1910.134andappendicessecure.sawconcrete.com/info/safetydocs/safety_program...1910.134(b) defmitions....

1910.134ANDAPPENDICES

Standard Number: 1910.134 Canister or cartridge means a container. with a filter,STANDARD TITLE: RESPIRATORY PROTECTION sorbent, or catalyst, or combination of these items,

SubPart Number: I which removes specific contaminants from the airSubPart Title: Personal Protective Equipment passed through the container.

This section applies to General Industry (part 1910), Demand respirator means an atmosphere-supplyingShipyards (part 1915), Marine Terminals (part 1917).. respirator that admits breathing air to the facepieceLongshoring (part 1918), and Construction (part only when a negative pressure is created inside the1926). facepiece by inhalation.

1910.134(a) Permissible practice. Emergency situation means any occurrence such as,but not limited to, equipment failure, rupture of

(a)(I) In the control of those occupational diseases containers, or failure of control equipment that maycaused by breathing air contaminated with harmful or does result in an uncontrolled significant release ofdusts, fogs, fumes, mists, gases, smokes, sprays, or an airborne contaminant.vapors, the primary objective shall be to preventatmospheric contamination. This shall be Employee exposure means exposure to aaccomplished as far as feasible by accepted concentration of an airborne contaminant that wouldengineering control measures (for example, enclosure occur if the employee were not using respiratoryor confinement of the operation, general and local protection.ventilation, and substitution of less toxic materials).When effective engineering controls are not feasible, End-of-service-life indicator (ESLI) means a systemor while they are being instituted, appropriate that warns the respirator user of the approach of therespirators shall be used pursuant to this section. end of adequate respiratory protection, for example,

that the sorbent is approaching saturation or is no(a)(2) Respirators shall be provided by the employer longer effective.when such equipment is necessary to protect thehealth of the employee. The employer shall provide Escape-only respirator means a respirator intended tothe respirators which are applicable and suitable for be used only for emergency exit.the purpose intended. The employer shall beresponsible for the establishment and maintenance of Filter or air purifying element means a componenta respiratory protection program which shall include used in respirators to remove solid or liquid aerosolsthe requirements outlined in paragraph (c) of this from the inspired air.section.

Filtering facepiece (dust mask) means a negative1910.134(b) Defmitions. The following defmitions pressure particulate respirator with a filter as anare important terms used in the respiratory protection integral part of the facepiece or with the entirestandard in this section. facepiece composed of the filtering medium.

Air-purifying respirator means a respirator with an Fit factor means a quantitative estimate of the fit of aair-purifying filter, cartridge, or canister that removes particular respirator to a specific individual, andspecific air contaminants by passing ambient air typically estimates the ratio of the concentration of athrough the air-purifying element. substance in ambient air to its concentration inside

the respirator when worn.Assigned protection factor (APF) [Reserved]

Fit test means the use of a protocol to qualitatively orAtmosphere-supplying respirator means a respirator quantitatively evaluate the fit of a respirator on anthat supplies the respirator user with breathing air individual. (See also Qualitative fit test QLFT andfrom a source independent of the ambient Quantitative fit test QNFT.)atmosphere, and includes supplied-air respirators(SARs) and self-contained breathing apparatus Helmet means a rigid respiratory inlet covering that(SCBA) units. also provides head protection against impact and

penetration.

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1910.134 AND APPENDICES

High efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter means afilter that is at least 99.97% efficient in removing Pressure demand respirator means a positive pressuremonodisperse particles of 0.3 micrometers in atmosphere-supplying respirator that admitsdiameter. The equivalent NIOSH 42 CFR 84 breathing air to the facepiece when the positiveparticulate filters are the NIOO, RI00, and PI00 pressure is reduced inside the facepiece by inhalation.filters.

. Qualitative fit test (QLFT) means a pass/fail fit test toHood means a respiratory inlet covering that assess the adequacy of respirator fit that relies on thecompletely covers the head and neck and may also individual's response to the test agent.cover portions of the shoulders and torso.

Quantitative fit test (QNFT) means an assessment ofImmediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) the adequacy of respirator fit by numericallymeans an atmosphere that poses an immediate threat measuring the amount of leakage into the respirator.to life, would cause irreversible adverse healtheffects, or would impair an individual's ability to Respiratory inlet covering means that portion of aescape from a dangerous atmosphere. respirator that forms the protective barrier between

the user's respiratory tract and an air-purifying deviceInterior structural fIrefighting means the physical or breathing air source, or both. It may be aactivity of fIre suppression, rescue or both, inside of facepiece, helmet, hood, suit, or a mouthpiecebuildings or enclosed structures which are involved respirator with nose clamp.in a fire situation beyond the incipient stage. (See 29CFR 1910.155) Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) means an

atmosphere- supplying respirator for which theLoose-fitting facepiece means a respiratory inlet breathing air source is designed to be carried by thecovering that is designed to form a partial seal with user.the face.

Service life means the period of time that a respirator,Maximum use concentration (MUC) [Reserved]. filter or sorbent, or other respiratory equipment

provides adequate protection to the wearer.Negative pressure respirator (tight fitting) means arespirator in which the air pressure inside the Supplied-air respirator (SAR) or airline respiratorfacepiece is negative during inhalation with respect means an atmosphere-supplying respirator for whichto the ambient air pressure outside the respirator. the source of breathing air is not designed to be

carried by the user.Oxygen deficient atmosphere means an atmospherewith an oxygen content below 19.5% by volume. This section means this respiratory protection

standard.Physician or other licensed health care professional Tight-fitting facepiece means a respiratory inlet(PLHCP) means an individual whose legally covering that forms a complete seal with the face.permitted scope of practice (i.e., license, registration,or certification) allows him or her to independently User seal check means an action conducted by theprovide, or be delegated the responsibility to provide, respirator user to determine if the respirator issome or all of the health care services required by properly seated to the face.paragraph (e) of this section.

1910.134(c) Respiratory protection program. ThisPositive pressure respirator means a respirator in paragraph requires the employer to develop andwhich the pressure inside the respiratory inlet implement a written respiratory protection programcovering exceeds the ambient air pressure outside the with required worksite-specific procedures andrespirator. elements for required respirator use. The program

must be administered by a suitably trained programPowered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) means an administrator. In addition, certain program elementsair-purifying respirator that uses a blower to force the may be required for voluntary use to preventambient air through air-purifying elements to the potential hazards associated with the use of theinlet covering. respirator. The Small Entity Compliance Guide

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contains criteria for the selection of a programadministrator and a sample program that meets the (c)(2)(i) An employer may provide respirators at therequirements of this paragraph. Copies of the Small request of employees or permit employees to useEntity Compliance Guide will be available on or their own respirators, if the employer determines thatabout April 8, 1998 from the Occupational Safety such respirator use will not in itself create a hazard. Ifand Health Administration's Office of Publications, the employer determines that any voluntary respiratorRoom N 3101, 200 Constitution Avenue, NW, use is permissible, the employer shall provide theWashington, DC, 20210 (202-219-4667). respirator users with the information contained in

. Appendix D to this section ("Information for

(c)(l) In any workplace where respirators are Employees Using Respirators When Not Requirednecessary to protect the health of the employee or Under the Standard"); andwhenever respirators are required by the employer,the employer shall establish and implement a written (c)(2)(ii) In addition, the employer must establishrespiratory protection program with worksite-specific and implement those elements of a writtenprocedures. The program shall be updated as respiratory protection program necessary to ensurenecessary to reflect those changes in workplace that any employee using a respirator voluntarily isconditions that affect respirator use. The employer medically able to use that respirator, and that theshall include in the program the following provisions respirator is cleaned, stored, and maintained so thatof this section, as applicable: its use does not present a health hazard to the user.

Exception: Employers are not required to include in a(c)(l)(i) Procedures for selecting respirators for use written respiratory protection program thosein the workplace; employees whose only use of respirators involves the

voluntary use of filtering facepieces (dust masks).(c)(l)(ii) Medical evaluations of employees requiredto use respirators; (c)(3) The employer shall designate a program

administrator who is qualified by appropriate training(c)(l)(iii) Fit testing procedures for tight-fitting or experience that is commensurate with therespirators; complexity of the program to administer or oversee

the respiratory protection program and conduct the(c)(l)(iv) Procedures for proper use of respirators in required evaluations of program effectiveness.routine and reasonably foreseeable emergencysituations; (c)(4) The employer shall provide respirators,

training, and medical evaluations at no cost to the(c)(l)(v) Procedures and schedules for cleaning, employee.

disinfecting, storing, inspecting, repairing,discarding, and otherwise maintaining respirators; 1910.134(d) Selection of respirators. This paragraph

requires the employer to evaluate respiratory(c)(l)(vi) Procedures to ensure adequate air quality, hazard(s) in the workplace, identify relevantquantity, and flow of breathing air for atmosphere- workplace and user factors, and base respiratorsupplying respirators; selection on these factors. The paragraph also

specifies appropriately protective respirators for use(c)(l)(vii) Training of employees in the respiratory in IDLH atmospheres, and limits the selection andhazards to which they are potentially exposed during use of air-purifying respirators.routine and emergency situations;

(d)(l) General requirements.(c)(l)(viii) Training of employees in the proper useof respirators, including putting on and removing (d)(l)(i) The employer shall select and provide anthem, any limitations on their use, and their appropriate respirator based on the respiratorymaintenance; and hazard(s) to which the worker is exposed and

workplace and user factors that affect respirator(c)(l)(ix) Procedures for regularly evaluating the performance and reliability.effectiveness of the program.

