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1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century

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Page 1: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

1900-1930

Chapter 8: Into A New Century

Page 2: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

Predictions/Questions

Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20th Century – what will this bring for the United States? For African Americans? For women?

Page 3: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

First in Flight

Page 4: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

First in Flight

December 3, 1903 – The Wright brothers’ first successful flight in Kitty

Hawk, NC First flight lasted approximately 12 seconds; last flight

almost a minute Four successful flights in all that day

Page 5: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

First in Flight

Page 6: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

http://www.history.com/topics/wright-brothers/videos#wright-brothers-test-flight-1909

http://www.history.com/topics/wright-brothers/videos#wright-brothers-are-first-in-flight

http://www.history.com/topics/wright-brothers/videos
http://www.history.com/topics/wright-brothers/videos
http://www.history.com/topics/wright-brothers/videos
http://www.history.com/topics/wright-brothers/videos
Page 7: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

An Age of Growth & Conflict

The new century brought flying machines, radio broadcasts, skyscrapers and electricity

Technology sped up industrial growth Towns and cities grew New schools opened New roads were built

Page 8: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

An Age of Growth & Conflict

Social and political problems proved harder to handle

Blacks still held back by racial segregationTenant farmers/sharecroppers still struggledFactory jobs were difficultEconomy produced prosperity as well as

poverty

Page 9: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

Textile Mills

North Carolina South’s most industrialized state Nation’s leading maker of wood furniture

Hundreds of textile mills opened Cheap labor and easy access to cotton Few textile mills were open to blacks

Page 10: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

Growth of Industry

Growth of Industry

Business profits helped build

towns, churches, schools,

hospitals & libraries

Shaped new social class – the working

class

Increased the number of

middle-class professionals, like

lawyers, merchants &

managers

Page 11: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

The Power of Electricity

Thomas Edison – http://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/

famoushistoricalfigures/thomasedison/

Engineers developed machines that used river flow to produce electricity – hydroelectricity

Textile mills were powered by hydroelectricity More and more people built textile mills across region

Page 12: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

Life as a Mill Worker

Everyone was expected to work – even young children

Mill owners built villages around plants and rented homes to workers

Provided a steadier income than sharecropping, but less independence Could issue a village curfew Could cut off electricity at any point

Page 13: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

“Welfare Work”

“Welfare work:” Education and entertainment programs started by mill owners in villages to keep workers from moving Built community centers Sponsored brass bands, baseball teams, home

economic classes, etc Created contests that rewarded for the best-kept yard

or cutest baby

Owners wanted to develop habits and goals to make workers successful

Page 14: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

“Welfare Work”

Do we have anything today to compare to the “welfare work” of the textile mills? What do employers or managers do today to build morale in their companies?

Page 15: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

“Welfare Work”

Do we have anything today to compare to the “welfare work” of the textile mills? What do employers or managers do today to build morale in their companies? Gift cards Bonuses Company sports teams Trips to the highest sales numbers Reserved parking spot at work Gym memberships Company car to use

Page 16: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

The Progressive Era

Reformers worked to make US orderly, safe and prosperous Programs to address housing and sanitation

challenges Programs to educate young people “Settlement houses” for urban families Charities to improve school and combat diseases

Government became more involved in regulating businesses and planning for growth

Page 17: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

Regulation & Safety

Theodore Roosevelt – Started the US Forest Service Regulated big businesses by creating agencies like the

FDA Introduced income tax to pay for government agencies Created program to regulate banking

http://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/famoushistoricalfigures/theodoreroosevelt/

http://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/famoushistoricalfigures/theodoreroosevelt/
http://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/famoushistoricalfigures/theodoreroosevelt/
Page 18: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

Improving State Schools

Schools became the focus of NC’s Progressive reforms

Thousands of new schools were built across the state

“Graded” schooling – Students organized into grades Tested on what they learned School term expanded to 6 months

Page 19: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

Fight Against Child Labor

Factory owners – Kept wages low Trained new generation of workers Thought they were better off working than sitting in

classroom

Progressive reformers – Damaged children’s health Denied them opportunities Would never have a chance to improve their lives

Page 20: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

Fight Against Child Labor

1916: US Congress passed a law against hiring children under age 14

NC mill owners challenged the law Argued that parents, not government, had the right to

decide when children should workSupreme Court agreed – struck down law1938: Fair Labor Standards Act was passed

