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SPE
SPE7785
I NTHE
CONDIT
NECESSI OFRESPECTI NGESERVOI R
ONSI NLABORATORYI SPLACEMENTTUDES
by L. Cui ec,D. Longeron,andJ . ?acsi rszky,
I nsti tutFrancai sdu Petrol e
@Copyright1979.Societ yof Petrol eumEogineBrs
Thispaperwaspresentedat the MiddleE@ 011TechnicalConferencef theSociet yof petroleumEngineerseldIrrManama,Bahrain,25.2SMarch1979.Themateriala subjectto correct ion y theauthor.
Permlasionoc opyis restric tedo an abstractof not morethan300w ords.WriteSPE,S200NorthCentral.Exprassway,Dallaa,Texas752CUIUSA. Tele x730 SS9SPEOAL .
ABSTRACT
.
Predictionof the fieldbehaviorduringprimary
or secondaryrecoveryrequiresrepresentativeabora-
torymeasurements,
Insuringrepresentattvityf the rocksurface
propertiesand of the fluiddistributionis not possi-
ble,evenforpreservedsamples,
A procedurefor restoringoriginalrock surface
propertiesis presented,and resultsshowingthe in-
fluenceon oil recoveryof both themethodused for
establishinginitialwater saturationand the aectu-
rationlevela:tainedare diacuased.
INTRODUCTION
Choosingthe racoverymethodsbest suitedfor
productionfroma reservoirgoesvia laboratorytests
usingreservoir-rockamples.
Generaliy,the stateof coresampleabroughtto
the surfaceis not representativef theirstatein
situ.Even in takingprecautionsimmediatelyupon
arrivalat the surfaceso as to preventany effectof
the oxygenin the air or of evaporation,the corehas
un
while it is beingbroughtup to the surface,a de-
craasein temperaturecannotbe avoided,and press~re
maintenanceis lotstanoardpractice.Therefore,it
is,a priori-difficulto assertthatthe surface
stateof the so-calledpreaervedrrockas not been
altered.
In orderto solvethis importantproblema method
capableof clearingup thiquncertaintyhas beende-
velopedfor restoringthe originalsurfacestate.
Descr&tion of themethod
.
It consistsin comparingthe nettabilityof the
rockupon receptionand afterrestorationso as to
justifyeitherthe directuse of the samplesrecaived
or the applicationof a treatmantfor restoringthe
originalsurfacastate.A schematicdiagramof the
methodis givenin Figuze1.
3 firstconsistsin
he restorationprocedure
cleaningthe samplesso as to make themas waterwet
as possib~eby floodingcarefullychosensolven~s
Then the samplea
are dried&nd saturatedwith the
reservoirfluids(storageoil and synthaticbrine)
..
..
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38
ON TRE NECESSITYOF RESPECTINGRESERVOIRCONDII
so as to obtaina fluiddistributionas closeaa pos-
sibleto the one existingin situ.The rock-fluid
syateais then
Ilagedl:nderreservoirtemperatureand
pressursconditionsduringthe time ;equiredto set
up adsorptionequilibria.
The nettabilityof the samples,whetherupon
reception,after cleaningor after restoration,is
evaluatedby a teutbaaedon spontaneousand forced
displacementexperiments.
A few aspectsconcerningthe experimentalmethod$
are givenLn the appendix.
Two examplesof thismethodbeingappliedin the
caseof carbonatera:,ervoirs,s is frequentlyencoun.
teredin the Middleitast,are preie~ttid,hese exam-
ples are takenfroma stcdyc~veringsome fifteenre-
servoirshavinga varyingxatureand location.
Applicationexamples
l.Reservoira
...........
The rock fromthis reservoiris of dolomitictyp(
The sampleswere receivedimpregnatedand un-
prestwvedfromthe effectof theatmosphere.
.-
The resultsobtainedare givenin Table 1.
The porosityof the samplesis about10%,and
the intrinsicpermeabilityto brineis lessthan10
millidarcies,
Evaluationof nettabilityu~on recegtian
----------------------- -- ------------
The amountof oil spontaneouslyisplacedby
brine is smallor nil. On the otherhand,the amount
of brinespontaneouslyisplacedby oil is smallor
large,Thismaanethat in one case both nettability
indicashave low and comparablevalues,whereasin
the othertwo casesthe waternettabilityindexr is
nil and the oil nettabilityindexr. has a high v~lue,
Likewise,one of the sampleshas neutralnetta-
bility,whereasthe othertwo are preferentiallyil
wet, The mean nettabilityof the rockupon reception
is thus.reasonablyronouncedforoil.
Studyof cleaning
-----------------
Variousprocedureswere tested(seeappendix).