(c)(2) Where respirator use is not required:

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(d)(l)(ii) The employer shall select a NIOSH- (d)(3)(i)(A) Assigned Protection F~tors (APFs)certified respirator. The respirator shall be used in [Reserved]compliance with the conditions of its certification.

(d)(3)(i)(B) Maximum Use Concentration (MUC)(d)(l)(iii) The employer shall identify and evaluate [Reserved]the respiratory hazard(s) in the workplace; thisevaluation shall include a reasonable estimate of (d)(3)(ii) The respirator selected shall beemployee exposures to respiratory hazard(s) and an appropriate for the chemical state and physical formidentification of the contaminant's chemical state and of the contaminant.physical form. Where the employer cannot identifyor reasonably estimate the employee exposure, the (d)(3)(iii) For protection against gases and vapors,employer shall consider the atmosphere to be illLH. the employer shall provide:

(d)(l)(iv) The employer shall select respirators from (d)(3)(iii)(A) An atmosphere-supplying respirator, ora sufficient number of respirator models and sizes sothat the respirator is acceptable to, and correctly fits, (d)(3)(iii)(B) An air-purifying respirator, providedthe user. that:

(d)(2) Respirators for illLH atmospheres. (d)(3)(iii)(B)(1) The respirator is equipped with anend-of-service-life indicator (ESLI) certified by

(d)(2)(i) The employer shall provide the following NIOSH for the contaminant; orrespirators for employee use in illLH atmospheres:

(d)(3)(iii)(B)(2) If there is no ESLI appropriate for(d)(2)(i)(A) A full facepiece pressure demand SCBA conditions in the employer's workplace, the employercertified by NIOSH for a minimum service life of implements a change schedule for canisters andthirty minutes, or cartridges that is based on objective information or

data that will ensure that canisters and cartridges are(d)(2)(i)(B) A combination full facepiece pressure changed before the end of their service life. Thedemand supplied-air respirator (SAR) with auxiliary employer shall describe in the respirator program theself-contained air supply. information and data relied upon and the basis for the

canister and cartridge change schedule and the basis(d)(2)(ii) Respirators provided only for escape from for reliance on the data.illLH atmospheres shall be NIOSH-certified forescape from the atmosphere in which they will be (d)(3)(iv) For protection against particulates, theused. employer shall provide:

(d)(2)(iii) All oxygen-deficient atmospheres shall be (d)(3)(iv)(A) An atmosphere-supplying respirator; orconsidered illLH. Exception: If the employerdemonstrates that, under all foreseeable conditions, (d)(3)(iv)(B) An air-purifying respirator equippedthe oxygen concentration can be maintained within with a filter certified by NIOSH under 30 CFR partthe ranges specified in Table II of this section (i.e., 11 as a high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter,for the altitudes set out in the table), then any or an air-purifying respirator equipped with a filteratmosphere-supplying respirator may be used. certified for particulates by NIOSH under 42 CFR

part 84; or(d)(3) Respirators for atmospheres that are notillLH. (d)(3)(iv)(C) For contaminants consisting primarily

of particles with mass median aerodynamic diameters(d)(3)(i) The employer shall provide a respirator (MMAD) of at least 2 micrometers, an air- purifyingthat is adequate to protect the health of the employee respirator equipped with any filter certified forand ensure compliance with all other OSHA statutory particulates by NIOSH.and regulatory requirements, under routine andreasonably foreseeable emergency situations. TABLE I. - Assigned Protection Factors

[Reserved]

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. TABLE II Appendix C or whose initial medical' examinationAltItude Oxygen Deficient Atmospheres demonstrates the need for a follow-up medical

(%02) for which the employer examination.may rely on atmospheresupplying respirators (e)(3)(ii) The follow-up medical examination shall

Less than 3,001 16.0 - 19.5 include any medical tests, consultations, or diagnostic3,001 - 4,000 16.4 - 19.5 procedures that the PLHCP deems necessary to make4,001 - 5,000 17.1 - 19.5 a [mal determination.5,001 - 6,000 17.8 - 19.56,001 - 7,000 18.5 - 19.5 (e)(4) Administration of the medical questionnaire7,001 - 8,000 19.3 - 19.5 and examinations.

IAbove 8,000 feet the exception does not apply. (e)(4).(i) . The medic~l questionnaire andOxygen-enriched breathing air must be supplied exa~atIons shall be administered confidentiallyabove 14,000 feet. durmg the employee's normal working hours or at a

time and place convenient to the employee. The1910.134(e) Medical evaluation. Using a respirator medical questionnaire shall be administered in amay place a physiological burden on employees that ~anner that ensures that the employee understandsvaries with the type of respirator worn, the job and Its content.

workplace conditions in which the respirator is used, ..and the medical status of the employee. Accordingly, (e~(4)(II) The e~ployer. shall provide the employeethis paragraph specifies the minimum requirements wIth ~n ~pportumty t~ dISCUSS the questionnaire andfor medical evaluation that employers must exammatIon results wIth the PLHCP.

implement to determine the employee's ability to use . .a respirator. (e)(5) Supplemental mformatIon for the PLHCP.

(e)(l) General. The employer shall provide a (e)(5~(i) The following information must bemedical evaluation to determine the employee's provIded to ~e PLHCP ~efore the PLHCP makes aability to use a respirator, before the employee is fit recomme~datIon concernmg an employee's ability totested or required to use the respirator in the use a respIrator:

workplace. The employer may discontinue an .employee's medical evaluations when the employee (e)(5)(I)(A) The type and weight of the respirator tois no longer required to use a respirator. be used by the employee;

(e)(2) Medical evaluation procedures. (e)(5)(i)(B) The duration and frequency ofrespirator use (including use for rescue and escape);

(e)(2)(i) The employer shall identify a physician or .other licensed health care professional (PLHCP) to (e)(5)(I)(C) The expected physical work effort;

perform medical evaluations using a medical . . .questionnaire or an initial medical examination that (e)(5)(I)(D) AddItIonal protective clothing andobtains the same information as the medical equipment to be worn; and

questionnaire.(e)(2)(ii) The medical evaluation shall obtain the (e)(5)(i)(E) Temperature and humidity extremes thatinformation requested by the questionnaire in may be encountered.

Sections 1 and 2, Part A of Appendix C of this ..section. (e)(5)(n) Any supplemental information provided

previously to the PLHCP regarding an employee(e)(3) Follow-up medical examination. need not be provided for a subsequent medical

evaluation if the information and the PLHCP remain(e)(3)(i) The employer shall ensure that a follow-up the same.

medical examination is provided for an employee ... .who gives a positive response to any question among (e~(5)(111) The employe.r shall pr~vIde the PLH~Pquestions 1 through 8 in Section 2 Part A of wIth a copy of the Wfltten respIratory protectIon

, program and a copy of this section.

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(e)(7)(ii) A PLHCP, supervisor, or the respiratorNote to Paragraph (e)(5)(iii): When the employer program administrator informs the employer that anreplaces a PLHCP, the employer must ensure that the employee needs to be reevaluated;new PLHCP obtains this information, either byproviding the documents directly to the PLHCP or (e)(7)(iii) Information from the respiratoryhaving the documents transferred from the former protection program, including observations madePLHCP to the new PLHCP. However, OSHA does during fit testing and program evaluation, indicates anot expect employers to have employees medically need for employee reevaluation; orreevaluated solely because a new PLHCP has beenselected. (e)(7)(iv) A change occurs in workplace conditions

(e.g., physical work effort, protective clothing,( e )( 6) Medical determination. In determining the temperature) that may result in a substantial increaseemployee's ability to use a respirator, the employer in the physiological burden placed on an employee.shall:

1910.134(1) Fit testing. This paragraph requires that,(e)(6)(i) Obtain a written recommendation regarding before an employee may be required to use anythe employee's ability to use the respirator from the respirator with a negative or positive pressure tight-PLHCP. The recommendation shall provide only the fitting facepiece, the employee must be fit tested withfollowing information: the same make, model, style, and size of respirator

that will be used. This paragraph specifies the kinds(e)(6)(i)(A) Any limitations on respirator use related of fit tests allowed, the procedures for conductingto the medical condition of the employee, or relating them, and how the results of the fit tests must beto the workplace conditions in which the respirator used.will be used, including whether or not the employeeis medically able to use the respirator; (f)(l) The employer shall ensure that employees

using a tight-fitting facepiece respirator pass an(e)(6)(i)(B) The need, if any, for follow-up medical appropriate qualitative fit test (QLFT) or quantitativeevaluations; and fit test (QNFT) as stated in this paragraph.