Page 21: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

Fight Against Child Labor

Newt Gingrich: Child labor laws 'truly stupid'

http://articles.latimes.com/2011/nov/21/news/la-pn-gingrich-child-labor-20111121

http://articles.latimes.com/2011/nov/21/news/la-pn-gingrich-child-labor-20111121
http://articles.latimes.com/2011/nov/21/news/la-pn-gingrich-child-labor-20111121
Page 22: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

Fight Against Child Labor

http://www.learn360.com/ShowVideo.aspx?ID=143442

http://www.learn360.com/ShowVideo.aspx?ID=141015

http://www.learn360.com/ShowVideo.aspx?ID=143442
http://www.learn360.com/ShowVideo.aspx?ID=141015
Page 23: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

Fight Against Child Labor

Do the advantages of child labor outweigh the disadvantages?

Write a short paragraph outlining the pros or cons of child labor during this era.

You have 10 minutes to complete this assignment.

Page 24: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

Separate but Unequal

Discrimination and segregationNC set up 2 public school systems, one for

blacks and one for whites Black school: “rickety, wooden structure surrounded

by a bare clay wall” White school: “school made out of brick with a well-

kept green lawn. Their playground, a wonderland of iron swings, sand slides, see-saws, crossbars, and a basketball court was barred from us by a strong 8-foot-high fence topped by barbed wire”

Page 25: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

Jim Crow Laws

Plessy vs. Ferguson: states could legally establish “separate but equal” institutions for blacks

States followed “separate” but ignored “equal”

Laws forced blacks to ride in separate railroad cars, sit in the back of buses, couldn’t buy houses in white neighborhoods, etc.

Page 26: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

Customs & Culture

Employers: hired whites for skilled jobs, blacks for unskilled jobs

Manners: whites called blacks by first name, blacks expected to use “ma’am” and “sir”

Blacks expected to give up bus seats to whites, and to step off the sidewalk when whites were passing

Page 27: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

Customs & Culture

Failure to follow unwritten rules usually resulted in violence and lynching

Lynch: to seize someone believed to have committed a crime and put the person to death immediately without a trial

Lynchers took pictures of violence and set them as postcards

Page 28: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

Revival of the Klan

Black inferiority – became a theme in national popular culture

Books/movies about noble southern whites and foolish or violent blacks became popular

The Birth of the Nation: Country’s first major feature film Controversial and popular Praised members of the KKK as heroes President Woodrow Wilson praised film

Page 29: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

The Birth of a Nation

“The Civil War divides friends and destroys families, but that's nothing compared to the anarchy in the black-ruled South after the war”

The movie is also credited as one of the events that inspired the formation of the "second era" Ku Klux Klan at Stone Mountain, GA in the same year.

The Birth of a Nation was used as a recruiting tool for the KKK

http://archive.org/details/dw_griffith_birth_of_a_nation

http://archive.org/details/dw_griffith_birth_of_a_nation
http://archive.org/details/dw_griffith_birth_of_a_nation
Page 30: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

Race in Fiction

Read the two short passages on page 285.

After reading the passages, answer questions 1-5 on a sheet of notebook paper.

Answer all questions in complete sentences.

Page 31: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

African Americans Fight Back

W.E.B. DuBois – New York City Writer and speaker Urged blacks to fight for rights

Booker T. Washington South President of Tuskegee University Urged blacks to focus on building up their institution

Page 32: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

The North Carolina Mutual

The North Carolina Mutual – one of NC’s most prominent black institutions

Turned discrimination into an opportunity Most companies refused to sell insurance to blacks Had the entire African American market to itself

Became the largest black-owned financial institution in the nation

Page 33: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring
Page 34: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

http://www.ncmutuallife.com/newsite/pages/about.html

“Since its beginning in 1898, North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company has grown to become one of the nation's most widely-known and successful business institutions. North Carolina Mutual is the oldest and largest African American life insurance company in the United States.”

http://www.ncmutuallife.com/newsite/pages/about.html
http://www.ncmutuallife.com/newsite/pages/about.html
Page 35: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

Palmer Memorial Institute

Charlotte Hopkins Brown – one of the state’s most well-known black educators

Most whites would only donate $ if blacks were taught the “right” thing Learning to be maids, bricklayers, and farmers

Brown advertised her school as a “vocational” institution – a school that teaches a trade

Many local whites donated $ to it

Page 36: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

The Great War

European countries began fighting over land and power

Early 1900s – separated into 2 alliances – Allies and Central Powers

War began in 1914 when an assassin murdered Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary

Europeans expected the war to be short but they were wrong

Page 37: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

The Great War

US tried to stay out of trouble in Europe

Neutrality proved difficult US economy depended on exports to Europe European blockades made shipping dangerous

1917: German submarines began attacking US ships

President Wilson declared war – “a battle for the ideals of democracy championed by the US and Great Britain”

Page 38: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring
Page 39: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

World War 1 Powers

Allied Powers

Central Powers

Neutral nationsPortugal

Great BritainFranceBelgiumRussia

RomaniaSerbia

MontenegroAlbaniaGreeceCyprusCorsica

United States

GermanyAustria-Hungary

ItalyBulgariaSardinia

Ottoman Empire

SpainNetherlandsSwitzerland

DenmarkNorwaySwedenIceland

Page 40: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

North Carolina in the War

North Carolinians differed over whether the US should go to war

More than 80,000 North Carolinians served in the war More than 20,000 of those were black

Fighting = terrible experience Lived in muddy trenches Frequently attacked with poison gas Newly developed weapons such as tanks, machine

guns, fighter aircrafts, etc

Page 41: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

World War I

Trench Warfare http://www.history.com/topics/trench-warfare/videos#t

rench-warfare

WWI firsts http://www.history.com/topics/trench-warfare/videos#

causes-of-world-war-i

Causes of WWI http://www.history.com/topics/trench-warfare/videos#

wwi-firsts

http://www.history.com/topics/trench-warfare/videos
http://www.history.com/topics/trench-warfare/videos
http://www.history.com/topics/trench-warfare/videos
http://www.history.com/topics/trench-warfare/videos
http://www.history.com/topics/trench-warfare/videos
http://www.history.com/topics/trench-warfare/videos
Page 42: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

Trench Warfare

Page 43: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

Mills and Army Camps

Men fighting in war women working in factories

Increased demand for goods increased crop prices, textile wages, and factory profits boosted economy

US Army opened 3 training camps in North Carolina Camp Greene (Charlotte) Camp Polk (Raleigh) Camp Bragg (Fort Bragg)

Page 44: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

The Great Migration

Within 6 years, more than 300,000 African Americans left the south

From 1916-1930, over 1 million African Americans moved to the North and West

Philadelphia and New York became major destinations

Advantages: Jobs paid more Schools were better Blacks were allowed to vote

Page 45: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

The War Ends

November 11, 1918: Germany surrendered

Woodrow Wilson – “a war to end all wars”

Treaty of Versailles – officially ended the war

Page 46: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

The League of Nations

Meant to mediate disputes between nations, in order to prevent future wars

US Senate wanted US the remain independent of international organizations

Senate rejected Treaty of Versailles and refused to allow the US to join the League of Nations

Page 47: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

The Roaring 20s

WWI changed American society in many ways Economic spark Wealth brought to new areas Advances in transportation and communication

Young people – loved dancing to new music, working in new jobs, and going on dates in cars

Older people – worried that the world they knew was coming to an end

Page 48: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

“Good Roads State”

Cameron Morrison – promised to improve roads Helped pass a law that created hundreds of miles of

paved highways

NC became known as the “good roads state”

Improved roads + decreased car prices = increased car buying

“Roadhouses” = popular dance clubs along the roads

Page 49: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

The Rise of Radio

NC’s first radio station – started in Charlotte chicken coop WBT-Charlotte still exists today

By 1920s, radio became a part of everyday life

Families gathered around radio to hear news, farm reports, dramas, comedy shows, and music

Page 50: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

Prohibition

Drinking, selling, or making alcohol was prohibited in the US

1909: NC voted to ban alcohol

1920: States ratified the 18th Amendment, which prohibited the manufacture, sale or transportation of alcoholic beverages in the country

Page 51: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring
Page 52: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring
Page 53: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

Prohibition

Prohibition did not stop drinking

Increased business for people who made and sold it illegally – “bootleggers”

Gangsters grew rich by buying and selling illegal alcohol

1933: States passed the 21st Amendment, which repealed the 18th Amendment

Page 54: 1900-1930 Chapter 8: Into A New Century. Predictions/Questions Reconstruction has ended and we are moving into the 20 th Century – what will this bring

Women’s Suffrage

Many men did not think women should have the right to vote – women continued to fight for their rights

19th Amendment – gave women the right to vote

NC was not among the states to ratify the amendment

Charlotte Hawkins Brown – organized black women to register to vote


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