Severalof themwere.able to make the rock claarly
preferentiallyaterwet in the presenceof a refi-
ned oil. Indeed,whereasthe r
indexhus a value
relatively
close
to the max~mumvalue,the r.
indexhas a minimumvalueof zero.
Evaluationof nettabilityafter restoration
----------------------- ------------------
Samplesthat firsthad beencorrectlycleaned
were usedfor analyzingthe influenceof agingtime
in the presenceof reservoirfl-lidsn themodifica-
tionof surfaceproperties.
Despitesome degreeof dispersionamongthe re-
sults,the rockappearsto becomeof neutralnetta-
bilitywhetheraginglaatsfor severalhoursor seve-
~al thousandsof hours.This is illustratedin Figuri
2 wherethe variationin the differenceof thenetta-
bilityindiceeis shownas a functionof agingtime.
NS IN LABOIUiTORYISPLACEMENTSTUDIES SPE 778:
In the caseof thisrockand basedon the mean
nettabilityof the samplesupon receptionand after
restoration,e feelthat it is moreadvisableto use
restoredsamples.
2.Reservoirb (MiddleEast)
-----------
The rockfromthis reservoiris of the calcitic
type.
The sampleswere alsoreceivedimpregnatedut
unpreservedfromcontactwith the atmosphere.
The resulteare givenin Table2.
The porosityof the sampleswas closeto 20%,
and the intrinsicpermeabilityto brinewas appro-
ximately4 millidarcie8.
Evaluationof wettg.bilityu~onece~tion
---------------------.- -- ----------
This evaluationwas made for severalsamples.,
Spontaneousoil recoveryduringIfibibitionn brine
was v r y low,and the valueof the waternettability
indexwas thus closeto zero.OY.theotherhand spon-
taneousbrinsrecoveryby imbi$,itionn oil was v r y
high,and thaoil nettabilityfndexhad a maximum
valueof one in all cases.The conclusionwas thus
reachadthat the rockupon receptionhas a great
affinityfor oil.
Studyof cleaning
---------------
Severalcleaningprocedureswere carziedout.
They allmake the rock slightlywater
w t
althoughthe procedureusinga mixtureof solvants.
appearstobethe leastaffective.Tha waternetta-
bilityindexin all casesis sli~htlyhigherthan
the oil nettabilityindex.The affinityforwater
couldnot be increabedby applyinglongercleaning
proceduresand by ueingmore complexeolventmixtures.
The slightlyaffirmedcharacterof preferential
affinityof the cleanedroc:corwateris possiblydue
to the presenceof relativelyunhydrophilicr even
hydrophobicciteson the matrixeurface.This should
be comparedwith thehigh amountaof unextractable
organiccarbonin somepartaof thematrix(approxi-
mately1% weightof the extractedrock).
In any case,threeof,thefourprocedurescarried
out appearto have the same efficiencyand are capa-
ble of changingthe initialnettabilityto oil to a
slightdegreeof preferentialwaternettability.
Evaluatingwettahilityof reetoredsam~les
--------------------------------------
After restorationthe samplesbecomehighlyoil
wet,and thisoccursafteran agingtimeof several
hoursfor the rock-fluidsystemfromthe fieldunder
reservoirconditions(Figure3).
A comparisonof the resultsobtaineduponrecep-
tionand afterrestorationdoesrmt revealany great
differenceswith regardto the-affinityof the rock
for one or the otherfluid.In thiscaaeand for labo-
ratoryexperiments,the samplesreceivedcan be used
d$rectly,provi~edhatthe settingof fluidsis done
under appropriateconditions.
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T41NCERON. .T. PACSTRS7,KY
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-
,
- . - , - . - - -
The resultsthathavejustbeen describedare
finaldeplettonpressure,brinewaa injactedfromtha
onlytwo examplestakenfroma morethoroughinvea-
bottomof themodelat a constantrate,whichalso
ttgation4.This investigationill enableua to draw
was the same forall tests.Oil relativepermeability
ganaralconclusions.
beforaand aftardapletionand oil recoveryweremeasu-
red.The resultsare givenin Table5.
PROCEDURESFOR ESTABLISHINGINITIALWATERSATURATION
-
We noticedthatthe gasobtainedby depletion
Initialwatersaturation,Swi, is an important
remainstrappedduringthewaterflood.Figure5 shows
parameterin studyingoil displacementin porous
that a singlecurvecan be plottedforall oil residual
media.Generally,themeasuredvalueor the one
saturationvalues,Sor
, at the end of the waterflood
assuaedforthe reservotris respected.Bbt in most no matterwhatmethodwas usedforestablishinginitial
cagesthisvaluecannotbe attainetiy the direct
fluidsaturationandno matterwhat the valueof Swt
displacementof
watar
by reservoiroil.Thereforeindi-
was.
rectmethodsof settinginitialwatersaturationmust
be usedand comparedwithone anotherciccordingo
Thereforeit appearsthattheway usedforestabli-
the resultsobtainedin the displacementexperiments.
shinginitialwatersaturationhas no influenceon
recovery.
