(1903-1950). real name: eric blair british political novelist born: to english parents in india
TRANSCRIPT
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Real Name: Eric Blair
British Political Novelist
Born: To English parents in India
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After his father retired, Eric and his family moved back to England.
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He was sent to boarding school at the age of eight to prepare for Eton, an exclusive prep school.
Because he had a scholarship, he was teased and humiliated frequently.
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At eighteen, he passed the Empire’s Civil Service Exam and became a police officer
in Burma.
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Returned in Europe
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Socialist: someone who believes that the government should own businesses so that everyone will be equal
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Most fables have two levels of meaning. On the surface, the fable is about animals. But on a second level, the animals stand for types of people or ideas. The way the animals interact and the way the plot unfolds says something about the nature of people or the value of ideas. Any type of fiction that has multiple levels of meaning in this way is called an allegory.
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A composition making fun of something, usually political.
Animal Farm makes fun of political society after the Bolshevik Revolution.
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Russian society in the early twentieth century had two social classes: a tiny minority (bourgeoisie) controlled the country’s wealth.
The working class was called the proletariat.
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Communism arose in Russia when the nation’s workers & peasants rebelled against and overwhelmed the wealthy and powerful class of capitalists & aristocrats.
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Farmer JonesA drunk and a poor farmer,
his cruelty towards the farm animals inspires their rebellion.
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Farmer Jones = Czar Nicholas II
• Farmer Jones– The irresponsible owner of the
farm
– Lets his animals starve and beats them with a whip
– Sometimes shows random kindness
• Czar Nicholas II– Weak Russian leader during the
early 1900s
– Often cruel and brutal to his subjects
– Displays isolated kindess
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SnowballA clever pig with a head for ideas,
he becomes one of the main leaders of Animal Farm and
the author of its central commandments.
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Snowball = Leon Trotsky
• Snowball– Boar who becomes one of the
rebellion’s most valuable leaders. – After drawing complicated plans for
the construction of a windmill, he is chased off of the farm forever by Napoleon’s dogs and thereafter used as a scapegoat for the animals’ troubles.
• Leon Trotsky– A pure communist leader who was
influenced by the teachings of Karl Marx.
– He wanted to improve life for people in Russia, but was driven away by Lenin’s KGB.
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NapoleonA pig with a gift for techniques of control,
he establishes most of the farm’s rules and eventually
becomes its sole leader.
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Napoleon = Joseph Stalin• Napoleon
– Boar who leads the rebellion against Farmer Jones
– After the rebellion’s success, he systematically begins to control all aspects of the farm until he is an undisputed tyrant.
• Joseph Stalin– The communist dictator of the Soviet
Union from 1922-1953 who killed all who opposed him.
– He loved power and used the KGB (secret police) to enforce his ruthless, corrupt antics.
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Old Major An elderly show pig whose instruction to the animals
about "animalism" becomes the philosophical basis
for the creation of Animal Farm.
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Characters• Old Major
– An old boar whose speech about the evils perpetrated by humans rouses the animals into rebelling.
– His philosophy concerning the tyranny of Man is named Animalism.
– He teaches the animals the song “Beasts of England”
– Dies before revolution
• Karl Marx– The inventor of communism– Wants to unite the working class to
overthrow the government.– Dies before the Russian Revolution
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SquealerA pig with the ability to make any
idea sound reasonable, he is Napoleon's side-kick
and is in charge of communicating to the animals.
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Squealer vs. Propaganda Dept. of Stalin’s Government
Squealer• Big mouth, talks a lot• Convinces animals to
believe and follow Napoleon
• Changes and manipulates the commandments
Propaganda Department• Worked for Stalin to
support his image• Used any lie to
convince the people to follow Stalin
• Benefited from the fact that education was controlled
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BoxerA strong and hard-working carthorse,
he shows tremendous faith in the rebellion and its leaders.
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Boxer vs. Dedicated, but Tricked, Communist Supporters
Boxer• Strong, hard-working
horse – believes in Animal Farm
• “Napoleon is always right”, “I must work harder”
• Gives his all, is betrayed by Napoleon
Dedicated, but Tricked Supporters
• People believed Stalin b/c he was “Communist”
• Many stayed loyal after it was obvious Stalin was a tyrant
• Betrayed by Stalin who ignored and killed them
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The Dogs vs. KGB (Secret Police)
The Dogs• A private army that used
fear to force animals to work
• Killed or intimidated any opponent of Napoleon
• Another part of Napoleon’s strategy to control animals
KGB (Secret Police)• Not really police but
forced support for Stalin• Used force, often killed
entire families for disobedience
• Totally loyal, part of Stalin’s power, even over army
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Moses the Raven vs. Religion
Moses the Raven• Tells animals about
SugarCandy mountain• Animals can go there if they
work hard• Snowball and Major were
against him• They thought Heaven was a
lie to make animals work• Napoleon let him stay b/c he
taught animals to work and not complain
Religion• Marx said, “Opiate of the
people” – A LIE!• Used to make people not
complain and do their work• Religion was tolerated b/c
people would work• Stalin knew religion would
stop violent revolutions
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Mollie the Mare vs. Vain, selfish people in Russia and world
Mollie the Mare• Was vain – loved her
beauty and self• Didn’t think about the
Animal Farm• Went with anyone
who gave her what she wanted
Vain, selfish Russian people• Some people didn’t care
about revolution• Only thought about
themselves• Went to other countries
that offered more for them
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Benjamin vs. Skeptical people in and outside of Russia
Benjamin• Old, wise donkey who
is suspicious of revolution
• Thinks “nothing ever changes” – is RIGHT!
• His suspicions are true about Boxer and sign changes
Skeptical people• Weren’t sure revolution
would change anything• Realized that a crazy
leader can call himself “communist”
• Knew that Communism wouldn’t work with hungry leaders
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Animalism = Communism• Animalism
– Taught by Old Major
– No rich, but no poor
– Better life for workers
– All animals are equal
– Everyone owns the farm
• Communism– Invented by Karl Marx
– All people are equal
– Government owns everything
– People own the government
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Animal Farm Revolution = Russian Revolution
• Animal Farm Revolution– Was supposed to make life
better for all, but . . .• Life was worse at the end.
• The leaders became the same as, or worse than the other farmers (humans) they rebelled against.
• Russian Revolution– Was supposed to fix the
problems created by the Czar, but . . .
• Life was even worse after the revolution.
• Stalin made the Czar look like a nice guy.
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More CharactersPilkington
Jones' neighbor, he finds a way to profit from Animal Farm by forming an alliance with the
pigs. Muriel
A goat who believes in the rebellion, she watches as Animal Farm slips away from its
founding principles. The Sheep
Not tremendously clever, the sheep remind themselves of the principles of animalism by
chanting "four legs good, two legs bad."
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Characters and Their Historical Correlation
• Muriel: Goat, helps convey the rules/7 commandments
• Mr. Jones: Manor Farm, Tsar Nicholas II
• Mr. Frederick: Pinchfield Farm, Hitler/Nazi Germany
• Mr. Pilkington: Foxwood Farm, Capitalist England/U.S.A.
• Mr. Whymper: Human Solicitor, ties humans and animals together
• Jessie and Bluebell/Pups: Dogs, Stalin’s brute force-rep. of Hitler’s brainwashed society
• Minimus: Poet Pig, Manipulator of History (Songs)