18,!JO(RA I W Al I.CON i iD R 1 1;[ hBI2 (JASS II 1kI AION 6

I .E XN ) 1 1-. (24Q~)

LDC inc;orme distribution a .publi-cI poiJcy, anal reoQ t, 977/197

5. C.ORPORATE AI-HORS (1-1------- t) . . .

Princetorn Univ. Woodrow Wilson School of Public arid Int. Affairs

DOCMN DXE (1 7.NUMBER, OF. - 8. ARC NUMBER (170)..... P. I 339.P957d-1977/19789. REI- FEREINCIL OR(GANIXArION (130)

(Ac'tivity. si~mmary)__

A1 ABSTRA(' (95())

12. DESCIPTORS (920 13. PROJECT1 NUMBER lrtIncome distributionGovernment policies 93106)4300 1

Equity

Equity 14. CONTR-AC'T NO.(140) I! . TUcTYPE (140)

AID/otrwC-149216. TYPE OF DOCUMENT (160)

AID 590-7 (10-79)

P R1 '2Y;]T'JN Uv i : }LSTY

to*d1 :c.'.: '..i 2s n S,:!c oI ,f } .'-9] Ic :id I.t, ri atw[i,-.l Aff::ir:

ANNUAL REPORT ." 1978

LDC lNCOM[E DISTAUTTON .'D PU15LTC ]POLICY A[D/ tr-c-'492

Jtne 30, 1977 - June 30, 1978

Annual Report -ummnry Sheet

LDC Income Distributioh and Public Policy AID/otr-c-1492Project "itle and Contract Number

John P. LeWiSTrustees of Princeton Universitv. _____.. .. ._____....

Principal Investigator and ConLractor

Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540

Contractor's Address

June 30, 1976 - March 31, 1980 July 1, 1977 - June 3j0, 1978ContractiPeriod (as amended) From - To Reporting Period From - To

Total Expenditures and Obligations Through 6/30/78: $292,4531Through Previous Contract Year"

Total Expenditures and Obligations 6/30/78 to 3/3 1/8 0._ 4 33,812For Current Contract Year*

*Since the amended contract runs only through 3/31/80 we haveassumed AID will wish to obligate all of the remaining costs inthe U.S. FY 10/1/78 to 9/30/79 and therefore:have not segregatedthe periods 7/1/78 to 6/30/79 and 7/1/79 to 3/31/80 in ourfinancial projections. However, if such a breakdown is desired,we shall, be happy to provide it.

0L

Wlork 8is prcd1.ng on qt'dc'ing; Cho Lucxof ard pol it ical- a-;pouu

of incoo d istribut ion,';F> c",i3' " t f ffct3 ci ,soc'ti r .ya ,-i t roi-;" on

distribut~itoun!i Lcji in..,-; Tuirkey, Ni geria and Egypt. Subj.ec3c bei.ng

addres;sed are th, g;eneral conomfc;, poli tics , and Ii i Aoricli-idolgical

framing:f inco me disLtr ibtion, rura L/agricul tral, rural-urVn'a, and

urban djn>nA; Ions , and the equiLv Limpacts oIf taxat:ion, ag;ricutiLur ?olicies,

education, othr pulb lic 'arvics, industrial Ipo lic ies and uni onizatiin.

Draft of Anic papers on Turkey are in their final sta.;es; it is Mpectcd

that a mnnuscript wi ll he ready for a publisiher bef.ore the end of 1978.

The Niger in a are preliminary draFt, having been coliectively

revi:wed by the part icipants. Th- Egypt papers, whose authors are in

process of receiving a series of visits by Princeton participants, are

well underway; first drafts are expected in January 1979.

The p:YjvL h,.'C"., , 3s staLed in the contraic:t, are to asrisL

(,,,'O. P04 W)Ui c , F :id Ini a r q ;, cncI .i iin ow q thei r need for a better

tundur'U"and of ways''' to L:r"rovu the farFIli at: In and implieri.i tmaLico of

social eq,,itxv Ob _. , vc ; .ithin the nunit e.t at cc'i c I,'rtLi,. cnt -fforts.