(e)(6)(i)(C) A statement that the PLHCP has (f)(2) The employer shall ensure that an employeeprovided the employee with a copy of the PLHCP's using a tight- fitting facepiece respirator is fit testedwritten recommendation. prior to initial use of the respirator, whenever a

different respirator facepiece (size, style, model or(e)(6)(ii) If the respirator is a negative pressure make) is used, and at least annually thereafter.respirator and the PLHCP fmds a medical conditionthat may place the employee's health at increased risk (f)(3) The employer shall conduct an additional fitif the respirator is used, the employer shall provide a test whenever the employee reports, or the employer,P APR if the PLHCP's medical evaluation fmds that PLHCP, supervisor, or program administrator makesthe employee can use such a respirator; if a visual observations of, changes in the employee'ssubsequent medical evaluation fmds that the physical condition that could affect respirator fit.employee is medically able to use a negative pressure Such conditions include, but are not limited to, facialrespirator, then the employer is no longer required to scarring, dental changes, cosmetic surgery, or anprovide a P APR. obvious change in body weight.

(e)(7) Additional medical evaluations. At a (f)(4) If after passing a QLFT or QNFT, theminimum, the employer shall provide additional employee subsequently notifies the employer,medical evaluations that comply with the program administrator, supervisor, or PLHCP that therequirements of this section if: fit of the respirator is unacceptable, the employee

shall be given a reasonable opportunity to select a(e)(7)(i) An employee reports medical signs or different respirator facepiece and to be retested.symptoms that are related to ability to use arespirator; (f)(5) The fit test shall be administered using an

OSHA-accepted QLFT or QNFT protocol. TheOSHA-accepted QLFT and QNFT protocols and

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procedures are contained in Appendix A of this effective respirator operation throughout the worksection. shift, and establishing procedures for the use of

respirators in illLH atmospheres or in interior(f)(6) QLFT may only be used to fit test negative structural flfefighting situations.pressure air- purifying respirators that must achieve afit factor of 100 or less. (g)(I) Facepiece seal protection.

(f)(7) If the fit factor, as determined through an (g)(I)(i) The employer shall not permit respiratorsOSHA-accepted QNFT protocol, is equal to or with tight-fitting facepieces to be worn by employeesgreater than 100 for tight-fitting half facepieces, or who have:equal to or greater than 500 for tight-fitting fullfacepieces, the QNFT has been passed with that (g)(I)(i)(A) Facial hair that comes between therespirator. sealing surface of the facepiece and the face or that

interferes with valve function; or(f)(8) Fit testing of tight-fitting atmosphere-supplying respirators and tight-fitting powered air- (g)(I)(i)(B) Any condition that interferes with thepurifying respirators shall be accomplished by face-to-facepiece seal or valve function.performing quantitative or qualitative fit testing inthe negative pressure mode, regardless of the mode (g)( 1)( ii) If an employee wears corrective glasses orof operation (negative or positive pressure) that is goggles or other personal protective equipment, theused for respiratory protection. employer shall ensure that such equipment is worn in

a manner that does not interfere with the seal of the(f)(I)(8)(i) Qualitative fit testing of these respirators facepiece to the face of the user.shall be accomplished by temporarily converting therespirator user's actual facepiece into a negative (g)(l)(iii) For all tight-fitting respirators, thepressure respirator with appropriate filters, or by employer shall ensure that employees perform a userusing an identical negative pressure air-purifying seal check each time they put on the respirator usingrespirator facepiece with the same sealing surfaces as the procedures in Appendix B-1 or proceduresa surrogate for the atmosphere-supplying or powered recommended by the respirator manufacturer that theair-purifying respirator facepiece. employer demonstrates are as effective as those in

Appendix B-1 of this section.(f)(I)(8)(ii) Quantitative fit testing of theserespirators shall be accomplished by modifying the (g)(2) Continuing respirator effectiveness.facepiece to allow sampling inside the facepiece inthe breathing zone of the user, midway between the (g)(2)(i) Appropriate surveillance shall benose and mouth. This requirement shall be maintained of work area conditions and degree ofaccomplished by installing a permanent sampling employee exposure or stress. When there is a changeprobe onto a surrogate facepiece, or by using a in work area conditions or degree of employeesampling adapter designed to temporarily provide a exposure or stress that may affect respiratormeans of sampling air from inside the facepiece. effectiveness, the employer shall reevaluate the

continued effectiveness of the respirator.(f)(I)(8)(iii) Any modifications to the respiratorfacepiece for fit testing shall be completely removed, (g)(2)(ii) The employer shall ensure that employeesand the facepiece restored to NIOSH- approved leave the respirator use area:configuration, before that facepiece can be used inthe workplace. (g)(2)(ii)(A) To wash their faces and respirator

facepieces as necessary to prevent eye or skin1910.134(g) Use of respirators. This paragraph irritation associated with respirator use; orrequires employers to establish and implementprocedures for the proper use of respirators. These (g)(2)(ii)(B) If they detect vapor or gasrequirements include prohibiting conditions that may breakthrough, changes in breathing resistance, orresult in facepiece seal leakage, preventing leakage of the facepiece; oremployees from removing respirators in hazardousenvironments, taking actions to ensure continued

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(g)(2)(ii)(C) To replace the respirator or the filter, (g)(4) Procedures for interior structural fIrefighting.cartridge, or canister elements. In addition to the requirements set forth under

paragraph (g)(3), in interior structural fIres, the(g)(2)(iii) If the employee detects vapor or gas employer shall ensure that:breakthrough, changes in breathing resistance, orleakage of the facepiece, the employer must replace (g)(4)(i) At least two employees enter the IDLHor repair the respirator before allowing the employee atmosphere and remain in visual or voice contactto return to the work area. with one another at all times;

(g)(3) Procedures for IDLH atmospheres. For all (g)(4)(ii) At least two employees are located outsideIDLH atmospheres, the employer shall ensure that: the IDLH atmosphere; and

(g)(3)(i) One employee or, when needed, more than (g)(4)(iii) All employees engaged in interiorone employee is located outside the IDLH structural fIrefighting use SCBAs.atmosphere;

Note I to paragraph (g): One of the two individuals(g)(3)(ii) Visual, voice, or signal line located outside the IDLH atmosphere may becommunication is maintained between the assigned to an additional role, such as incidentemployee(s) in the IDLH atmosphere and the commander in charge of the emergency or safetyemployee(s) located outside the IDLH atmosphere; officer, so long as this individual is able to perform

assistance or rescue activities without jeopardizing(g)(3)(iii) The employee(s) located outside the the safety or health of any fIrefighter working at theIDLH atmosphere are trained and equipped to incident.provide effective emergency rescue;

Note 2 to paragraph (g): Nothing in this section is(g)(3)(iv) The employer or designee is notified meant to preclude fIrefighters from performingbefore the employee(s) located outside the IDLH emergency rescue activities before an entire team hasatmosphere enter the IDLH atmosphere to provide assembled.emergency rescue;

1910.134(h) Maintenance and care of respirators.(g)(3)(v) The employer or designee authorized to do This paragraph requires the employer to provide forso by the employer, once notified, provides necessary the cleaning and disinfecting, storage, inspection, andassistance appropriate to the situation; repair of respirators used by employees.

(g)(3)(vi) Employee(s) located outside the IDLH (h)(l) Cleaning and disinfecting. The employeratmospheres are equipped with: shall provide each respirator user with a respirator

that is clean, sanitary, and in good working order.(g)(3)(vi)(A) Pressure demand or other positive The employer shall ensure that respirators arepressure SCBAs, or a pressure demand or other cleaned and disinfected using the procedures inpositive pressure supplied-air respirator with Appendix B-2 of this section, or proceduresauxiliary SCBA; and either recommended by the respirator manufacturer,

provided that such procedures are of equivalent(g)(3)(vi)(B) Appropriate retrieval equipment for effectiveness. The respirators shall be cleaned andremoving the employee(s) who enter(s) these disinfected at the following intervals:hazardous atmospheres where retrieval equipmentwould contribute to the rescue of the employee(s) (h)(l)(i) Respirators issued for the exclusive use ofand would not increase the overall risk resulting from an employee shall be cleaned and disinfected as oftenentry; or as necessary to be maintained in a sanitary condition;

(g)(3)(vi)(C) Equivalent means for rescue where (h)(l)(ii) Respirators issued to more than oneretrieval equipment is not required under paragraph employee shall be cleaned and disinfected before(g)(3)(vi)(B). being worn by different individuals;

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(h)(l)(iii) Respirators maintained for emergency use facepiece, head straps, valves, connecting tube, andshall be cleaned and disinfected after each use; and cartridges, canisters or filters; and

(h)(l)(iv) Respirators used in fit testing and training (h)(3)(ii)(B) A check of elastomeric parts forshall be cleaned and disinfected after each use. pliability and signs of deterioration.

(h)(2) Storage. The employer shall ensure that (h)(3)(iii) In addition to the requirements ofrespirators are stored as follows: paragraphs (h)(3)(i) and (ii) of this section, self-

contained breathing apparatus shall be inspected(h)(2)(i) All respirators shall be stored to protect monthly. Air and oxygen cylinders shall bethem from damage, contamination, dust, sunlight, maintained in a fully charged state and shall beextreme temperatures, excessive moisture, and recharged when the pressure falls to 90% of thedamaging chemicals, and they shall be packed or manufacturer's recommended pressure level. Thestored to prevent deformation of the facepiece and employer shall determine that the regulator andexhalation valve. warning devices function properly.

