http://www.slideshare.net/ShubhamGupta144/doc-file-on-modelling-and-designing-of-supercapacitorsImage: http://electronicdesign.com/site-files/electronicdesign.com/files/archive/electronicdesign.com/files/29/20034/fig_03.gifApplications: http://www.mpoweruk.com/supercaps.htmLow powerCapacitors are extensively used as power back-up for memory functions in a wide range of consumer products such as mobile phones, laptops and radio tuners.Used in pulsed applications to share the load and for providing peak power assistance to reduce the duty cycle on the battery to prolong battery life in products or devices using mechanical actuators such as digital cameras.Also used for energy storage for solar panels, and motor starters.High powerThe shortcomings above render supercapacitors unsuitable as primary power source for EV and HEV applications however their advantages make them ideal for temporary energy storage for capturing and storing the energy from regenerative braking and for providing a booster charge in response to sudden power demands.Since the capacitor is normally connected in parallel with the battery in these applications, it can only be charged up to the battery upper voltage level and it can only be discharged down to the battery lower discharge level, leaving considerable unusable charge in the capacitor, thus limiting its effective or useful energy storage capacity.Using supercapacitors in EVs and HEVs to facilitate regenerative braking can add 15% to 25% to the range of the vehicle.At the same time, supercapacitors can provide an effective short duration peak power boost allowing the prime battery to be downsized.It should be noted however that while supercapacitors can be used to to provide the increased range and short term power, it is at the cost of considerable added weight and bulk of the system, and this should be weighed against the advantages of using higher capacity batteries.Supercapacitors are also used to provide fast acting short term power back up for UPS applications. By combining a capacitor with a battery-based uninterruptible power supply system, the life of the batteries can be extended. The batteries provide power only during the longer interruptions, reducing the peak loads on the battery and permitting the use of smaller batteries.

http://www.tecategroup.com/ultracapacitors-supercapacitors/ultracapacitor-FAQ.phpParallel and SeriesEquations

Need to Learn 3 electrode system, different Electrochemical methods of analysis Difference of power and energy density Difference of batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells Ragone plot How battery works Types of batteries Anode, Cathode, electrolyte, discharge characteristics, temperature/voltages of different battery Parts of fuel cells, current collectors, catalyst, MEA Types of fuel cells, 1.23 Precious metals, internal reforming for high temp, questions from quiz 4 subsystems Supercapacitors, design considerations, temperature effect, why use, applications, carbon materials, why high capacitance Efficiencies, depending on the chemical reaction