Mxtle; i -.e raparch is currenI, undrw'av in TurkeyNiger, an'd

Egypt to define the curr-ent nature tof income di:;tribuujcn in these societie ,

the histori.cal- d evel oIpment , lad the influence of- govrln' n u i. policie :

on distribution, 'with an eve to tie most equitable alternatives commonly

considered.

1II . Accomplis:;:ients to Dat~e

On the whoIle we ire very ploased with the way ti ; ambitious

project is ci.ui)g. It was Intentf:allv org;nized to place leqv" rusprn;i-

hilitie " on the IW.1) particip ants.

The linrki-oh projcot w: s the sbjc: of a mao r conference at

ti' Lunivcur itv of V.rwic-, U.K., ,it Lh. end of August 1977 .'hen paners

wcrt' 2t Lhc fMr.t:-drlift stage. Papers were ten very uneven. They were

Mun y s v cr itiqued oral lv and .ubsequ.,ln 1 y received bundant wr itten

collitilent s--ma i.v hv the principnl invest iators and Princeton project

per;oinnel, In F",hruirv 1978 a small meet ilg of the 'l'ukisih principal investi-

gaL,.rs, I lt or two of1 the other Tlurks in th is cf untrv for other reasons, and

the PrinotLn group was liold tL check prgIess on paler revis on. and a Li,

ty consider a first dra ft on '"O)verview Stat ement" (intended as an IntroductLory

chap ter to the eventualI volume) bv tile princitpal Iivestigaturs. In early July

N fi naI ple narv me .eting of the prIoject wis li1d in 1stahnbul lt t nded by almo, st

ailI of th(e 'turi,-;. in> participantsi plus Profe;sors Lewis and Bionn from Princeton.

Th're ,'-:; w st-rik ing improvt'm nt in t he individual pap, rs. Almost; l;..l were

up to a good mark, some were ouLstandinm'. AuthorS essentially converged on an

illuminating interpretation of the historical background of equity issues in

"l'ur.,', v on the patkhr'n of dvolm Io mon v c--a-vin equity issues, 1)0 0 daL e, and

on tht im1pa't of" Such variablh Ies as agriculturl modern iz ,at ion, the changing

lii ;iilce. hetwaen countryside, towns, ;nd mc:°ropolit t. areas, migration,

planning priorities, industri". I and labor policies2;, and education. If Turkey

h/s been coni;dec ed something of a test case untl. now of the wor kabillty of

"incl'ementa list' redist- O~it ibte reorm, the consensus was thaLt the tit ure

i n cns it rd.Il o doubt withI r'egird to til, N vc s;: of inco'me di i ri i tlon

POlCIes.

the prc t'L Y procdur l i:.. : 1 ,. (0 A-. iv ",iy; n s CP. iflcr:a-'r,,)C:L M , cL i rgs

e:-:chanla . 0". 1 '1 ed.: A Int-) :and L -. ', a pond bi Lo the cJ:.ri:i :t L ,n of con-

cepts , ii.! i it ! L o : , an! coI~x:!ari da.it O -'nouus i ade tarl icr oni. A] ;o ie

IstLabul :, n, vni'dOcred a seconi drat: & th c-..'rvi'w chn. wr, cunsd

drafts of theI indivjd il pacers w.ll he rceivcd i.n mid-S:p t,:.tL .1.978.

Earlv in October at Princeton the pr.incipa irL ver.:gaters and the iPri.nLeton

group will ;:Nther to check the drafts recc:ived ,ond to COIipllec L tLhe overvie..

statement. Purhops foIiowinn soc, intervening copy editing, a manuscripL

should hc b eady to presen o pub]lishers in the l.ae h fall.

The Nigerian project, after the difficult and delayed start re-

counted in earlier reports, also has been moving weil during the past year.