(h)(2)(ii) In addition to the requirements of (h)(3)(iv) For respirators maintained for emergencyparagraph (h)(2)(i) of this section, emergency use, the employer shall:respirators shall be:

(h)(3)(iv)(A) Certify the respirator by documenting(h)(2)(ii)(A) Kept accessible to the work area; the date the inspection was performed, the name (or

signature) of the person who made the inspection, the(h)(2)(ii)(B) Stored in compartments or in covers fmdings, required remedial action, and a serialthat are clearly marked as containing emergency number or other means of identifying the inspectedrespirators; and respirator; and

(h)(2)(ii)(C) Stored in accordance with any (h)(3)(iv)(B) Provide this information on a tag orapplicable manufacturer instructions. label that is attached to the storage compartment for

the respirator, is kept with the respirator, or is(h)(3) Inspection. included in inspection reports stored as paper or

electronic files. This information shall be maintained(h)(3)(i) The employer shall ensure that respirators until replaced following a subsequent certification.are inspected as follows:

(h)(4) Repairs. The employer shall ensure that(h)(3)(i)(A) All respirators used in routine situations respirators that fail an inspection or are otherwiseshall be inspected before each use and during found to be defective are removed from service, andcleaning; are discarded or repaired or adjusted in accordance

with the following procedures:(h)(3 )(i)(B) All respirators maintained for use inemergency situations shall be inspected at least (h)(4)(i) Repairs or adjustments to respirators are tomonthly and in accordance with the manufacturer's be made only by persons appropriately trained torecommendations, and shall be checked for proper perform such operations and shall use only thefunction before and after each use; and respirator manufacturer's NIOSH-approved parts

designed for the respirator;(h)(3)(i)(C) Emergency escape-only respiratorsshall be inspected before being carried into the (h)(4)(ii) Repairs shall be made according to theworkplace for use. manufacturer's recommendations and specifications

for the type and extent of repairs to be performed;(h)(3)(ii) The employer shall ensure that respirator andinspections include the following:

(h)(4)(iii) Reducing and admission valves,(h)(3)(ii)(A) A check of respirator function, regulators, and alarms shall be adjusted or repairedtightness of connections, and the condition of the only by the manufacturer or a technician trained byvarious parts including, but not limited to, the the manufacturer.

E-17


(i)(4)(ii) Cylinders of purchased breathing air have a1910.134(i) Breathing air quality and use. This certificate of analysis from the supplier that theparagraph requires the employer to provide breathing air meets the requirements for Grade Demployees using atmosphere-supplying respirators breathing air; and(supplied-air and SCBA) with breathing gases ofhigh purity. (i)(4)(iii) The moisture content in the cylinder does

not exceed a dew point of -50 deg.F (-45.6 deg.C) at(i)(l) The employer shall ensure that compressed 1 atmosphere pressure.air, compressed oxygen, liquid air, and liquid oxygenused for respiration accords with the following (i)(5) The employer shall ensure that compressorsspecifications: used to supply breathing air to respirators are

constructed and situated so as to:(i)(l)(i) Compressed and liquid oxygen shall meetthe United States Pharmacopoeia requirements for (i)(5)(i) Prevent entry of contaminated air into themedical or breathing oxygen; and air-supply system;

(i)(l)(ii) Compressed breathing air shall meet at (i)(5)(ii) Minimize moisture content so that the dewleast the requirements for Grade D breathing air point at 1 atmosphere pressure is 10 degrees F (5.56described in ANSI/Compressed Gas Association deg.C) below the ambient temperature;Commodity Specification for Air, G- 7.1-1989, toinclude: (i)(5)(iii) Have suitable in-line air-purifying sorbent

beds and filters to further ensure breathing air(i)(1)(ii)(A) Oxygen content (v/v) of 19.5-23.5%; quality. Sorbent beds and filters shall be maintained

and replaced or refurbished periodically following(i)(1)(ii)(B) Hydrocarbon (condensed) content of 5 the manufacturer's instructions.milligrams per cubic meter of air or less;

(i)(5)(iv) Have a tag containing the most recent(i)(l)(ii)(C) Carbon monoxide (CO) content of 10 change date and the signature of the personppm or less; authorized by the employer to perform the change.

The tag shall be maintained at the compressor.(i)(1)(ii)(D) Carbon dioxide content of 1,000 ppmor less; and (i)(6) For compressors that are not oil-lubricated,

the employer shall ensure that carbon monoxide(i)(1)(ii)(E) Lack of noticeable odor. levels in the breathing air do not exceed 10 ppm.

(i)(2) The employer shall ensure that compressed (i)(7) For oil-lubricated compressors, the employeroxygen is not used in atmosphere-supplying shall use a high- temperature or carbon monoxiderespirators that have previously used compressed air. alarm, or both, to monitor carbon monoxide levels. If

only high-temperature alarms are used, the air supply(i)(3) The employer shall ensure that oxygen shall be monitored at intervals sufficient to preventconcentrations greater than 23.5% are used only in carbon monoxide in the breathing air from exceedingequipment designed for oxygen service or 10 ppm.distribution.

(i)(8) The employer shall ensure that breathing air(i)(4) The employer shall ensure that cylinders used couplings are incompatible with outlets forto supply breathing air to respirators meet the nomespirable worksite air or other gas systems. Nofollowing requirements: asphyxiating substance shall be introduced into

breathing air lines.(i)(4)(i) Cylinders are tested and maintained asprescribed in the Shipping Container Specification (i)(9) The employer shall use breathing gasRegulations of the Department of Transportation (49 containers marked in accordance with the NIOSHCFR part 173 and part 178); respirator certification standard, 42 CFR part 84.

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1910.134(j) Identification of filters, cartridges, and 12 months that addresses the elementS; specified in

canisters. The employer shall ensure that all filters, paragraph (k)(l )(i) through (vii) is not required to

cartridges and canisters used in the workplace are repeat such training provided that, as required by

labeled and color coded with the NIOSH approval paragraph (k)(l), the employee can demonstrate

label and that the label is not removed and remains knowledge of those element(s). Previous training not

legible. repeated initially by the employer must be provided

no later than 12 months from the date of the previous

1910.134(k) Training and information. This training.

paragraph requires the employer to provide effective

training to employees who are required to use (k)(5) Retraining shall be administered annually,

respirators. The training must be comprehensive, and when the following situations occur:

understandable, and recur annually, and more often if

necessary. This paragraph also requires the employer (k)(5)(i) Changes in the workplace or the type of

to provide the basic information on respirators in respirator render previous training obsolete;

Appendix D of this section to employees who wear

respirators when not required by this section or by (k)(5)(ii) Inadequacies in the employee's knowledge

the employer to do so. or use of the respirator indicate that the employee has

not retained the requisite understanding or skill; or

(k)(l) The employer shall ensure that each

employee can demonstrate knowledge of at least the (k)(5)(iii) Any other situation arises in which

following: retraining appears necessary to ensure safe respirator

use.

(k)(l)(i) Why the respirator is necessary and how

improper fit, usage, or maintenance can compromise (k)(6) The basic advisory information on

the protective effect of the respirator; respirators, as presented in Appendix D of this

section, shall be provided by the employer in any

(k)(l)(ii) What the limitations and capabilities of the written or oral format, to employees who wear

respirator are; respirators when such use is not required by this

section or by the employer.

(k)(l)(iii) How to use the respirator effectively in

emergency situations, including situations in which 1910.134(1) Program evaluation. This section

the respirator malfunctions; requires the employer to conduct evaluations of the

workplace to ensure that the written respiratory

(k)(I)(iv) How to inspect, put on and remove, use, protection program is being properly implemented,

and check the seals of the respirator; and to consult employees to ensure that they are

using the respirators properly.

(k)(l)(v) What the procedures are for maintenance

and storage of the respirator; (1)( 1) The employer shall conduct evaluations of the

workplace as necessary to ensure that the provisions

(k)(l)(vi) How to recognize medical signs and of the current written program are being effectively

symptoms that may limit or prevent the effective use implemented and that it continues to be effective.

of respirators; and

(1)(2) The employer shall regularly consult

(k)(l)(vii) The general requirements of this section. employees required to use respirators to assess the

employees' views on program effectiveness and to

(k)(2) The training shall be conducted in a manner identify any problems. Any problems that are

that is understandable to the employee. identified during this assessment shall be corrected.

Factors to be assessed include, but are not limited to:

(k)(3) The employer shall provide the training priorto requiring the employee to use a respirator in the (1)(2)(i) Respirator fit (including the ability to use

workplace. the respirator without interfering with effective

workplace performance);(k)(4) An employer who is able to demonstrate that

a new employee has received training within the last

E-19


(1)(2)(ii) Appropriate respirator selection for the 1910.134(n) Dates.hazards to which the employee is exposed;

(n)(I) Effective date. This section is effective April(1)(2)(iii) Proper respirator use under the workplace 8, 1998. The obligations imposed by this sectionconditions the employee encounters; and commence on the effective date unless otherwise

noted in this paragraph. Compliance with obligations(1)(2)(iv) Proper respirator maintenance. that do not commence on the effective date shall

occur no later than the applicable start-up date.1910.134(m) Recordkeeping. This section requiresthe employer to establish and retain written (n)(2) Compliance dates. All obligations of thisinformation regarding medical evaluations, fit section commence on the effective date except astesting, and the respirator program. This information follows:will facilitate employee involvement in the respiratorprogram, assist the employer in auditing the (2)(i) The determination that respirator use isadequacy of the program, and provide a record for required (paragraph (a» shall be completed no latercompliance determinations by OSHA. than September 8, 1998.

