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Coltagen Biosynthesis: A M ini Review Cluster

KARl I K IVIR IKKO

Collagen Research Unit , Biocenter and Department of Medical Biochemistry, Universi ty of Oulu, Oulu,

Finland

I n t r o d u c t i o n

C o l l a g e n b i o s y n t h e s i s i n v o l v e s a n u n u s u a l l y l a r g e

n u m b e r o f c o t r a n s l a t io n a l a n d p o s t - t r a n s l a ti o n a l e v e n t s ,

m a n y o f w h i c h a r e u n i q u e t o c o l la g e n s a n d a f e w o t h e r

p r o t e i n s w i t h c o l l a g e n - l i k e a m i n o a c id s e q u e n c e s . T h e

i n t r a c e l l u l a r e v e n t s a r e c a t a l y z e d b y f i v e s p e c i f i c e n -

z y m e s , s o m e o f w h i c h h a v e f u r t h e r i so e n z y m e s . P r o ly l

4 - h y d r o x y l a s e p l a y s a c e n t ra l r o l e a m o n g t h e s e e n z y m e s ,

a s t h e 4 - h y d r o x y p r o l i n e r e s i d u e s f o r m e d i n i t s r e a c t i o n

a r e e s s e n t i a l f o r t h e f o l d i n g o f t h e n e w l y s y n t h e s i z e d c o l -

l a g e n p o l y p e p t i d e c h a i n s i n t o t r i p l e - h e l i c a l m o l e c u l e s .

T h i s e nzy m e wi ll be d i scus sed i n t he f i rs t a r ti c l e o f t he

ser ies .

T h e f o u r o t h e r s p e c i f ic i n t r a c e l lu l a r e n z y m e s o f c o l l a -

g e n s y n t h e s i s w i l l n o t b e r e v i e w e d h e r e . L y s y l h y d r o x y -

l as e h a s n o w b e e n cl o n e d f r o m h u m a n H a u t a l a e t a l. ,

1 9 9 2 ; Y e o w e l l e t a l ., 1 9 9 2 ) , r a t A r m s t r o n g a n d L a s t ,

199.5) and c h i ck M yl l y l / i e t a l . , 1991) sour c es , and t he

c a t a ly t i c p r o p e r t ie s o f a r e c o m b i n a n t e n z y m e e x p r e s s e d

in i n s e c t c e ll s h a v e b e e n s h o w n t o b e v i r t u a l ly i d e n t i c a l

t o t h o s e o f a n e n z y m e i s o l a te d f r o m v e r t e b r a t e t is s u e s

A r m s t r o n g a n d L a s t , 1 99 .5 ; K r o l e t a l ., 1 9 9 6 ; P i r s k a n e n

e t a l ., 1 9 9 6 ) . A n i s o e n z y m e t e r m e d l y sy l h y d r o x y l a s e

2 h a s v e r y r ec e n t ly b e e n c l o n e d f r o m h u m a n s o u r ce s

V a l t a v a a r a e t a l ., 1 9 9 7 ) . M a n y m u t a t i o n s i n t h e g e n e

f o r l y sy l h y d r o x y l a s e 1 h a v e b e e n c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n f a m i -

l ie s w i t h E h l e r s - D a n l o s s y n d r o m e ty p e V I H y l a n d e t a l .,

1 9 9 2 ; H a u t a l a e t a l . , 1 9 9 3 ; H a e t a l . , 1 9 9 4 ; P o u s i e t a l . ,

1 9 9 4 ; H e i k k i n e n e t a l ., 1 9 9 7 ) . P r o l y l 3 - h y d r o x y l a s e a n d

t h e t w o c o l l a g e n g l y c o s y l t r a n s f e r a s e s h a v e b e e n c h a r a c -

t e r i z e d i n t h e p a s t , b u t t h e s e e n z y m e s h a v e n o t y e t b e e n

c l o n e d , a n d e s s e n t i a l l y n o n e w d a t a a r e a v a i l a b l e o n

t h e i r p r o p e r t i e s .

I m p o r t a n t n e w i n f o r m a t i o n is a v a i l a b le o n m o l e c u l a r

r e c o g n i t i o n in p r o c o l l a g e n c h a i n a s s e m b l y , a s w i l l b e d i s -

M a t r i x B i o l o g y V o l . 1 6 / 1 9 9 7 / 9 8 , p p . 3 5 5 3 5 6

1998 by Gustav Fischer Verlag

c u s s e d i n t h e s e c o n d r e v i e w o f th i s s er ie s . N e w i n f o r m a -

t io n i s a l so a v a i l a b le o n H s p 4 7 , a c h a p e r o n e t h a t m a y b e

s p e c i f i c a l l y i n v o l v e d i n t h e a s s e m b l y a n d / o r s e c r e t i o n o f

co l l agen s , a s w i l l be r ev i ewed i n t he t h i r d a r t i c l e . Ne ver -

t h e l e s s , t h i s c h a p e r o n e d o e s n o t s e e m t o b e e s s e n t i a l a n d

m a y p o s s i b l y b e re p l a c e d b y o t h e r s , a s t h e a s s e m b l y o f

t r i p l e - he l i ca l p r o co l l a gen m ol ecu l es i n i nsec t ce l ls L a i n -

b e r g e t al ., 1 9 9 6 ; M y l l y h a r j u e t a l ., 1 9 9 7 ; T o m i t a e t a l .,

1 9 9 7 ) a n d y e a s t s V u o r e l a e t a l ., 1 9 9 7 ) d o e s n o t r e q u i r e

a n y r e c o m b i n a n t H s p 4 7 .

T he e x t r ac e l l u l a r ev en t s i n t he b i osy n t hes i s o f a f ib r i l

f o r m i n g c o l l a g e n i n c lu d e c l e a v a g e o f t h e N a n d C

p r o p e p t i d e s , s e l f - a s s e m b l y in t o f i b r i ls , a n d c r o s s - l i n k

f o r m a t i o n . T h e t w o l a s t r e v i e w s i n t h is s e r ie s d is c u s s th e

N a n d C p r o t e i n a s e s , a n d l y sy l o x i d a s e a n d c r o s s l i n k

f o r m a t i o n .

R e f e r e n c e s

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