It reached i ts Firo t draft, major-project-mcc ing phase almost eleven months

after the Turkey e:nercige, but it now plans to accomplish the second "half''

of the work soacwha t more quickly than in the Turkish case. The meetinlg

mentioned was held at the University of Lagos, July 1.7-21. The American

contingent included ),ienen, the Princeton principal investigator, Lewis,

David More l L, and Donald Morrison (MlIT political scientist who had been

recruited to strentLen the pol it ical side of the study). As explained

below, t:hree colleagues from Egypt attended. Almo:;t all of the Nigerian

participant s; weren p.resent , althiough in something of a serial way because

of unforeson overlap with their University obligaLions. The latter had

been extended in t inite because of the closing of N igerian

univers ities du ring part of the spring). Mlos t of the papers were sub--.

stant lraL first drafts. Th.v were subjected to alt culary intensive

discussion, and this, :igaln, is cow being folewd up by the provision

of detail cd written com:m ents. It is expected that the revised papers

together with a pr.t]n[in ary overvilew draFutL will be ready for review at

a ,etin. !a n kyun - w.

AL pr.cq Li tie sv:r; pointL in tie Ni e;ian Set a ai mjor,

comrirelheSlnivu, e,-. ur'inial Setudy, "f the i.:W eer-.,:l -i , inrrgio 1.

and rura-u~brm ,o tiiy offuner s of the Nf,cr an odic'Liolal 3-nLM V-

Die om niah :.I :'.nu f; onri , a rather ra l-breaknl'.qIrn; ixvunA iton ofn tit er.quity

effects of financia] intermediaries by Teriba, a souid ri -c anaiysis

of income Lam'rat ion by Omerogiuwa, a careful analysv i, of industria".,l incomes

and policies by Fajana, the promise of some, very .i11..iM.nLinlg, previoutsl..y

unpubl1ished survey data on rural-urban cond.ti otlns and ;attitudy Lo be

presented by Marrison, drawing on the ideas and support of Nigeria's

leading pol tLticai r-,ic ntis:t, Professor Billy i)udley, and Bincn's gencral

poliJ.tical anal, ys is. There is a serviceable first draft Wso on recent economic

history by Rimor and work has hagun in the agricultural/rural areas. rhe

last needs much &verslop non , but reinforcement now has been recruited in

the parson of Dr. F.S. Idachaba, presently with the staff of the Inter-

national Food Policy Research insLitute.

in a sense , as fully expected, the Nigeria study is replete with

data problems, but: none has become a blocking factor; participants are

exhibi ting resoureaful ness in squeezing information from existin, sources.

Similiarly, analyvt ical mathodoo gy presents no disru pLive problems. Much

of it has been revicwed and criticized in great detail in the review of

individual draft papers, but: we expect responsive improvements in almost

all instances. Crtatn key conceptual and definitional issues still are

under debate within the project --- e.g., the dv din; 1ine between "rural''

and "urban," and Wich benchmarks should be used for defining uppur or

higher incomes. But these wi2 be resolved under the strong leadership of one of

the principai i i,,.ostig:,;tors, i'rofcmsor Victor Diejomnaoh, now the De.n of

Social ScLances at the University of Lagos.

to M1r . Siyc1'tonn' of AID, L) 0 i ri, prjOL fac.s a I'a !, pru)1 ::l.

The drpJuLL o f' "r-,; rc'.n-, : fun'd" ,. ra.n - , neid ol u:. oQL,iLiturs

beCau , K' tho ,- %. Trfnq K fi..on . eri a haH ,-:ri ui',d s cp thep-oj _, bumL w"4 dr.a ,a a Pr2s's , Y jomi'y C,,y>'' S.KU as

prineira';l !nvu4Kqni~aor nu,.ds modurait Supp.low:en tat~on, boLh hoca u ,e of

the heaW project responsILa i ties he is now so iy " car'.'iry n cq d :is a

mat:tcr of oCoTs-cuu:lr '; equicv undor clrcumst ces where Nig_;cri :in profession. i

salarloq probib[y,, arc at 1.,05 t as high a b Turkish and Egyptlan salaries.

Accordingly -- Ltre being nothing else E:queezable in either the Nigu -

part or the rest;of the p riect budget -- we strongly request a supplement

of $12,500. Tihs request has boon endorsed by Ambassador Don a.d iEns um.