(m)(I) Medical evaluation. Records of medical (n)(2)(ii) Compliance with provisions of this sectionevaluations required by this section must be retained for all other provisions shall be completed no laterand made available in accordance with 29 CFR than October 5, 1998.1910.1020.

(n)(3) The provisions of 29 CFR 1910.134 and 29(m)(2) Fit testing. CFR 1926.103, contained in the 29 CFR parts 1900

to 1910.99 and the 29 CFR part 1926 editions,(m)(2)(i) The employer shall establish a record of revised as of July 1, 1997, are in effect andthe qualitative and quantitative fit tests administered enforceable until October 5, 1998, or during anyto an employee including: administrative or judicial stay of the provisions of

this section.(m)(2)(i)(A) The name or identification of theemployee tested; (n)(4) Existing Respiratory Protection Programs. If,

in the 12 month period preceding April 8, 1998, the(m)(2)(i)(B) Type of fit test performed; employer has conducted annual respirator training, fit

testing, respirator program evaluation, or medical(m)(2)(i)(C) Specific make, model, style, and size evaluations, the employer may use the results ofof respirator tested; those activities to comply with the corresponding

provisions of this section, providing that these(m)(2)(i)(D) Date of test; and activities were conducted in a manner that meets the

requirements of this section.(m)(2)(i)(E) The pass/fail results for QLFTs or thefit factor and strip chart recording or other recording 1910.134(0) Appendices.of the test results for QNFTs.

(0)(1) Compliance with Appendix A, Appendix B-(m)(2)(ii) Fit test records shall be retained for 1, Appendix B-2, and Appendix C of this section isrespirator users until the next fit test is administered. mandatory .

(m)(3) A written copy of the current respirator (0)(2) Appendix D of this section is non-mandatoryprogram shall be retained by the employer. and is not intended to create any additional

obligations not otherwise imposed or to detract from(m)(4) Written materials required to be retained any existing obligations.under this paragraph shall be made available uponrequest to affected employees and to the Assistant 63 FR 1152, Jan. 8,1998; 63 FR 20098, April 23,Secretary or designee for examination and copying. 1998]

E-20


Appendix A to 3 1910.134: Fit Testing Procedures (b) Room for eye protection

(Mandatory)(c) Room to talk

Part I. OSHA-Accepted Fit Test Protocols(d) Position of mask on face and cheeks

A. Fit Testing Procedures-General Requirements.The employer shall conduct fit testing using the 7. The following criteria shall be used to help

following procedures. The requirements in this determine the adequacy of the respirator fit:

appendix apply to all OSHA- accepted fit testmethods, both QLFT and QNFT. (a) Chin properly placed;

(b) Adequate strap tension, not overly tightened;

1. The test subject shall be allowed to pick the mostacceptable respirator from a sufficient number of (c) Fit across nose bridge;

respirator models and sizes so that the respirator isacceptable to, and correctly fits, the user. (d) Respirator of proper size to span distance from

nose to chin;

2. Prior to the selection process, the test subject shallbe shown how to put on a respirator, how it should be (e) Tendency of respirator to slip;

positioned on the face, how to set strap tension andhow to determine an acceptable fit. A mirror shall be (f) Self-observation in mirror to evaluate fit and

available to assist the subject in evaluating the fit and respirator position.

positioning of the respirator. This instruction may notconstitute the subject's formal training on respirator 8. The test subject shall conduct a user seal check,

use, because it is only a review. either the negative and positive pressure seal checks

described in Appendix B-1 of this section or those

3. The test subject shall be informed that he/she is recommended by the respirator manufacturer which

being asked to select the respirator that provides the provide equivalent protection to the procedures in

most acceptable fit. Each respirator represents a Appendix B- 1. Before conducting the negative and

different size and shape, and if fitted and used positive pressure checks, the subject shall be told to

properly, will provide adequate protection. seat the mask on the face by moving the head from

side-to-side and up and down slowly while taking in

4. The test subject shall be instructed to hold each a few slow deep breaths. Another facepiece shall be

chosen facepiece up to the face and eliminate those selected and retested if the test subject fails the user

that obviously do not give an acceptable fit. seal check tests.

5. The more acceptable facepieces are noted in case 9. The test shall not be conducted if there is any hair

the one selected proves unacceptable; the most growth between the skin and the facepiece sealing

comfortable mask is donned and worn at least five surface, such as stubble beard growth, beard,

minutes to assess comfort. Assistance in assessing mustache or sideburns which cross the respirator

comfort can be given by discussing the points in the sealing surface. Any type of apparel which interferes

following item A.6. If the test subject is not familiar with a satisfactory fit shall be altered or removed.

with using a particular respirator, the test subjectshall be directed to don the mask several times and to 10. If a test subject exhibits difficulty in breathing

adjust the straps each time to become adept at setting during the tests, she or he shall be referred to a

proper tension on the straps. physician or other licensed health care professional,

as appropriate, to determine whether the test subject

6. Assessment of comfort shall include a review of can wear a respirator while performing her or his

the following points with the test subject and duties.

allowing the test subject adequate time to determinethe comfort of the respirator: 11. If the employee fmds the fit of the respirator

unacceptable, the test subject shall be given the

(a) Position of the mask on the nose opportunity to select a different respirator and to be

retested.

E-21


12. Exercise regimen. Prior to the cornrnencement of pot of gold at one end. People look, but no one ever

the fit test, the test subject shall be given a fmds it. When a man looks for something beyond

description of the fit test and the test subject's reach, his friends say he is looking for the pot of gold

responsibilities during the test procedure. The at the end of the rainbow.

description of the process shall include a descriptionof the test exercises that the subject will be (6) Grimace. The test subject shall grimace by

performing. The respirator to be tested shall be worn smiling or frowning. (This applies only to QNFT

for at least 5 minutes before the start of the fit test. testing; it is not performed for QLFT)

13. The fit test shall be performed while the test (7) Bending over. The test subject shall bend at the

subject is wearing any applicable safety equipment waist as if he/she were to touch his/her toes. Jogging

that may be worn during actual respirator use which in place shall be substituted for this exercise in those

could interfere with respirator fit. test environments such as shroud type QNFT or

QLFT units that do not permit bending over at the

14. Test Exercises. (a) The following test exercises waist.

are to be performed for all fit testing methods

prescribed in this appendix, except for the CNP (8) Normal breathing. Same as exercise (1).

method. A separate fit testing exercise regimen iscontained in the CNP protocol. The test subject shall (b) Each test exercise shall be performed for one

perform exercises, in the test environment, in the minute except for the grimace exercise which shall be

following manner: performed for 15 seconds. The test subject shall be

questioned by the test conductor regarding the

(1) Normal breathing. In a normal standing position, comfort of the respirator upon completion of the

without talking, the subject shall breathe normally. protocol. If it has become unacceptable, another

model of respirator shall be tried. The respirator shall

(2) Deep breathing. In a normal standing position, the not be adjusted once the fit test exercises begin. Any

subject shall breathe slowly and deeply, taking adjustment voids the test, and the fit test must be

caution so as not to hyperventilate. repeated.

(3) Turning head side to side. Standing in place, the B. Qualitative Fit Test (QLFT) Protocols

subject shall slowly turn his/her head from side to

side between the extreme positions on each side. The 1. General

head shall be held at each extreme momentarily sothe subject can inhale at each side. (a) The employer shall ensure that persons

administering QLFT are able to prepare test

(4) Moving head up and down. Standing in place, the solutions, calibrate equipment and perform tests

subject shall slowly move his/her head up and down. properly, recognize invalid tests, and ensure that test

The subject shall be instructed to inhale in the up equipment is in proper working order.

position (i.e., when looking toward the ceiling). (b) The employer shall ensure that QLFT equipment

is kept clean and well maintained so as to operate

(5) Talking. The subject shall talk out loud slowly within the parameters for which it was designed.

and loud enough so as to be heard clearly by the test

conductor. The subject can read from a prepared text 2. Isoamyl Acetate Protocol

such as the Rainbow Passage, count backward from100, or recite a memorized poem or song. Note: This protocol is not appropriate to use for the

fit testing of particulate respirators. If used to fit test

Rainbow Passage particulate respirators, the respirator must be

equipped with an organic vapor filter.

When the sunlight strikes raindrops in the air, theyact like a prism and form a rainbow. The rainbow is a (a) Odor Threshold Screening

division of white light into many beautiful colors.These take the shape of a long round arch, with its Odor threshold screening, performed without

path high above, and its two ends apparently beyond wearing a respirator, is intended to determine if the

the horizon. There is, according to legend, a boiling

E-22


individual tested can detect the odor of isoamyl (9) The mixtures used in the IAA odor.detection testacetate at low levels. shall be prepared in an area separate from where the

test is performed, in order to prevent olfactory fatigue(1) Three 1 liter glass jars with metal lids are in the subject.required.

(10) If the test subject is unable to correctly identify(2) Odor-free water (e.g., distilled or spring water) at the jar containing the odor test solution, the IAAapproximately 25 deg. C (77 deg. F) shall be used for qualitative fit test shall not be performed.the solutions.

