1918 influenza - slides

Eastern Illinois UniversityThe Keep

The Flu: Opening Program Video and Documents The Flu: Opening Program

2018

1918 Influenza - SlidesShelia Simons

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THE 1918 INFLUENZA:IMPACT, IMPLICATIONS, AND UNCERTAINTY

THOSE WHO CANNOT REMEMBER THE PAST ARE CONDEMNED TO REPEAT IT.

George Santayana

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Influenza virus cause a pandemic every 10- 30 years. Four of them occurred in the 20th century, one in the 21st century.

Pandemic vs.

Epidemic

INFLUENZA PANDEMICS

1918: Spanish Influenza (H1N1)1957: Asian Flu (H2N2)1968: Hong Kong Flu (H3N2)2009: Swine Flu (H1N1)

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Influenza's complexity: 144 varieties of flu. Not all of these 144 are infective.

PATIENT ZEROMarch 11

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Pvt. Gitchell reported in the am 100+ by noon

1918: SPANISH INFLUENZA

Where did it come from?

Average life span

Minimal understanding

Targeted young healthy individuals

1917-1918 LIFE EXPECTANCY

48

54

36

42.2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Men Women

1917 1918

IN COMPARISON

675,000

100,000,000

500,000,000

25,000,0000

100,000,000

200,000,000

300,000,000

400,000,000

500,000,000

600,000,000

U.S. deaths Global deaths min Global deaths max Plague

GLOBAL DEATHS FROM INFLUENZA PANDEMICS

500,000,000

2,000,000 4,000,000 575,0000

100,000,000

200,000,000

300,000,000

400,000,000

500,000,000

600,000,000

Spanish Asian Hong Kong Swine (H1N1)

UNITED STATES DEATHS FROM INFLUENZA

675,000

70,000 38,200 4,0000

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

Spanish Asian Hong Kong Swine

United States

WHAT IF IT WERE TO HAPPEN TODAY?

1,500,000

300,000,000

20,000,0000

50,000,000

100,000,000

150,000,000

200,000,000

250,000,000

300,000,000

350,000,000

U.S. deaths Global deaths India

IN 1918…

Limited care

Difficulty in disposing of the dead

No way to protect the healthy

Virus could not be isolated

Deaths produced large number of orphans

Understanding of disease transmission

Massive troop movement

CHAIN OF INFECTION

EARLY TREATMENTS

Snake oils

Quarantines

Closing public establishments

Funeral control

WAVES OF FLU

Cold

Gradual

Low grade fever

Slight headache

Stuffy or runny nose/sneezing

Feeling tired

Sore throat

Mild to moderate hacking cough

Near normal appetite

Flu

Sudden Fever of 100° F Muscle aches and pain Loss of appetite Chills Nausea & vomiting Feeling exhausted Dry cough Severe headache Chest discomfort

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Flu infectivity 1 day before symptoms and up to 2 weeks Cold infectivity 1 day before symptoms and up to 5-7 days

DANGERS OF INFLUENZA

Virus can destroy respiratory epithelium Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)Hyper-cytokinemia Cytokine storm

ARDS

Necrosis

Dilatation of blood vessels

Complications Tissue scarring Pneumothorax Infections

CHALLENGES

Strains

Understanding Severity Respiratory disease

Vaccine Development and concerns

Migratory bird paths

Flights per day & ease of travel

Presenter

Presentation Notes

36000 deaths over 200000 hospitalizations from compilations

19.6 BILLION CHICKENS

980 MILLION SWINE

DAILY FLIGHT PATTERNS

PREVENTION

Self-quarantine

Social distancing

Cough/sneeze etiquette

Masks?

Hand washing

Vaccinate

2018-2019 INFLUENZA SEASON

A/Michigan/45/2015 (H1N1)pdm09-like virus

A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 A(H3N2)-like virus

B/Colorado/06/2017-like (Victoria lineage) virus

TREATMENT

Antivirals – Tamiflu

Fluids

Rest

Fever reducer Acetaminophen

NSAIDs Ibuprofen Naproxen Aspirin

PANDEMIC INFLUENZA PLAN

1. Surveillance, Epidemiology, Laboratory Activities

2. Community Mitigation Measures

3. Medical Countermeasures

4. Health Care System Preparedness and Response

5. Communications and Public Outreach

6. Scientific Infrastructure and Preparedness

7. Domestic and International Response

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