In August 1977 the project agreement and budget were ame.nded to

cover a siml i .r sn)ulI t'y project in Eiypt, where, uildo," the lenodurs1hip of

Dr. Gouda Abdel-,halck, a team ofi Eg)ypLian social scientists, comparabie

in the L r nusibe rs , qua I f ty and into -di sc i piinary mi x to the Turkey and

Nigerian part[ Uc- 1pns, has been recruited. As projected from the beginning

of our Egvptian "e:.:prloration" and conftir.nmd at the project panning moetin>

he.d in C airo in Jonuarv 1.977, the Princeton principa investIgo ccr is PFofesr or

Robert Tignor, an economic historian, Also partIci athng aire po.o ,ical

scient.ists Fouad Ajami, lenrv Bienen, and Michael DaneIson, and economist s

Charles Issawi and John Lewis. Also (see below) the Dean of the Woodrow

Wilson School, Donald Stokes, has had occasion to become involved in his

capacity as a specialist in survey research.

At the turn of 1977-78 a small crisis occurred; it had been

arranged for the project to be administ:rari vely lodged in Cairo with the

Institute of National Pianuing, but a cbange of directors of that instituti.on

-.,~h S:no l er! '' , ....

made this no longer agreeable. Dr. 'bdue-!(halok quickly was abl- to find

a new home for the venture in the highly regarded National Council for

Sociological and Criminological Research headed by Dr. Uhriad M. Khalifa.

The AID/Egypt Mission, interested in the project and currently doing an

excellent job of monitoring it via Mission economic Peter Davis, has

been most helpfL1l with the provision of some reinforcing blocked-currency

funding. Thus the Mission made it possible for several of the Egyptian

participants to attend both the major conference reviewing the draft

-----Turkey- papers -at Wa ick in Ag -ist 197 7 id-the comparible' Nigeria. .

conference at Lagos in July 1978. These were useful learning experiences

for the Egyptians, and, equally, their comments and suggestions were

valuable to the authors of the Turkey and Nigerian papers.

Even more important, given the major recent data gaps in Egypt,

haO been the willingness of the AID,4 Mission to fund a major rural-urban

household survey, designed by the Egyptian participantsin consultation

with the National Council of Sociological and Criminological Research,

the organization,lhighly experienced in survey research, that is to conductII

the survey. Dean Donald Stokes was recruited in March to come to Egypt

as a consultant to the AID Mission for purposes of advising the Egyptians

on the design of the survey and its instruments. Although, after that,

the survey exercise seemed to be on track, a worrisome period came in

early June with' the news that Dr. Khalifa had decided to shelve the

venture -- as it turned out because of uneasiness about its sensitivity

in the light of the new political constraints the Egyptian government had

announced in May. However, Tignor, visiting in June, succeeded with the

Egyptian participants in culling a few more overtly sensitive questions

from the questionnaire without significantly weakening its value; and

-9- (

when Tiis and Bienen visited in mid-July Dr. Khalifa icndicateu his

intentien to proceed. This news came as a great relief to the Egyptian

participarts, both because a number of their individual studies are''

depending heavily on the survey and as a signal that, after a time of

questioning, the political acc ptability of the project and hence of

their participation in it seemed to have been reconfirmed.

A series of Princeton visits to the Egypt project is in progress.

Tignor, traveling with Stoke's, attended a multiday project meeting of the

Egp-a patcpnsi ar narch atwih hprogress

reports were presented and discussed. As indicated, Tignor visited again

for two weeks in June. Lewis and Bienen visited in July for five days

between their Istanbul and Lagos stops, consulting with Abdel-Khalek and

most of the Egyptian participants individually; Tignor will visit again

in September, and Ajami oill pay an cxtended (abo it six weeks) visit

beginning in September, partly to consult with counterparts, mainly to

work on his own contribution to the study.

In general the work is proceeding well and expeditiously. Several

papers already are in substantial preliminary draft or outline. New data

sources that have emerged in the past eighteen months have been identified

,and are being exploited; these together with the results of, the project's

"own survey should permit the completioL of a strong set of first drafts

now scheduled to be reviewed at a project meeting with several of the

Princeton group in January 1979. No major methodological problems are

evident. There have been some hitches: One (INI) agricultural economist

had to drop out and another (also INP) agricultural econOmist has been

recruited to take his place; his work therefore will somewhat lag tlhe

group. And the economist who, in the Egyptian group's own enthusiasm

to probe deeply, had been recruited empirically to penetrate the whole

1'

