1848-1914

Bryan DillonMatt Lux

Imperialism- A policy of extending a country’s power and influence

Countries wanted to increase their trade and control around the worldGet resources for new manufacturing and

marketsRaw materials to fuel their economyEnhance national prestige

Nationalism- Dedication to an identification with a nation or ethnic groupMany groups wanted their independence and

expand their territoryVarity of ethnic groups in large empiresLead to revolutions throughout Europe

Reasons for Imperialism:Scientific expeditionsEconomics

Raw MaterialsControl of the source of materials to support

manufacturingAcquire materials owned by other countriesControl market

• British Empire• Controlled the largest empire in the world• Conquered large parts of Africa, Asia, and

India• “Sun never sets”• Remained out of European Affairs• Wealthiest nation

• Trade throughout the world

• Effective two party parliament• Universal Male Suffrage

• No longer need land to vote

• African Expansion– Wanted raw materials to fuel industrial

revolution– Trade expanded throughout the 1700-1800’s– Many natives exploited and oppressed by British

control• Boer War– War with the local tribes in South Africa– Put down natives– Became protectorate of Egypt, control over Suez

Canal

Romanoff DynastyLongest dynasty in EuropeConquered Baltic States, Central Asia, and SiberiaControlled ports on the Black Sea

Crimean War (1853-1856)Russia defeated by English and France

Could not keep up with western technology and efficiency

Wanted to conquer Ottoman EmpireWestern Europe wanted to keep a balance of power

Russia humiliated, built up military and industryRealized how far behind Russia was

Alexander 2nd

Nicholas 2nd Reforms

Abolished SerfdomModernized RussiaZemstvo gave power to peasants October Manifesto civil rights

Revolution of 1905Bloody Sunday massacrePolish and Ukrainian uprisingHumiliating defeat to Japan

Had many changes of power in the 1800’sNapoleon III

Tried to rebuild France from Napoleonic WarsInvested heavily in railroads and construction

and banksExpansion of industryRebuilt ParisTimes of Prosperity

Third RepublicAdolphe Thiers

Led the national assemblyNational Assembly

France’s ParliamentStabilized France until World War 1

Paris Commune in 1871 Formed after defeat to Prussia

Unrest in Paris lead to an attempted change of government

Crushed by the National Assembly

AfricaControlled large portions of AfricaUsed Social Darwinism as a moral excuse to

colonize AfricaAsia

Conquered Vietnam, Laos, and CambodiaInfluence in ChinaNatives Treated poorly

Weakening EmpireIsabella 2 became constitutional monarch 1833

Many South American revolutions in the 1800’s

Loss of many Spanish ColoniesMexico gained independence

Unstable, but able to keep power until after WW1

King LeopoldColonized Congo in 1884

Large amounts of RubberTreated Natives very poorCruel and harsh punishments

1862 Otto von Bismarck and Wilhelm 1 created a unified German StateMilitary expansion and German unification

Wars with Austria and FranceAustro-Prussian War 1866

7 week warPrussia dominated

Franco Prussian War 1870-1871France didn’t want a unified GermanyPrussia beat France, uniting the German states

Colonized parts of Central AfricaSecure trade routes and raw materialsScramble to colonize Africa

Revolution of 1848Kingdom of Sardinia Defeated Austria and

gained independenceCounter Revolution 1849

Austria re conquered ItalyDefeated the Kingdom of Sardinia

Giuseppe GarbaldiCreated a unified Italy in 1860Red Shirts

Austro-Sardinian War (1866-1867)Second Italian War of Independence

France and Sardinia against the Austrian Empire

Camillo Benso, Count of CavourKnew Italian Unification was impossible

without alliesItalian Unification 1860

Controlled parts of central EuropeThroughout the 1850’s, Hungarian and

German revoltsEthnic groups wanted their own nationsCzechs, Poles, Slavs all wanted independenceAustrian empire weakened by nationalism

Other nations made stronger

European nations wanted to spread Christianity to their colonies in Africa and AsiaMissionaries sent all over the worldUsed as a reason to invade and conquer the

native peopleEngland spread Anglican churchFrance spread Catholicism

Advances in Ship buildingFaster, stronger ships Standardized cannon shot

Rifling Made guns much more accurate

Iron and SteelImproved industry and railroads

Coal miningBurning coal fueled the factories

Machine Guns

Impressionism and RealismSmall, thin brush strokesObjective, unemotional worksPortrayed ordinary, working class peopleHumble, simple outlookGustave Courbet

Lead realism movement Burial at Ornans

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJe1W_HIWmA