1945: the conquering heroes return
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1945: THE CONQUERING HEROES RETURN. Oakmont Sunday Symposium November 11, 2012 Bob Kirk, Presenter. Norman Rockwell captured what GI’s and the folks back home waited for and dreamed about. Memories of Wars Past. Vets in 1945 were better provided for than in 1787. Grand Army of the Republic. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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1945: THE CONQUERING HEROES
RETURN
1945: THE CONQUERING HEROES
RETURN
Oakmont Sunday SymposiumNovember 11, 2012Bob Kirk, Presenter
Oakmont Sunday SymposiumNovember 11, 2012Bob Kirk, Presenter
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Norman Rockwell captured what GI’s and the folks back home waited for and dreamed about.
Norman Rockwell captured what GI’s and the folks back home waited for and dreamed about.
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Memories of Wars PastMemories of Wars Past
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Vets in 1945 were better provided for than in 1787Vets in 1945 were better provided for than in 1787
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Grand Army of the RepublicGrand Army of the Republic
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1932: WWI vets camp in Washington to get bonuses
1932: WWI vets camp in Washington to get bonuses
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Troops under MacArthur disperse the Bonus Army Troops under MacArthur
disperse the Bonus Army
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At last . . . It’s overAt last . . . It’s over
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1941-1945: 13 million served
1941-1945: 13 million served
405,000 American service men and women had died in the war
670,000 had suffered woundsWithin two years, only 1.5 million
remained in the armed services . . . The others were discharged or had died
405,000 American service men and women had died in the war
670,000 had suffered woundsWithin two years, only 1.5 million
remained in the armed services . . . The others were discharged or had died
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Japanese envoys accept unconditional surrenderJapanese envoys accept unconditional surrender
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V-J Day August 15, 1945V-J Day August 15, 1945
Americans were jubilant that the long nightmare was over. This sailor shows his exuberance.
Americans were jubilant that the long nightmare was over. This sailor shows his exuberance.
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Our heroes returnOur heroes return
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What the GI’s returned to:What the GI’s returned to:
Some food still rationed. Gas rationing ended September 15
Minimum wage was 40¢ an hourWomen still drew nylons on their legs85 million went to the movies weeklyMen wore ties during dinner at homeMost adults smoked
Some food still rationed. Gas rationing ended September 15
Minimum wage was 40¢ an hourWomen still drew nylons on their legs85 million went to the movies weeklyMen wore ties during dinner at homeMost adults smoked
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Factories were shut and 2.6 million workers laid offFactories were shut and
2.6 million workers laid off
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Economists expected the Depression would returnEconomists expected the Depression would return
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Wounds - physical and psychologicalWounds - physical and psychological
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‘The Best Years of Our Lives’ (1946)‘The Best Years of Our Lives’ (1946)
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The GI Bill guaranteed medical care
The GI Bill guaranteed medical care
670,000 suffered from wounds of various kinds. Many lost the use of limbs, sight, hearing, etc.
670,000 suffered from wounds of various kinds. Many lost the use of limbs, sight, hearing, etc.
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45% of Iraq or Afghanistan vets file for a disability
45% of Iraq or Afghanistan vets file for a disability
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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
83,000 Iraq and Afghanistan vets are hospitalized. Vets suffer flashbacks and nightmares from trauma or battle fatigue. Some suffer from alcoholism.
83,000 Iraq and Afghanistan vets are hospitalized. Vets suffer flashbacks and nightmares from trauma or battle fatigue. Some suffer from alcoholism.
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The Servicemen’s Readjustment
Act of 1944
The Servicemen’s Readjustment
Act of 1944
Called “The GI Bill”Called “The GI Bill”
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FDR signs the GI Bill, 1944FDR signs the GI Bill, 1944
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What was in the GI Bill?What was in the GI Bill?
A vet was guaranteed his old job backMedical care was providedUnemployment insurance -- “The 52-20
Club”One year of education plus additional
months depending on service timeLow-interest loans for business or home
A vet was guaranteed his old job backMedical care was providedUnemployment insurance -- “The 52-20
Club”One year of education plus additional
months depending on service timeLow-interest loans for business or home
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2,000,000 went to college2,000,000 went to college
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Americans had saved $140 billion
Americans had saved $140 billion
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Housing had decayedHousing had decayed
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1/3 of dwellings lacked toilets1/3 of dwellings lacked toilets
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A severe housing shortage A severe housing shortage
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A Golden Age for America, mid-1940s
to mid-1970s
A Golden Age for America, mid-1940s
to mid-1970s
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Levittown, Long Island - mass-produced houses
Levittown, Long Island - mass-produced houses
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A home fit for a veteran and his family
A home fit for a veteran and his family
By the end of the war, the US had 28 million adequate housing units for . . . 37 million families.
We desperately needed millions of homes.
By the end of the war, the US had 28 million adequate housing units for . . . 37 million families.
We desperately needed millions of homes.
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800 square feet for $7,990800 square feet for $7,990
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Montgomery Village construction, Santa Rosa
Montgomery Village construction, Santa Rosa
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Oh, boy! A new car!Oh, boy! A new car!
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1946-64, 76 million babies1946-64, 76 million babies
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And we all lived happily ever after . . . Well, pretty much . . .
And we all lived happily ever after . . . Well, pretty much . . .
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Thank you . . . and thank a veteran for
our freedom
Thank you . . . and thank a veteran for
our freedom
Bob KirkBob Kirk