[issuc' of c"rrun on QzIT h, .- af tcr:A , o: SAl:1t- ;ovt .':'. ;:' I tm O I A !

tig'tonfn., in y, , tiought bu ttr of it: (not only for hi: own sake bit

the v'abiiI:, of tle .ioil trojcct) and dcided in';tid to write an incom(c

taxait ion1--a .&I ec t.L pli nly needed trating. We still A rc di;,-at -f ed

vith the thI an -, of- unrn: : i A on i-ss.,ueso in th E ,,'pt prject and 11l h.pe

to bri.", rmor of ,," ', ! i D i..ai -,on ' e::pert t:aa o bear. But on 'e wh&. _

prospects are ood. Foe PrineC : sioe lis been greatly s trngci. by

the addit ion to our faculty and research Lo;a.m of John W;terb rly who his

much e:xperience t Egypt and who will contribute an th1.o urban side.

Experience of: the pist year only reinforces an estima:-tu made in

last year,'s; annual report: the cross-country .ompatrabijlit, of the individual

country studies ,.is and will]. he considerably btter than was projected in

the original projoct propoasal. Tlis is becaue of the recasting of the

Nigeria prolject :,]ong 11 ne- of the Turkey coverage; the conformance of the

Egypt ,.'ni<n to the same puttern--and, i.ndeed, of the T'hai design if that

should a.o be, fundd (seeo below); the excent to w,,'hich we iave had cross-

project rep resentat ion in country--flocus meetings ; and selc Live reinforce-

merits of thc orfiina] tcae s (in all three countries) to fill gaps noteorthy

not only for their within-country signi.ficance but for their at Lentln in

the otler country q;tudiie, . At the same tiie, the thor of each country

stud; cpha :;izes riho inportance of focusing on aspects uniq uc to titi countr,

and in each case inplmer.taclo"i is proving faithful to this principle.

V. I)L[s: SO I;ti 'n and Ut i.lization

AED received copi es oF the Tuiey draft papers presented at

the Augcust j977 W:arwick. cot f'_.roce, Since the inproved drafts- presented

at 1st apibut 1 in ar Iv Jul arc so clone to cnmipltf(un, w2 :il nut provide

these unt il tha. ha:v_ undergeno final c..ivsLon and an overview chapter is

ccm:pleted--pro ,1 6Lfa re the eud of October 1978.

Some o th. papers by Princeton participnts are being distri Pute 1

routinely to sove,AI dozen agencies, institutes, libraries, and academic

departments An Resca rch Program ia Development Studies Discussion Papers.

Ihe distr iution lisat is appended. The majority of our participants are

LDC nationals, and many of them circulate their draft papers in their own

countries.

During the next few months the finished Turkoy man...cipt will

be ready for presenting to a commercial pubi sher, the Nigeria volume will

be ready by the late summer or fall of 1979 and the Egypt volumv by the

turn of 1919--80. We hope for but will not insist on a single publisher for

all thrce volumes, preferably one with 'ood distribution links in the res-

pective countries as; wel.l as the U1.S. The Turkish and Egyptian groups are

planning to make their own arrangements for the translacion and publication

of their respective velu:nes locally in Turkish and Arabic.

We believe that the hope an.iating the project, namely that its

final products will be of lively interest to policy makers, researchers,

and studentsc in the countries studied as well as in the U.S., other advanced

econemies, :nd th, moltilat ral agencies, remains realistic. Additi onall.y

the exerci; S i havin. t. .'-,'odcct effect of building ex-perience in

collabora.tive projo e t wacina I,ent 1ot simupl.y rw.varch in three rather largo

grol , of Li)C social Me i et 1 a nd one group of Amercan academics.

V WoP Plan

1. Turkey proje-, in the balance of 1978, follcwing .lly con-

ference discu:d a be: Septunbcr,. receipt of final drafts of papers:

October, revivu i naal drafts and complection of overview chapter; late

fall, sub is.,ion to publishe" .

2. Ni go i projcct, in 1978-79, fol lowing the July Lagos

meetings diIscu-; s. ab ve: by January , recei pt of revised drafts, work

on overviw C /I::::> ced b ienrury, mouoiug to considcr revised

drafts and di s,:; o,.,crviw fi rst dra "Ft; June , rec.ipt of final drafts;

August or Sept embe-r, cmpileLion o f ovorvie. and substantive editing,

submission of manuscript to a publishor.