The samplechosenis a vugularcalciticresarvoir
rock.Itspropertiesare givenin Table3 (seevugu-
Figure6 showsthe oil relattvepermeabilityas a
lar limestonen 1).Oil propertiesare listedin
functionof S,i
beforeand afterdepletion.Before
Table4 (seereservoiroiln 1).The syntheticbrine
depletionit ~s reasonableto plota singlecurvebet-
contains230 g/1 of sodiumchloride.Accordingto
weenall the experimentalvaluesno matterwhatmethod
measurements,the initialwater saturationin the ra-
ts used for establishingirrftialatersaturation.
servoiris about10%.
Afterdepletionone valuais clearly outsideof the
curveconnectingthe pointsfor whichSwi is obtained
A diagramof ~he laboratoryequipmentis gtven
in Figure4. Betweentwo tests,the surfacestateof
by evaporationor displacementby reservoiroil.This
the samplewas restoredaccordingto the procedare point
is
forSwi set by
a
viscousoil displacement.
described?n the firstpartof the paper.
For thetimebeing,we cannotaccountforthis diffe-
rence.Thismay be the resultof a microscopicphase
Fourmethodsof establishinginitialwatersatu-
distributiondifferentfromwhat wouldhavebeenob-
rationwere used :
tainedby the evaporationmethod.In thiscase,how-
ever,oil relativepermeabilitybeforedepletionand
MethodI ts directdisplacementof waterby
oil racoveryafterwaterfloodingshou.
not be in
reservoiroil.At reservoirtemperature,oik.
agreementwiththoseforthe otheriasts.
andwaterviscosities
are very
similar,i.e.
respectively0.35and 0.40x 10-3Pas, Resi-
Theseresultsmust be confirmedand developed
dualwatersaturationis 42%,whichis a much
becausethe initialwaterplayssuchan importantrole
higharvaluethan the one in the reservoir.
in displacementshatthe validityof the technique
used to
establish it must be carefullycheckad.
Method11 is displacementGf water y high-
3
Unfortunatelyin the presentstateof knowledgeit is
viscosityrefinedoil (V = 35 x In- Pa.a)at not possibleto knowwhetherthemethodsusedin this
laboratorytemperature.The water saturation
studyproduce,on a microscopicscale,phasedistri-
obtainadis then21.5%. butionssimilarto thoseex%stingin the reservoir.
Initialwatersaturationsas low as thoseprevailing
Methods111and IV are quitesimilarand use in thisparticularreservoirmaybe achievedonlyby
evaporationby circulatingmethaneat reservotr
usingevaporationmethods.
temperature,hey enablelow valuesof Swito
be attainedin agreementwith thoeeas8umed
INFLUENCEOF THE VALUEOF Swi ON DIFFERENTRECOVERY
for tha consideredreservoir.In method111,
MSTHODS
the sampleis initiallysaturatedwithwater,
thensweptby gaaalternatelyin one directton
Influenceof S~,i------
n dts~lacementby water
and thenthe other.In methodIV the eampleis
-------------
----------------
initiallysaturatedwith gas,thensweptby
waterand thenby gaa as in the preceding
Besideethe investigationf themethodfor
mathod.For boththesemethodsthe saltconcen-
establibhinginitialwater,Figure5 showsthe effact
trationin the brineis chosenas a function
of s
levelon displacements.
or
waterfloodperfor-
of expectedevaporation.
med ~ teran identicaldepletion,Sor decreasesas
s
Wi increases,althoughlessquicklyat high valuas
Oncethe fluidsara in place;the sampleis left of Swithanat low ones.
to restforaging.Morecver,the tinwchosenwas much
longerthanthatrequiredto attainadsorptionequi-
libriumso thatthe phasedistributionwould-become
Thisresultsin e.maximumon thewater-injection
stabilized,especiallyaftermethods11, iII and IV
outputcurve,(Sol-Sor)/Sol~n whichSO1
h
the oil
which
are particularlydrastic, saturationat the end of depletion.
With theporous~ediumplacedin a vefiicalposi-
Influanceof Swian crittcalgas saturation
tion,a depletionwas firstperformedwiththe top.
faceopenand the bottomfacecloaad.Thisdepletion,
Cri,tical
as
saturation,S
dependson the
at the sameconstantrate for all the tests,was
gc
stoppedat the camepresaurclevel{191bars),This
propertiesand on phasedistribution,he natureand
oczuredalwaysbeforegaemobility(Fig.5). Than at
morphologyof the porousmediumand the rateof deple-
tion.The resultsdescribadherehaveto,dowiththe
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.
