Bell Ringer1. How are the post war

goals of the US and USSR going to differ?

2. Why is Harry Truman so happy?

The Accidental President• Truman becomes President after only a few months

as Vice President.

• Had only spoken to FDR a handful of times

• “The Buck Stops Here”

The United Nations• International peace keeping organization– Similar to the League of Nations

• All members belong to General Assembly

• US, USSR, Great Britain, France, and China have permanent seats on the Security Council– All have veto power

American Post War Goals• America wanted independent democratic

countries in Europe.

• Free market economies open to trade.

Soviet Goals

• Western border protected as buffer zone of satellite nations.

• Spread communism throughout Europe.

The Iron Curtain

• Winston Churchill responds by saying that “…an iron curtain has descended across the continent…”

• Iron Curtain comes to represent Communist blockade of Eastern Europe.

Quick Review

1. What form of government did the US want for Eastern European countries like Poland?

2. What was Stalin’s goal for post-war Eastern Europe?

3. Who coined the phrase “Iron Curtain?”

4. What was the “Iron Curtain?”

Containment• Truman’s policy to stop the

spread of Communism.

• Firm and vigilant long-term

Truman Doctrine• Truman pledges to help

any country that is being threatened by an armed minority or outsiders.

• Congress approves $400 Million to help Greece and Turkey

The Marshall Plan• Economic recovery plan

for Europe

• Over $13 Billion sent to aid Europe

• Soviets deny aid

Berlin Airlift• Stalin cuts supply route

to West Berlin

• Americans drop supplies around the clock by plane

• Blockade ends

NATO• North Atlantic Treaty

Organization

• Western European countries standing up against Soviet Expansion

NATO

• An attack against one is an attack against all.

• Stalin creates the Warsaw Pact– Treaty with satellite countries to stand up to NATO

Russia Gets the Bomb• Soviets test a nuclear

bomb in Sept. of 1949.

• Americans call it Joe 1

Red China• Civil war in China

• Nationalists: Chiang Kai-shek• Communists: Mao Zedong

• Mao wins and nationalists flee to Taiwan

• Taiwan gets China’s seat in UN

The Korean War 1950-53• Communist North Korea invades

Democratic South Korea– North backed by Stalin and China– South backed by UN and US

• Truman fires McArthur for threatening to nuke China– Does not run for re-election

Ending the War• Ike promises to end war if elected in 1952

• Stalin dies in 1953

• Ike threatens to nuke North Korea– Armistice signed in 1953– We’re still there!

Bell Ringer

1. How did the post-war goals for the US and the Soviet Union differ?

2. What was Truman’s policy for dealing with the expansion of communism?

3. What two countries went to war when one tried to force communism on the other?

McCarthyism• After China goes communist, Americans fear

communists in the US

• Sen. Joe McCarthy running for re-election, claims to have a list of 205 communists working in the US government.– List later dropped to 57

The Middle East

• Eisenhower Doctrine– US will defend the Middle

East against Communist aggression.

– Defend Israel

• CIA helps overthrow gov’t of Iran and installs US friendly Shah of Iran.

Latin America• Guatemala falls to communism.– US fruit company becomes property

of the government of Guatemala.

• CIA overthrows Guatemalan Government – Protecting American property rights

Arms Race• Peace through nuclear

deterrence. – Weapons so strong, cost of war

was too great

• Brinkmanship: Threaten war to make the other guy back down

U-2 Incident• America using planes to spy on Soviet missile sites

• Spy plane shot down over Russia– Pilot captured (Francis Gary Powers)

• Eisenhower denies involvement– Pilot returned safely

Sputnik and the Space Race

• October 1957, USSR puts first man made satellite in space.– America doubles the amount of

math and science in schools

• Sputnik II carried a dog– Laika

• First man in space Yuri Gagarin

• Alan Shepard first American

Final Review1. How did the Truman’s policy towards communism

differ from that of Eisenhower?

2. Which superpower won the space race?

3. What is an arms race?

4. Describe the events of the U-2 incident.