3. Egypt project, 1978: Septembar-October, Tignor and Ajami

visits t.o Cairo; December, receipt of first, drafts of papers; 1979:

January, cunference to review f!rst drafts; June or July, meeting to

review revised drafts and consider first-draft overview; late summer or

early fall, receipt of final drafts; by about the end of calendar year,

complet ion of overview and substantive editing, submission of manuscript

to publisher.

4. Meanwhiiie, in accordance with the origi.nal four-country

concept of the project, after extensive interchange with a group of

putative Thai clolvgues, we have submitted to AID/Washington a draft

proposal for a similar project on inco:e (listribuation in "Thailand which,,

following revision, we hope may he accepted as a further amendment to the

overall project and be funded in lace FY1978 or early 01979. It will.

involve the same kind of approximately 2 1/2 year cycl.e as its predecessors.

' : i :: .. : : ' ,: I. ": ' ' . : : : . / . , :/ . ii , . '-!i : : . , . \ . : o ,!'i 'i +7' ;-ii!4 f ': , i!i ....

4,+.

5.I te o~iv ya binv W1 omec fo h rs

K,!

coutvVoa\ersormongr~ph~ ta' n~ar i'een ofthe'~opo1L~.. rojot

woo.On Lh NLI~ pr:2an moy .~ Nigerfar, 1LAh>~K: rhii.

are Pi .0' The1 'I'. y'p t W project is S .ffe':M LAV bl Qyi:s i

twou women par11cipatinn Theic p'roposedJ iht projecL parC[E inL s are mobu1 y

o)f Thi i Iat .Ub1 iL 1 , w.' on l femWlt2ai JA;r ini 2l LIVeS i a Lor and c'ne fecmale!

parLICIpant.

Thle Ar We Lon na rL i2 c paII Ls , draw.n f rom: the ranks of exisI till"

Inuly emhers5, are all wht m:1ccIales ; one is a nat ive of Lebanon,

another o1f Eg~ypt.

Prufc:,r i. . ,, ,t , rcLr o I . pro',.Ct, '.ill , 1 Y; j:

in Lt. j u ry i T , '.,.' of i n riaatio 'y tit U.3. i '_, prob,,Le c lec 01'.

,S the e.:.L tt Of W::,. - .I 1c, hu';..'ver, &;Op..- Lo rern ;. tLially

aictive, K. tho, proje-, " U M 14 , se,.ni ,;:. letted ;:CO, int , O?. iv.Si:q. M.: ,C- r'tlinl

paperq, ,. ,ti ;na'.un; V t nt Princetn'. Nial cross-ptojct ca:.:noLa:.

In his ,.qt, ; ProQ>.:sr M,. cnn il.l assuma the directcrship of the project

and of RPi ..

Reinforcement of the Princeton economics input will he provided

by Ass istLtL Pro,_ssr John Page, now of the Stanford Food Research

rlS i LuL, ho is i .oiin Princeton's Woodrow Wi.son Schoaol nod -coaominecs

Deartrment in Sopt.-hour 1978, vury probablv by a sunicr devel. moenct

-'onom:fn sL o ho r.c:_i' ted during 1978-79, and by the use where appropri!to

of cconomic 0 COn s ultaints! t.Fromn other AparI ni Un univ'ersit10 (e.g., bent Hansar

of the Unive rsi tv of Ca if..o rn ia, Berkeley, in the case of the Lgypt project).

R.P.I).S. has ,Iuqt boer oiugmentcd by the arrival (in July 1978)

of Dr. John Waterbutirv a; Research Vol.1tical Scientist and Lecturer with

the rank of Aos-oc iatu Professor. It wil..l be involved in the Egvt and the

proposed Thaiiland prujucts as well is in the cross-countrv work.