(11) If the test subject correctly identifies the jar(3) The isoamyl acetate (IAA) (also known at containing the odor test solution, the test subject mayisopentyl acetate) stock solution is prepared by proceed to respirator selection and fit testing.adding 1 rn1 of pure IAA to 800 rn1 of odor-freewater in a 1 liter jar, closing the lid and shaking for (b) Isoamyl Acetate Fit Test30 seconds. A new solution shall be prepared at least (1) The fit test chamber shall be a clear 55-gallonweekly. drum liner suspended inverted over a 2-foot diameter

frame so that the top of the chamber is about 6 inches(4) The screening test shall be conducted in a room above the test subject's head. If no drum liner isseparate from the room used for actual fit testing. available, a similar chamber shall be constructedThe two rooms shall be well-ventilated to prevent the using plastic sheeting. The inside top center of theodor of IAA from becoming evident in the general chamber shall have a small hook attached.room air where testing takes place.

(2) Each respirator used for the fitting and fit testing(5) The odor test solution is prepared in a second jar shall be equipped with organic vapor cartridges orby placing 0.4 rn1 of the stock solution into 500 ml of offer protection against organic vapors.odor-free water using a clean dropper or pipette. Thesolution shall be shaken for 30 seconds and allowed (3) After selecting, donning, and properly adjusting ato stand for two to three minutes so that the IAA respirator, the test subject shall wear it to the fitconcentration above the liquid may reach testing room. This room shall be separate from theequilibrium. This solution shall be used for only one room used for odor threshold screening andday. respirator selection, and shall be well-ventilated, as

by an exhaust fan or lab hood, to prevent general(6) A test blank shall be prepared in a third jar by room contamination.adding 500 cc of odor-free water.

(4) A copy of the test exercises and any prepared text(7) The odor test and test blank jar lids shall be from which the subject is to read shall be taped to thelabeled (e.g., 1 and 2) for jar identification. Labels inside of the test chamber.shall be placed on the lids so that they can be peeledoff periodically and switched to maintain the (5) Upon entering the test chamber, the test subjectintegrity of the test. shall be given a 6-inch by 5-inch piece of paper

towel, or other porous, absorbent, single-ply material,(8) The following instruction shall be typed on a card folded in half and wetted with 0.75 rn1 of pure IAA.and placed on the table in front of the two test jars The test subject shall hang the wet towel on the hook(i.e., 1 and 2): "The purpose of this test is to at the top of the chamber. An IAA test swab ordetermine if you can smell banana oil at a low ampule may be substituted for the IAA wetted paperconcentration. The two bottles in front of you contain towel provided it has been demonstrated that thewater. One of these bottles also contains a small alternative IAA source will generate an IAA testamount of banana oil. Be sure the covers are on tight, atmosphere with a concentration equivalent to thatthen shake each bottle for two seconds. Unscrew the generated by the paper towel method.lid of each bottle, one at a time, and sniff at themouth of the bottle. Indicate to the test conductor (6) Allow two minutes for the IAA test concentrationwhich bottle contains banana oil." to stabilize before starting the fit test exercises. This

would be an appropriate time to talk with the testsubject; to explain the fit test, the importance of

E-23

1910.134 AND APPENDICESI

his/her cooperation, and the purpose for the test (2) The test enclosure shall have a 3/4-inch (1.9 cm)exercises; or to demonstrate some of the exercises. hole in front of the test subject's nose and mouth area

to accommodate the nebulizer nozzle.(7) If at any time during the test, the subject detectsthe banana-like odor of IAA, the test is failed. The (3) The test subject shall don the test enclosure.subject shall quickly exit from the test chamber and Throughout the threshold screening test, the testleave the test area to avoid olfactory fatigue. subject shall breathe through his/her slightly open

mouth with tongue extended. The subject is(8) If the test is failed, the subject shall return to the instructed to report when he/she detects a sweet taste.selection room and remove the respirator. The testsubject shall repeat the odor sensitivity test, select (4) Using a DeVilbiss Model 40 Inhalationand put on another respirator, return to the test area Medication Nebulizer or equivalent, the testand again begin the fit test procedure described in (b) conductor shall spray the threshold check solution(1) through (7) above. The process continues until a into the enclosure. The nozzle is directed away fromrespirator that fits well has been found. Should the the nose and mouth of the person. This nebulizerodor sensitivity test be failed, the subject shall wait at shall be clearly marked to distinguish it from the fitleast 5 minutes before retesting. Odor sensitivity will test solution nebulizer.usually have returned by this time.

(5) The threshold check solution is prepared by(9) If the subject passes the test, the efficiency of the dissolving 0.83 gram of sodium saccharin USP intest procedure shall be demonstrated by having the 100 ml of warm water. It can be prepared by puttingsubject break the respirator face seal and take a 1 ml of the fit test solution (see (b)(5) below) in 100breath before exiting the chamber. ml of distilled water.

(10) When the test subject leaves the chamber, the (6) To produce the aerosol, the nebulizer bulb issubject shall remove the saturated towel and return it fmnly squeezed so that it collapses completely, thento the person conducting the test, so that there is no released and allowed to fully expand.significant IAA concentration buildup in the chamberduring subsequent tests. The used towels shall be (7) Ten squeezes are repeated rapidly and then thekept in a self-sealing plastic bag to keep the test area test subject is asked whether the saccharin can befrom being contaminated. tasted. If the test subject reports tasting the sweet

taste during the ten squeezes, the screening test is3. Saccharin Solution Aerosol Protocol completed. The taste threshold is noted as ten

regardless of the number of squeezes actuallyThe entire screening and testing procedure shall be completed.explained to the test subject prior to the conduct ofthe screening test. (8) If the fIrst response is negative, ten more squeezes

are repeated rapidly and the test subject is again(a) Taste threshold screening. The saccharin taste asked whether the saccharin is tasted. If the testthreshold screening, performed without wearing a subject reports tasting the sweet taste during therespirator, is intended to determine whether the second ten squeezes, the screening test is completed.individual being tested can detect the taste of The taste threshold is noted as twenty regardless ofsaccharin. the number of squeezes actually completed.

(1) During threshold screening as well as during fit (9) If the second response is negative, ten moretesting, subjects shall wear an enclosure about the squeezes are repeated rapidly and the test subject ishead and shoulders that is approximately 12 inches in again asked whether the saccharin is tasted. If the testdiameter by 14 inches tall with at least the front subject reports tasting the sweet taste during the thirdportion clear and that allows free movements of the set of ten squeezes, the screening test is completed.head when a respirator is worn. An enclosure The taste threshold is noted as thirty regardless of thesubstantially similar to the 3M hood assembly, parts number of squeezes actually completed.# FT 14 and # FT 15 combined, is adequate.

(10) The test conductor will take note of the numberof squeezes required to solicit a taste response.

E-24


squeezes required to elicit a taste respo.nse as noted(11) If the saccharin is not tasted after 30 squeezes during the screening test. A minimum of 10 squeezes(step 10), the test subject is unable to taste saccharin is required.and may not perform the saccharin fit test.

(8) After generating the aerosol, the test subject shallNote to paragraph 3. (a): If the test subject eats or be instructed to perform the exercises in section I. A.drinks something sweet before the screening test, 14. of this appendix.he/she may be unable to taste the weak saccharinsolution. (9) Every 30 seconds the aerosol concentration shall

be replenished using one half the original number of(12) If a taste response is elicited, the test subject squeezes used initially (e.g., 5, 10 or 15).shall be asked to take note of the taste for referencein the fit test. (10) The test subject shall indicate to the test

conductor if at any time during the fit test the taste of(13) Correct use of the nebulizer means that saccharin is detected. If the test subject does notapproximately 1 m1 of liquid is used at a time in the report tasting the saccharin, the test is passed.

nebulizer body.(11) If the taste of saccharin is detected, the fit is

(14) The nebulizer shall be thoroughly rinsed in deemed unsatisfactory and the test is failed. Awater, shaken dry, and refilled at least each morning different respirator shall be tried and the entire testand afternoon or at least every four hours. procedure is repeated (taste threshold screening and

fit testing).(b) Saccharin solution aerosol fit test procedure.

(12) Since the nebulizer has a tendency to clog(1) The test subject may not eat, drink (except plain during use, the test operator must make periodicwater), smoke, or chew gum for 15 minutes before checks of the nebulizer to ensure that it is notthe test. clogged. If clogging is found at the end of the test

session, the test is invalid.(2) The fit test uses the same enclosure described in3. (a) above. 4. BitrexTM (Denatonium Benzoate) Solution

Aerosol Qualitative Fit Test Protocol(3) The test subject shall don the enclosure whilewearing the respirator selected in section I. A. of this The BitrexTM (Denatonium benzoate) solutionappendix. The respirator shall be properly adjusted aerosol QLFT protocol uses the published saccharinand equipped with a particulate filter(s). test protocol because that protocol is widely

accepted. Bitrex is routinely used as a taste aversion(4) A second DeVilbiss Model 40 Inhalation agent in household liquids which children should notMedication Nebulizer or equivalent is used to spray be drinking and is endorsed by the American Medicalthe fit test solution into the enclosure. This nebulizer Association, the National Safety Council, and theshall be clearly marked to distinguish it from the American Association of Poison Control Centers.screening test solution nebulizer. The entire screening and testing procedure shall be

explained to the test subject prior to the conduct of(5) The fit test solution is prepared by adding 83 the screening test.grams of sodium saccharin to 100 m1 of warm water.

