far East opened to U.S. traders after a treaty with China signed.

1845 Texas annexed followed by war with Mexico.

James Polk – 1845-1849

Notable Events1846

A large crack in the Liberty Bell proves too large to permit the bell to be rung any more.Dispute with Britain over the Oregon Territory settled. Both nations get a part of the territory.

1848 Treaty of 1848 with Mexico gave the U.S. control over California, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah and parts of Colorado and Wyoming.Gold discovered in California in December.

Millard Fillmore – 1850-1853

Notable Events1850

Congress passed the Compromise of 1850 and Fugitive Slave Act in September.

Franklin Pierce – 1853-1857

Notable Events1853

Gadsden Purchase1854

Kansas-Nebraska ActOstend ManifestoTreaty with Japan negotiated by Commodore Matthew Perry

James Buchanan – 1857-1861

Notable EventsOnly president to never marry.

Sectionalism realigned political parties – Democrats split, Whigs were destroyed, giving rise to Republicans.

Dred Scott decision

Historical Events

Slavery• Abolitionists organizations increased• Abolitionists organized the Underground Railroad• William Lloyd Garrison– American Anti-Slavery Society newspaper

• Angelina and Sarah Grimke– Southern white women– American Slavery As It Is– Angelina refused to obey her husband during their wedding ceremony

Slavery cont.• Frederick Douglass– Escaped Slavery– African American Leader

• Sojourner Truth– Former Slave– Illiterate– Traveled to preach about slavery and

women’s rights– Impressed audiences with her speeches

Slavery cont.

• Harriet Tubman– Escaped Slave– Freed 300 slaves– Made 19 trips in 10

years– Freed her 70 year old

parents– Known as “Moses”– Reward of $40,000 for

her return– Died 1913-Auburn, New

York

Women’s Rights

•Defend their right to speak in public•Inspired by women abolitionists •National Issue– Women were more active in

leading reform

Women’s Rights cont.• Seneca Falls Convention– Elizabeth Cady Stanton– Lucretia Mott– First public meeting in the U.S.– July 19, 1848– New York – Declaration of Sentiments– 240 attendees– Frederick Douglass

Declaration of Sentiments• Social injustice toward

women• Declaration of

Independence language• 18 charges against men• 100 signatures

Women’s Rights Leaders• Susan B. Anthony– Political movement– Equal salary• “No woman could be free without a purse of

her own”

• Lucy Stone– Spokesperson

• Elizabeth Cady Stanton– Founder and leader of National Woman

Suffrage

Education

Education Reform

• Limited teacher training• One room school houses• Wealth directly affected educational

opportunities• Social status affected educational

quality• Industrialization created need for more

education in the workforce• Military leaders wanted officers to be

more educated about the world

• Few girls took math and science in school• Opportunities for women to attend school• Catharine Beecher– First all-women academy

• Thomas Gallaudet– Opportunities increased for people with special

needs– School for the blind-1831

• Journalism increased with education– More newspapers were being printed

Education Reform cont.

African American Education Reform

• Emphasis on education opportunities for African Americans

• Boston, Philadelphia, and New York opened first elementary school for black students

• Few college accepted African American students

Horace Mann• Common School Movement– All children will be taught in the same place

regardless of social and wealth status• Leader of the Common School Movement• Secretary of Education in Massachusetts– Increased funding for education– Provided teacher training– Lengthened the school year– Increased teacher salaries

For Comments…

• Erin Nitschke– Add the email for the wiki

• Tracie Pollard– Add the email for the wiki

Thank you!