Thanks to the addition of Dc. Waterbury and the capabilities of

an able team of s50cretarit. hoeaded by Adinis trat ive Sc ncrotary Jean Nase,

it has beon puss ib.e for .. O).S. to economize by elQnt L[ining, as of

August 1978, the poSi lon of Ex:ecutive Assistant fcrmerly held by Susan

Chizeck. However, ,e s;t and ready, as the work requires, to appoint now

research assistants and to employ part-time editors.

Rcr n3M, v . .73O ..;.. N W , .W tnto, D.C. 2u036 1 .

--7TI _________) T~e 649

~ t~INOTICEi 4rJ rniSUPPONTItO 0WZAN:ZA 110N; 3JPF~Ck ri 1ANIZATION NU,.IriPI:

contract No: otr-c-"1492

Agency for International. D~velopmbcnt adonrt

Less Developed C guitrv fncome Distribution and Public Policy _

INV V TIGATOR 15): vI*FATME C 1,; LTYYh rjT~i jijio

John P. Lewis 4oodrow" Wilson Sche'ol of PublicDirector, Research Program in and International AffairsDevelopment Studies i

PERIOD 'RTISN :P [R~~~AF C flINO O GOAIZATION. DP£IO '.1 HSN P

Name and Woodrow Wilson SchooI Start Date; June 30, 1976Address: Prospect Avenue End Date: March 31, 1980Including Princeton University Annual Funding: $722,618 (Approx.)Zip Code. Princeton, New Jersey 08540

PnOjUCT SUI4MAIY: Be -br ief-200 word MaXIrnuxn: (include objective, Approach,Current Plans and/or Progres;s)

Project objectives are to assist developing countries and donoragcncies .n meeting their need for a better understanding of ways toimprove formulation and implementation of social equity objectiveswithin thecontext of economic development efforts.

Work is proceeding on studying the economic and political aspectsof income distribution, especially the effects of government policieson distributional outcomes in Turkey, Nigeria, and Egypt. Subjects

being addressed are the general economics, politics, and historical-ideological framing of income distribution, rural/agricultural, rural-urban, and urban dimensions, and the equity of taxation, agriculturalpolicies, education, other public services, industrial policies andunionization. Draft of the papers on Turkey are in their final stages;it is expected that a manuscript will be ready for a publisher beforethe end of 1978. The Nigeria papers are in preliminary draft, havingbeen collectively reviewed by the participants. The Egypt papers,whose authors are in process of receiving a series of visits byPrinceton participants, are well underway; first drafts are expectedin January 1.979.

IX. BUDGET

Line item No./ Expended fro.mi Expcnded from6/0/76 to 6 3077 to6/30/77 6/ 30/,' 7 emaining Total

I. Subject to only nominalPrinceton UniversityIndirect Costs:

A. Turkev Courtry Studv Costs S46,380 S 9,303 31,517 S 87, 40

I. Saiar' 7,500 1,500 ,500 15.15002. CoIsuitants 11,500 7,773 i3,227 32,5003. Local research expenses 27,580 30 11,790 39.400

B. Nicerin Countrv Studv Costs- 21.090 32,0SS 26,422 79. A,2

4., 5. Salary and consultants 4,975 7,968 16,457 39,-006. Local research expenses 16,115 2;,120 (-35) 40,200

C. '-:'t Country Stud' Costs 36,075 87,550 123,025

8. Salarv -- 3,000 -,500 7,5009. Consultants -- 10,625 24 375 35,000

10. Local r,--rh expenses -- 22,450 33.675 56,125ii. lnzurna:ional travel ,ad -- 0 25,000 25,000

D. C>-ereatq -nJd.,eetings- 25,498 18,767 51075 95,840

7. Plannina nf..v:, 'or12.! M a:i:,ria, ..". pc,: "fourth13. country": :twr..ional17. tr:v:o , i:-caz - per diem,18. , and in-c.',ntv tr-v, of19. i'rInCetn p,, <i'ant;, cross-

c,.unzrv, t,!.sk fnr} '.e meertings

IX. BULGET (c -utinued)

Subtotal: categoriesA., B., C., D. $ 93,168 $ 96,233 $ 19 ,064 S 336,"'65

14. Princeton indirect costs" A., B., C., D. 3,120 0 l -1 0 5,200

SUBTOTAL: Items subjectto onty nominal Princetonindirect costs $ 96,288 S Q6,233 S 199,144 $ 391,o65