(a) Taste Threshold Screening.(6) As before, the test subject shall breathe throughthe slightly open mouth with tongue extended, and The Bitrex taste threshold screening, performedreport if he/she tastes the sweet taste of saccharin. without wearing a respirator, is intended to determine

whether the individual being tested can detect the(7) The nebulizer is inserted into the hole in the front taste of Bitrex.of the enclosure and an initial concentration ofsaccharin fit test solution is sprayed into the (1) During threshold screening as well as during fitenclosure using the same number of squeezes (either testing, subjects shall wear an enclosure about the10, 20 or 30 squeezes) based on the number of head and shoulders that is approximately 12 inches

E-25


(30.5 cm) in diameter by 14 inches (35.6 cm) tall. The taste threshold is noted as thirty regardless of theThe front portion of the enclosure shall be clear from number of squeezes actually completed.the respirator and allow free movement of the headwhen a respirator is worn. An enclosure substantially (10) The test conductor will take note of the numbersimilar to the 3M hood assembly, parts # FT 14 and # of squeezes required to solicit a taste response.FT 15 combined, is adequate.

(11) If the Bitrex is not tasted after 30 squeezes (step(2) The test enclosure shall have a \3/4\ inch (1.9 cm) 10), the test subject is unable to taste Bitrex and mayhole in front of the test subject's nose and mouth area not perform the Bitrex fit test.to accommodate the nebulizer nozzle.

(12) If a taste response is elicited, the test subject(3) The test subject shall don the test enclosure. shall be asked to take note of the taste for referenceThroughout the threshold screening test, the test in the fit test.subject shall breathe through his or her slightly openmouth with tongue extended. The subject is (13) Correct use of the nebulizer means thatinstructed to report when he/she detects a bitter taste approximately 1 m1 of liquid is used at a time in the

nebulizer body.(4) Using a DeVilbiss Model 40 InhalationMedication Nebulizer or equivalent, the test (14) The nebulizer shall be thoroughly rinsed inconductor shall spray the Threshold Check Solution water, shaken to dry, and refilled at least eachinto the enclosure. This Nebulizer shall be clearly morning and afternoon or at least every four hours.marked to distinguish it from the fit test solution (b) Bitrex Solution Aerosol Fit Test Procedure.nebulizer.

(1) The test subject may not eat, drink (except plain(5) The Threshold Check Solution is prepared by water), smoke, or chew gum for 15 minutes beforeadding 13.5 milligrams of Bitrex to 100 m1 of5% salt the test.(NaCI) solution in distilled water.

(2) The fit test uses the same enclosure as that(6) To produce the aerosol, the nebulizer bulb is described in 4. (a) above.fmnly squeezed so that the bulb collapsescompletely, and is then released and allowed to fully (3) The test subject shall don the enclosure whileexpand. wearing the respirator selected according to section I.

A. of this appendix. The respirator shall be properly(7) An initial ten squeezes are repeated rapidly and adjusted and equipped with any type particulatethen the test subject is asked whether the Bitrex can filter(s).be tasted. If the test subject reports tasting the bittertaste during the ten squeezes, the screening test is (4) A second DeVilbiss Model 40 Inhalationcompleted. The taste threshold is noted as ten Medication Nebulizer or equivalent is used to sprayregardless of the number of squeezes actually the fit test solution into the enclosure. This nebulizercompleted. shall be clearly marked to distinguish it from the

screening test solution nebulizer.(8) If the fIrst response is negative, ten more squeezesare repeated rapidly and the test subject is again (5) The fit test solution is prepared by adding 337.5asked whether the Bitrex is tasted. If the test subject mg of Bitrex to 200 m1 of a 5% salt (NaCI) solutionreports tasting the bitter taste during the second ten in warm water.squeezes, the screening test is completed. The tastethreshold is noted as twenty regardless of the number (6) As before, the test subject shall breathe throughof squeezes actually completed. his or her slightly open mouth with tongue extended,

and be instructed to report if he/she tastes the bitter(9) If the second response is negative, ten more taste ofBitrex.squeezes are repeated rapidly and the test subject isagain asked whether the Bitrex is tasted. If the test (7) The nebulizer is inserted into the hole in the frontsubject reports tasting the bitter taste during the third of the enclosure and an initial concentration of the fitset of ten squeezes, the screening test is completed. test solution is sprayed into the enclosure using the

E-26


same number of squeezes (either 10, 20 or 30 (5) The fit test shall be performed in.an area withsqueezes) based on the number of squeezes required adequate ventilation to prevent exposure of theto elicit a taste response as noted during the screening person conducting the fit test or the build-up oftest. irritant smoke in the general atmosphere.

(8) After generating the aerosol, the test subject shall (b) Sensitivity Screening Checkbe instructed to perform the exercises in section I. A.14. of this appendix. The person to be tested must demonstrate his or her

ability to detect a weak concentration of the irritant(9) Every 30 seconds the aerosol concentration shall smoke.be replenished using one half the number of squeezesused initially (e.g., 5, 10 or 15). (1) The test operator shall break both ends of a

ventilation smoke tube containing stannic chloride,(10) The test subject shall indicate to the test and attach one end of the smoke tube to a low flowconductor if at any time during the fit test the taste of air pump set to deliver 200 milliliters per minute, orBitrex is detected. If the test subject does not report an aspirator squeeze bulb. The test operator shalltasting the Bitrex, the test is passed. cover the other end of the smoke tube with a short

piece of tubing to prevent potential injury from the(11) If the taste of Bitrex is detected, the fit is jagged end of the smoke tube.deemed unsatisfactory and the test is failed. Adifferent respirator shall be tried and the entire test (2) The test operator shall advise the test subject thatprocedure is repeated (taste threshold screening and the smoke can be irritating to the eyes, lungs, andfit testing). nasal passages and instruct the subject to keep hislher

eyes closed while the test is performed.5. Irritant Smoke (Stannic Chloride) Protocol

(3) The test subject shall be allowed to smell a weakThis qualitative fit test uses a person's response to the concentration of the irritant smoke before theirritating chemicals released in the "smoke" produced respirator is donned to become familiar with itsby a stannic chloride ventilation smoke tube to detect irritating properties and to determine if he/she canleakage into the respirator. detect the irritating properties of the smoke. The test

operator shall carefully direct a small amount of the(a) General Requirements and Precautions irritant smoke in the test subject's direction to

determine that he/she can detect it.( I) The respirator to be tested shall be equipped withhigh efficiency particulate air (HEPA) or PIOO series (c) Irritant Smoke Fit Test Procedurefilter(s).

(I) The person being fit tested shall don the respirator(2) Only stannic chloride smoke tubes shall be used without assistance, and perform the required user sealfor this protocol. check(s).

(3) No form of test enclosure or hood for the test (2) The test subject shall be instructed to keep hislhersubject shall be used. eyes closed.

(4) The smoke can be irritating to the eyes, lungs, (3) The test operator shall direct the stream of irritantand nasal passages. The test conductor shall take smoke from the smoke tube toward the face seal areaprecautions to minimize the test subject's exposure to of the test subject, using the low flow pump or theirritant smoke. Sensitivity varies, and certain squeeze bulb. The test operator shall begin at least 12individuals may respond to a greater degree to irritant inches from the facepiece and move the smokesmoke. Care shall be taken when performing the stream around the whole perimeter of the mask. Thesensitivity screening checks that determine whether operator shall gradually make two more passesthe test subject can detect irritant smoke to use only around the perimeter of the mask, moving to withinthe minimum amount of smoke necessary to elicit a six inches of the respirator.response from the test subject.

E-27


(4) If the person being tested has not had an according to the manufacturer's instructions so as toinvoluntary response and/or detected the irritant operate at the parameters for which it was designed.smoke, proceed with the test exercises.

2. Generated Aerosol Quantitative Fit Testing(5) The exercises identified in section I.A. 14. of this Protocolappendix shall be performed by the test subject whilethe respirator seal is being continually challenged by (a) Apparatus.the smoke, directed around the perimeter of therespirator at a distance of six inches. (1) Instrumentation. Aerosol generation, dilution, and

measurement systems using particulates (corn oil,(6) If the person being fit tested reports detecting the polyethylene glycol 400 [PEG 400], di-2-ethyl hexylirritant smoke at any time, the test is failed. The sebacate [DEHS] or sodium chloride) as test aerosolsperson being retested must repeat the entire shall be used for quantitative fit testing.sensitivity check and fit test procedure.

(2) Test chamber. The test chamber shall be large(7) Each test subject passing the irritant smoke test enough to permit all test subjects to perform freely allwithout evidence of a response (involuntary cough, required exercises without disturbing the test agentirritation) shall be given a second sensitivity concentration or the measurement apparatus. The testscreening check, with the smoke from the same chamber shall be equipped and constructed so thatsmoke tube used during the fit test, once the the test agent is effectively isolated from the ambientrespirator has been removed, to determine whether air, yet uniform in concentration throughout thehe/she still reacts to the smoke. Failure to evoke a chamber.response shall void the fit test.

