1914-1918The World

at War

1914-1918The World

at War

Created By: Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley H. S., Chappaqua, NY

Created By: Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley H. S., Chappaqua, NY

The 4 M.A.I.N.

Causes of the War

The 4 M.A.I.N.

Causes of the War

What were they?

1. Militarism & Arms Race1. Militarism & Arms Race

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914

94 130 154 268 289 398

Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br.,

Rus.] (in millions of £’s.)

1910-1914 Increase in Defense

Expenditures

France 10%

Britain 13%

Russia 39%

Germany

73%

All this is evidence of an:

Anglo-German Arms Race

4

✤Triple Alliance (1881)✤Russian-German Reinsurgence Treaty

(1887)✤“Splendid Isolation” (until 1902)✤Anglo-Japanese Alliance (1902)✤Entente Cordial (1904)✤Triple Entente (1907)

4

2. Entangling Alliances2. Entangling Alliances

Triple Entente:Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:Triple Alliance:

Two Armed Camps!Two Armed Camps!Allied Powers:Allied Powers: Central Powers:Central Powers:

Europe in 1914Europe in 1914

3. Imperialism & Colonial Rivalries

3. Imperialism & Colonial Rivalries

9

10

✤Berlin Conference (1884-85)✤Kruger Telegram (1902)

✤ I express to you my sincere congratulations that you and your people, without appealing to the help of friendly powers, have succeeded, by your own energetic action against the armed bands which invaded your country as disturbers of the peace, in restoring peace and in maintaining the independence of the country against attack from without

✤First Moroccan Crisis✤Algeciras Conference (1906)✤“encirclement”

✤Second Moroccan Crisis (1911)10

Imperialism: Major EventsImperialism: Major Events

4. Aggressive Nationalism

4. Aggressive Nationalism

Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914

Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914

The“Powder

Keg”of Europe

The“Powder

Keg”of Europe

The“Spark

”

The“Spark

”

Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

The Assassination: Sarajevo

June 28, 1914

The Assassination: Sarajevo

June 28, 1914

The Assassin: The Assassin:

GavriloPrincipGavriloPrincip

Who’s To Blame?Who’s To Blame?

The Schlieffen PlanThe Schlieffen Plan

Recruitment PostersRecruitment Posters

A Young Australian Recruit

A Young Australian Recruit

Recruits of the Central PowersRecruits of the Central Powers

Austro-Hungarians

Austro-Hungarians

A German Soldier Says

Farewell to His Mother

A German Soldier Says

Farewell to His Mother

New French RecruitsNew French Recruits

A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

Womenand theWar

Effort

Womenand theWar

Effort

Financing the WarFinancing the War

Munitions WorkersMunitions Workers

French Women Factory Workers

French Women Factory Workers

German Women Factory Workers

German Women Factory Workers

Red Cross NursesRed Cross Nurses

Women in the Army Auxiliary

Women in the Army Auxiliary

Russian Women Soldiers

Russian Women Soldiers

Posters:Wartime

Propaganda

Posters:Wartime

Propaganda

Australian PosterAustralian Poster

American PosterAmerican Poster

Financing the WarFinancing the War

37

Canadian Poster

German PosterGerman Poster

Think of Your Children!

39

German Poster

“The next candidates for the Noble Peace Prize”

The Western Front:

A “War of Attrition”

The Western Front:

A “War of Attrition”

A Multi-Front WarA Multi-Front War

The Western FrontThe Western Front

43

The Battle of the Marne (1914)

wGermans came within sight of Paris.

wEssentially, the end of mobility on the Western Front.

Trench WarfareTrench Warfare

Trench WarfareTrench Warfare

“No Man’s Land”

“No Man’s Land”

TheEastern

Front

TheEastern

Front

Turkish Cavalry in Palestine

Turkish Cavalry in Palestine

The Tsar with General Brusilov

The Tsar with General Brusilov

The“Colonial”

Fronts

The“Colonial”

Fronts

Sikh British Soldiers in India

Sikh British Soldiers in India

Fighting in AfricaFighting in Africa

3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade

Fighting in AfricaFighting in Africa

British Sikh Mountain Gunners

British Sikh Mountain Gunners

Black Soldiers in the German

Schutztruppen[German E. Africa]

Black Soldiers in the German

Schutztruppen[German E. Africa]

Fighting in ChinaFighting in China

French colonial marine infantry fromCochin, China - 1916

French colonial marine infantry fromCochin, China - 1916

AmericaJoinsthe

Allies

AmericaJoinsthe

Allies

The Sinking of the Lusitania

The Sinking of the Lusitania

The Zimmerman TelegramThe Zimmerman Telegram

The War of the

Industrial Revolution:

NewTechnology

The War of the

Industrial Revolution:

NewTechnology

Krupp’s “Big Bertha” GunKrupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun

French Renault TankFrench Renault Tank

61

British Tank, 1915British Tank, 1915

U-BoatsU-Boats

Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

The AirplaneThe Airplane

“Squadron Over the Brenta”

Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

“Squadron Over the Brenta”

Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

The ZeppelinThe Zeppelin

FlameThrowers

FlameThrowers

GrenadeLaunchersGrenade

Launchers

Poison GasPoison Gas

Machine Gun

Machine Gun

German Cartoon:“Fit for active service!”,

1918

German Cartoon:“Fit for active service!”,

1918

11 a.m., November 11, 1918

11 a.m., November 11, 1918

The Armistice is Signed!

World War I CasualtiesWorld War I Casualties

0

2,500,000

5,000,000

7,500,000

10,000,000

1

RussiaGermanyAustria-HungaryFranceGreat BritainItalyTurkeyUS