II. Subject to USG-Apnroved PrincetonUniversity Iniirect Cost RateE. Pr41nceto: -'.n rsitv Costs- "3,193 56,7? 234,668 334.00

15. % i nd fringe benefits 17,139 33,799 105,496 156,43416. Rcoser assistants 5,082 1,531 4,787 11,40020. Duplicat1(n and printing 0 0 21,000 21,00021. EdftoriI,- aistance 0 0 6,000 6,00022. R's'-arci oord ination 6,198 1,995 5,807 14,00

Subtotal: 1Princeton directcosts $ 28,419 $ 37,325 S 143,090 . 208,834

23. Indirect 'osts--/

(a) Through F'Y 1978 ,3 52% 14,779 19,409

(b) Beginning ,7it FY 19793 64?. 91,578

Indirect costs: (a) plus (b) 125,766

GRAND TOTAL $ 139,486 S 152,967 S 433,812 $ 726.265

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2 Appendiix B

Nige~r La:

Dr Emmanuel Anusionwu Prjf. Bade OnimrodeDep )t . o f E f-0 onj i cs .Dept. of EconomicsUniversity of Lagos University of IbadanLagos, Nigeria Ibadan, Nigeria

Dr. M.A.O. Ayeni Prof. Donald MorrisonLecture2r Dept. of Political ScienceDept. of Geography M.IT.University of Ibadan Cambridge, Mass. 02139Ibadan, Nigeria

Prof., Douglas RimnierProf. Victor P. Eiejomaoh Deputy DirectorFaculty of Social Sciences Center for West African StudiesUniversity of Lagos University of BirmingbamLagos, Nigeria Box 363

Birmingham, England BI5 2TTProf. Billy DudleyHead, 'Dept. of- Political- Science-- Prof. .P-*0 *SadaUniversity of Ibadan University of BeninIbadan, Nigeria PMB 1154

Benin City, NigeriaDr. S. FajanaDept. of Economics Prof. 0. TeribaUniversity of Lagos Dept. of EconomicsL.agos, Nigeria University of Ibadan

Ibadan, NigeriaDr. F.S. IdachabaDept. of Agricultural EconomicsUniversity of IbadanIbadan, Nigeria

(currently at International Food PolitcyResearch Institute

1776 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.Washington, DC 20036)

Prof. J.0. OdufaluDept. of EconomicsUniversity of LagosLagos, Nigeria

Prof. Dupe OlatunbosunModern Agriculttiral Industries & Consultancies3 Olubi Close New Bodija Ext., Ltd.Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

Dr. P. Ada OmorogiuwaP.M.B. 1135Benin City, Nigeria

;..~~ % C . . , . . -- , - . - . - . . - - - - -

Ap pendix: Bpage 3

k~Turkey:

Prof. M. Ataman Aksov Ms. Ayse OncuDept. of Economics Bogazici UiversityMiddle East Technical University P.K. 2, BebekAnkara, Turkey Istanbul, Turkey

Ms. Sevgi Aral Prof. Ergun OzbudunDept. of Sociology Kader S. 1/8Middle East Technical Univ. Gazi Osman PasaAnkara, Turkey Ankara, Turkey

Prof. Oguz Ari Prof. Selcuk OzgedizDept. of Social Science Bogamici UniversityBogazici University P.K. 2, BebekP.K. '2, Bebek Istanbul, TurkeyIstnuTre

Prof. Aydin UlusanDr. Metin Bark 902 Olympic TowersDept. of Economics 645 Fifth AvenueBogazici University New. York, NY 10022P.K. 2, BebekIstanbul, Turkey

Prof. Ustun ErguderDept. of Political ScienceBogazici UniversityP.K. 2, BebekIstanbul, Turkey

Dr. Rusen KelesDept. of Political ScienceAnkara UniversityAnkara, Turkey

Charles K. MannWheat Research & Training CenterP. 0. Box 226Ankara, Turkey

Dean Serif MardinFaculty of Administrative SciencesBogazici UniversityPIK. 2, DebekIstanbul, Turkey

Prof. Maksut MumcuogluFaculty of LawAnkara UniversityAnkara, Turkey