(3) When testing air-purifying respirators, the normal(8) If a response is produced during this second filter or cartridge element shall be replaced with asensitivity check, then the fit test is passed. high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) or PIOO series

filter supplied by the same manufacturer.C. Quantitative Fit Test (QNFT) Protocols

(4) The sampling instrument shall be selected so thatThe following quantitative fit testing procedures have a computer record or strip chart record may be madebeen demonstrated to be acceptable: Quantitative fit of the test showing the rise and fall of the test agenttesting using a non- hazardous test aerosol (such as concentration with each inspiration and expiration atcorn oil, polyethylene glycol 400 [PEG 400], di-2- fit factors of at least 2,000. Integrators or computersethyl hexyl sebacate [DEHS], or sodium chloride) that integrate the amount of test agent penetrationgenerated in a test chamber, and employing leakage into the respirator for each exercise may beinstrumentation to quantify the fit of the respirator; used provided a record of the readings is made.Quantitative fit testing using ambient aerosol as thetest agent and appropriate instrumentation (5) The combination of substitute air-purifying(condensation nuclei counter) to quantify the elements, test agent and test agent concentration shallrespirator fit; Quantitative fit testing using controlled be such that the test subject is not exposed in excessnegative pressure and appropriate instrumentation to of an established exposure limit for the test agent atmeasure the volumetric leak rate of a facepiece to any time during the testing process, based upon thequantify the respirator fit. length of the exposure and the exposure limit

duration.1. General

(6) The sampling port on the test specimen respirator(a) The employer shall ensure that persons shall be placed and constructed so that no leakageadministering QNFT are able to calibrate equipment occurs around the port (e.g., where the respirator isand perform tests properly, recognize invalid tests, probed), a free air flow is allowed into the samplingcalculate fit factors properly and ensure that test line at all times, and there is no interference with theequipment is in proper working order. fit or performance of the respirator. The in-mask

sampling device (probe) shall be designed and used(b) The employer shall ensure that QNFT equipment so that the air sample is drawn from the breathingis kept clean, and is maintained and calibrated zone of the test subject, midway between the nose

E-28


and mouth and with the probe extending into the eliminate poor fitting respirators before. going on to

facepiece cavity at least 1/4 inch. perform a full QNFT.

(7) The test setup shall peIn1it the person (3) A reasonably stable test agent concentration shall

administering the test to observe the test subject be measured in the test chamber prior to testing. For

inside the chamber during the test. canopy or shower curtain types of test units, the

detennination of the test agent's stability may be

(8) The equipment generating the test atmosphere established after the test subject has entered the test

shall maintain the concentration of test agent constant environment.

to within a 10 percent variation for the duration of

the test. (4) Immediately after the subject enters the test

chamber, the test agent concentration inside the(9) The time lag (interval between an event and the respirator shall be measured to ensure that the peak

recording of the event on the strip chart or computer penetration does not exceed 5 percent for a half mask

or integrator) shall be kept to a minimum. There shall or 1 percent for a full facepiece respirator.

be a clear association between the occurrence of an

event and its being recorded. (5) A stable test agent concentration shall be obtained

prior to the actual start of testing.(10) The sampling line tubing for the test chamber

atmosphere and for the respirator sampling port shall (6) Respirator restraining straps shall not be over-

be of equal diameter and of the same material. The tightened for testing. The straps shall be adjusted by

length of the two lines shall be equal. the wearer without assistance from other persons to

give a reasonably comfortable fit typical of normal(11) The exhaust flow from the test chamber shall use. The respirator shall not be adjusted once the fit

pass through an appropriate filter (i.e., high test exercises begin.

efficiency particulate filter) before release.

(7) The test shall be terminated whenever any single(12) When sodium chloride aerosol is used, the peak penetration exceeds 5 percent for half masks

relative humidity inside the test chamber shall not and 1 percent for full facepiece respirators. The test

exceed 50 percent. subject shall be refitted and retested.

(13) The limitations of instrument detection shall be (8) Calculation of fit factors. .taken into account when determining the fit factor.

(i) The fit factor shall be determined for the(14) Test respirators shall be maintained in proper quantitative fit test by taking the ratio of the average

working order and be inspected regularly for chamber concentration to the concentration measured

deficiencies such as cracks or missing valves and inside the respirator for each test exercise except the

gaskets. grimace exercise.

(b) Procedural Requirements. (ii) The average test chamber concentration shall be

calculated as the arithmetic average of the(1) When performing the initial user seal check using concentration measured before and after each test

a positive or negative pressure check, the sampling (i.e., 7 exercises) or the arithmetic average of the

line shall be crimped closed in order to avoid air concentration measured before and after each

pressure leakage during either of these pressure exercise or the true average measured continuouslychecks. during the respirator sample.

(2) The use of an abbreviated screening QLFT test is (iii) The concentration of the challenge agent inside

optional. Such a test may be utilized in order to the respirator shall be determined by one of the

quickly identify poor fitting respirators that passed following methods:

the positive and/or negative pressure test and reduce

the amount of QNFT time. The use of the CNC (A) Average peak penetration method means the

QNFT instrument in the count mode is another method of determining test agent penetration into the

optional method to obtain a quick estimate of fit and respirator utilizing a strip chart recorder, integrator,

E - 2 9 1.- ..1111-


or computer. The agent penetration is determined by quantitative fit tests. A probed respirator has a special

an average of the peak heights on the graph or by sampling device, installed on the respirator, that

computer integration, for each exercise except the allows the probe to sample the air from inside the

grimace exercise. Integrators or computers that mask, A probed respirator is required for each make,

calculate the actual test agent penetration into the style, model, and size that the employer uses and can

respirator for each exercise will also be considered to be obtained from the respirator manufacturer or

meet the requirements of the average peak distributor. The CNC instrument manufacturer, TSI

penetration method. Inc., also provides probe attachments (TSI sampling

adapters) that permit fit testing in an employee's own

(B) Maximum peak penetration method means the respirator. A minimum fit factor pass level of at least

method of determining test agent penetration in the 100 is necessary for a half-mask respirator and a

respirator as determined by strip chart recordings of minimum fit factor pass level of at least 500 is

the test. The highest peak penetration for a given required for a full facepiece negative pressure

exercise is taken to be representative of average respirator. The entire screening and testing procedure

penetration into the respirator for that exercise. shall be explained to the test subject prior to the

conduct of the screening test.

(C) Integration by calculation of the area under the

individual peak for each exercise except the grimace (a) Portacount Fit Test Requirements.

exercise. This includes computerized integration,

(1) Check the respirator to make sure the sampling

(D) The calculation of the overall fit factor using probe and line are properly attached to the facepiece

individual exercise fit factors involves fIrst and that the respirator is fitted with a particulate filter

converting the exercise fit factors to penetration capable of preventing significant penetration by the

values, determining the average, and then converting ambient particles used for the fit test (e.g., NIOSH 42

that result back to a fit factor. This procedure is CFR 84 series 100, series 99, or series 95 particulate

described in the following equation: filter) per manufacturer's instruction.

(2) Instruct the person to be tested to don the

Overall Number of exercises respirator for five minutes before the fit test starts,Fit = This purges the ambient particles trapped inside the

Factor 1 Iff + 1 Iff + 1 Iff + 1 Iff + 1 If! + 1 Iff + 1 Iff + 11ft: resp~ator ~d permits the weare~ to ~a~e. certain the) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 respIrator IS comfortable, ThIS mdlvldual shall

Wh ff! fM fn t th fit ~ t fi already have been trained on how to wear theere , l~, 1.:1, e c, are e 1 lac ors or ,

1. 1 2 3 t respIrator proper y.exercIses, , , e c.

(9) Th t t b . t h 11 t b .tt d t (3) Check the following conditions for the adequacye es su ~ec s a no e perInI e 0 wear a ,.h If k rt ~' . t 1 of the respIrator fit: Chm properly placed; Adequate

a mas or qua er laceplece respIra or un ess a . , ,, , fit ~ t f 100 ' bta ' d full strap tensIon, not overly tIghtened; FIt across nose

mmlInum 1 lac or 0 IS 0 me, or a b ' d . f ' d.~' ' t 1 ' , fit ~ t f n ge; RespIrator 0 proper SIZe to span Istancelacep1ece respIra or un ess a Inm1Inum 1 lac or 0 , .,500 ' bt ' d from nose to chin; Tendency of the respIrator to SllP;

1S 0 ame , S If b ".1 fi de -0 servauon m a mIrror to eva uate 1t an

(10) F .l d fi " fi . h 11 b respirator position,1 ters use or quantItatIve It testing s a e

replaced whenever increased breathing resistance is (4) H th . th . dave e person weanng e respIrator 0 a userencountered, or when the test agent has altered the 1 h k If 1 ak ' d d d ' h'

t ' fth filt d . sea c ec , e age IS etecte, etermme t em egnty 0 e 1 er me 1a. If 1 k . fr 1 fi ' ~ .

cause, ea age IS om a poor y Ittmg lacep1ece,

3 A b ' t 1 d U. 1 . t try another size of the same model respirator, or. m 1en aeroso con ensa on nuc el coun er ,(CNC) U' tat ' fit t tin. t 1 another model of respIrator,

quan Ive 1 es g pro oco ,

1910.134andappendicessecure.sawconcrete.com/info/safetydocs/safety_program...1910.134(b) defmitions....

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