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I. Reading

Passage 1: Read the passage and do the task that follows

Calcite-containing dust particles blow into the air and combine with nitric acid in

polluted air from factories to form an entirely new particle-calcium nitrate. These

nitrates have optical and chemical properties that are completely different from those

of the original dry dust particles. Due to this, climate models need to be updated to

reflect this chemistry. Calcite dust is common in arid areas such as Israel, where this

past winter scientists collected particles for analysis.

Working from a mountaintop, the team collected dust that had blown from the

northern shores of gypt, !inai, and southern Israel. The particles had combined with

air containing pollutant that came from Cairo. They analy"ed nearly #,$$$ individual

particles and observed the physical and chemical changes at the W.% Wiley

nvironmental &olecular !ciences 'aboratory.

(n important change in the properties of the newly formed nitrate particles is that they

absorb water and retain moisture. These particles can scatter and absorb sunlight-

presenting climate modelers, who need to know where the energy is going, a new

wild card to deal with. )ther studies of dust samples from the !ahara ad the !audi

(rabian coast and loess form China show that the higher the calcium in the mineral,

the more reactive they are with nitric acid. In fact, once the particle is changed, it

stays that way.

*. What is the main idea of the passage+

a. There is a new particle called calcium nitrate.

b. actories are polluting the environment.

c. Climate models have to be updated because of the new particle calcium

nitrate.

d. Calcium nitrate has chemical properties different from other dust particles.

#. Why do climate models need to be updated to reflect the chemistry of calcium

nitrate+

a. The new particles can absorb water and retain moisture.

b. The new particles can scatter and absorb sunlight.

c. to stop acid dust.

d. both A and B

. Do the particles react with nitric acid+

a. o, but they continue to absorb the sun/s energy b. o, and the particles do not

change

c. 0es, but the changes are temporary d. Yes, and the changes are

permanent

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1. Which of the following may be a result of these particles+

a. The change of an ice age is increased b. We may see more rainbows

c. The greenhouse effects are increased. d. We may see an increase in

carbon dioxide.

2. Why does the passage begin with a description of the properties of calcium nitrate+

a. to give background information so the reader can understand the topic

better

b. 3ecause calcium nitrate is the main idea.

c. to show how elements combine to create calcium nitrate

d. to prove the e4istence of calcium nitrate

5. The word 6 those in paragraph * refers to7

a. nitrates b. properties c. particles d. models

8. In the scientists/ research, where did the pollutants come from originally+

a. arid areas b. the !audi Coast c. Cairo d. the !ahara

desert

9. It can be inferred that 6 retain in paragraph is closest in meaning to7

a. hold b. lose c. increase d. need

:. What is the purpose of the passage+

a. to convince the reader that calcium nitrate is bad

b. to inform the reader of a new problem in climate modeling

c. to show how calcium nitrate was created

d. to show where calcium nitrate was first discovered

*$. In the third paragraph. What does the term 6 wild card mean+

a. an unknown card in a card game b. an unknown item in the scientists

calculations

c. a large amount of acid dust d. none of the above

Passage 2: Read the passage and then fill in each gap with ONE suitable

word.

The mos;uito is an insect that 7*7.some of the worst diseases of man and animals.

Certain kinds of mos;uitoes7#77.the germs that cause such serious diseases as

encephalitis, malaria, and yellow 7 7. When a mos;uito bites, it may leave germs

behind. &any kinds of mos;uitoes do not spread disease, 717. they have painful

bites.

&os;uitoes are found in all part of the world, 727.near the orth

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&an controls mos;uitoes in many ways. !cientists have developed chemicals7..87

insecticides, which kill mos;uitoes and other insects. !mall amounts if these chemicals

kill mos;uitoes797 sprayed in homes, garages7.:7they grow. &os;uitoes lay their

eggs in marshes, swamps, and other pools of ;uiet water. ngineers may build canals

through marshes to drain off the 7*$7, and often fill small pools and swamps with

soil.

!ey

". spreads #. carry $. fever %. but &. even

'. gather (. called ). when *. where "+. water

II. uppl! the correct for" of the words gi#en in $%PI&%'.

*. &arc is a great % ! (%C=777777777> he has devoted all his life to doing

scientific study on renewable energy.

#. The C) !?& 777777777..of energy has increased steadily.

. )%T? (T 777777777, it had been raining all day, so we had to postpone

the match.

1. (n C)')@07777.7is said to study the relation between organism and their

environment.

2. This country has benefited the

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I). (inish the following sentences without changing their "eanings.

*. It is important for him to do well on his e4am.

It is important7777777777777777777777777777777.

#. If I were the Bueen, I would reduce ta4es.

Were7777777777777777777777777777777777...

. !ally finally managed to get a ob.

!ally finally succeeded777777777777777777777777777..

1. I/m sorry that I broke the glassE, said

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(ll sharks are carnivores Fmeat- eatersG. &ost of them eat F:G7777fish, includingother sharks. ( shark/s only natural enemy is a large shark. !harks eat their preywhole, or they tear off large chunks of flesh. They also F*$G7..on dead or dyinganimals.*. (. classify 3. divide C. organi"e D. arrange#. (. all 3. through C. throughout D. over

. (. grow 3. rise C. evolve D. vary1. (. as 3. so C. very D. e4actly

2. (. stretch 3. measure C. develop D. e4pand5. (. some others 3. others C. different kinds D. some sharks8. (. dwell 3. e4ist C. emigrate D. migrate9. (. fresh 3. sweet C. light D. clear:. (. uncooked 3. live C. lively D. alive*$. (. eat 3. swallow C. e4ist D. feed)I. $hoose the best answers to co"plete the following sentences

*. Tom and &ary never came to class late . ..................................

(. !o did we 3. 5either did we C. We did either D.

either we did#. I remember ....................to =anoi when I was a very small child.

(. taking 3. to take C. to be taken D. being taken

. =elen asked me ......................the film called !tar WarsE.

(. if - had seen 3. have I seen C. have you seen D. if had I seen

1. (t first I found ......................to get used to .....................on the other side of the

road.

(. it difficult - drive 3. difficult - driveC. it difficult 7 driving D. difficult- driving

2. =ad we known your new address, we .................to see you.

(. would have come 3. will come C. would come D. came

5. I don/t believe a word she said> I think he ust made.......................that story.

(. out 3. up C. off D. down

8. !he warned me........................

(. to not do it 3. I should do it C. about to do it D. not to do it9. .................had they recovered from the first earth;uake when they felt the second

tremor.

(. /carely 3. ever C. o sooner D. Hust

:. Hason/s professor had him.................his thesis many times before allowing him to

present it to the committee.

(. rewrites 3. rewriting C. rewrite D. to rewrite

*$. The problems .......last year caused to the committee members to table the

proposal temporarily.

(. were discovered 3. which was discovered C. that discovered D.

discovered

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)II. *i#e the correct tense of the #erbs in brackets:

Hane F*. 0oin G. ..............our firm twelve years ago. !he had worked for the

previous seven years with an advertising company and F#. ac8uire G....................much

useful e4perience. or the first eight years with us, she F . work G..................in the

!ales Department, and F1. work G...................there when I became a &anaging

Director. !ince then she F2. work G................as my personal assistant, and

F5.prove G.........................herself to be outstandingly capable on many occasions. !he

F8.work G ..................... on the top floor, in an office ne4t to mine, but at the moment

she F9. work G.......................in 'ondon on a special assignment.

!ey

". 0oined #. had ac8uired

$. worked9 was working %. was working

&. has been working9has worked '. has proved

(. works ). is working

)III. +istake identification: (ind the one "istake , %- -$ or /0 in each

sentence.

*. Hohn s wisdom teeth were troubling him, so he went to a dental surgeon to see

about having

( 3

them pull .

C D FpulledG

#. :any of the early work of T.!. liot e4presses the anguish and barrenness of

modern life and the

( FmuchG 3 C

isolation of the individual.

D

. (n increasing number of office works use computer programs as daily routine.

( 3 C FworkersG D

1. (mong the world s 11 richest countries, there has been not war since *:12.

( 3 C C FnoG

2. ew universities are being establish at a slower rate nowadays due to the lack of

federal and

( 3FestablishedG C D

state funds.

5. (s you come to each town, however small, you will see a sign which states the

name of the town

( 3 C

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and how many inhabitants does it h a ve .

D Fit hasG

8. @raphology, the science of handwriting analysis, has interested people as far back

as the #nd

( 3 C Fhad interestedG

D

century.I . Phonetics

%. $hoose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differentl! fro"others in each group.*.a. e ffective b. e radicate c. e xpend d.

e thnic

#.a. develo p ment b. consum p tion c. p sychology d.

p repare

.a. dou b t b. tom b c. reasona b le d.de b t

1.a. h onorable b. h onesty c. h eir d.

h istoric

2.a. priv ate b. illiter ate c. educ ate d.

accur ate

. tress: $hoose the word whose "ain stress is different for" others in

each group.

*G (. feeling 3. believe C. ready D. easy

#G (. ac8uaintance 3. interest C. capable D. sympathy

G (. e4perience 3. embarrass C. floppy D. embrace

1G (. idol 3. video C. birthday D. imagine

2G (. cotton 3. happen C. extreme D.

;uickly

. riting

&he world is e3periencing a dra"atic increase in population. &his is causing

proble"s not onl! for poor- de#eloping countries- but also for industriali4ed

and de#eloped nations

Describe some of the problems that over population causes and suggest at least one

possible solution. F0ou should write from #$$ to #2$ wordsG

Reference

In most countries of the world the population is increasing alarmingly. This is

especially true in poor, developing and even in developed countries. )verpopulationcauses a considerable number of problems

In poor countries, it is difficult to provide enough food to feed even the present

number of people. In addition, education to limit the number of children per family is

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not always successful.