290
ON THE NECESSITYOF RESPECTINGRESERVOIRCONDITIONSIN LABORATORYDISPLACEMENTSTUDIES
SPE778----- .-- .
influenceof Swi on S
and are basedon researchdone
*lReservoirock Nettability.Its Significanceand
gc
by K. Medaoui6,
Evaluation,TransAIME, 1958,vol. 213, 155-160.
Two porousmediaware used,Fontainebleausands-
2.
Amott,Earl,lObservationsalatingto theWetta-
tone,an outcroprockmade up of pure silicawithan
bilityof PorousRock,1959,Trans.AIME,
intergranularorosity,and a vugularreservoirlimes-
VO1.216,156-162.
tone (limestone2). Theirpropartiasare givanin
3.
Cuiec,Louis,fStudyf ProblemsRelatedto the
Table3.
Restorationof theNaturalStateof CoreSamples,
Threaoilswere used,two purehydrocarbonmix-
J. of Can. Petr.Techn.,Ott-Dec.1977,vol.16,
turea(Cl -C4and C1-C&- Clo) and a reservoiroil
No. 4, 68-80.
(n2). Theirpropertiesare giv,.nin Table4.
4*
Cuiec,Louis,Longeron,Danieland Pacsirszky,
Joseph,
Etudexp6rimentalees d6placements
Depletionexperimentswere performedwith the
en conditio.lae r~.servolr,orld Petroleum.
apparatusahownin Figure4 and underthe same condi-
Congress(tobe presented),Bucharest,Sept.1979
tions.The depletionratewas high,approximately
0.5 b r/hour.The depletionrateis knownto influence 5.
S 6,70 S
Treiber,L.E.,Archer,DuaneL. and Owans,W.W,.,
Wi was establishedby methodsI an; III.
IA
aboratory
Evaluationof tha Wattabilityof
gc
FjftyOil-Producingeservoirs,SOC.Pet.Eng.
The results
are
givenin Table 6. For the diffe-
J
S
Dec. 1972,531-540~
rentoil-porousmediumsystems,Figure7 givesthe
variationof effectivecriticalgas saturationSt =
6.
Madaoui,Khaled,Conditionse mobilit6de la
sgc/(l-
Swi)as a functfonof Swi.
gc
phasegazeuselors,dela d6compreasionun
m61angedthydrocarburesn milieuporeux,Thesis
For thesedifferentsystemsS increaaesvery
Universityof Toulousa,Franca,OrderNo 4S0:
muchwith Swi.
This is all themoreg&identas the.oil
1975.
is closerto criticalconditions.This is the caee for
7* .Wit:K*>
f Solution.Gas-DriVen HeavYOil
mixtureC
1
- C4 forwhich an aaymptottcvaluehas been
Reservoirs,Symp.on HeavyCrudeRecovery,
Dbtainedfor Si
gc (seeFigure7).
Meraca tbo,uly 1974.
,,
APPENDIX
.
CONCLUSIONS
-
=m-&t~used to StUdYthe proceduref?:
1. Rock samples,suchas thoseordinarilyavai-
rastoringoriginalsurfacestateof rock samples
Lablein petroleumlaboratories,re oftenpreferen-
tiallyoilwet.This La in agreementwith the results
Sfzasof sam~les
---------------
~btainedby Tre%bcret a15.
The followingsamplesizeswere used :
2. In the greatmajorityof casascleaningcan
. diamater= 4 cm
make a rockpreferentiallywaterwet in
thepresenceof rafinedoil by maana~f carefully
length
= approximately6 cm
chosensolventa. Descriptionof wettabilit~test
----------------------------
3. In almostaSl cases,the adsorp~ionequili-
briumbetweanpreviouslycleanedrockand reservoir
The nettabilityof a samplewas evaluatedunder
fluidsis obtninedin severaltensof hoursunder
standardtemperatureand pressureconditions,by us%ng
raservoirconditions.
a pairof fluidsconstitutedby brineand rafinedoil
Soltrol130 (extremelypure iaoparaffinicil).For
4.Ina graatmany cases,differenceshave appea-
eachreservcir,syntheticbrinewas used.The ratio
red betweenthe meanwettabilitiesof samplesupon
of oil viscosityto waterviscositywas approximately
receptionand afterrestoration.
1.2.
5. In samplasof cleanedvugularlimestonerocks,
The test chosenwae derivedfromthe one proposed
the forceddisplacementtechniquecannotbe used to
by Amott2.
establishan initialwatersaturationchat is as low
as the connatewaterof such reservoirs.
Once the samplehad been saturatedwith oil and
brine,the latterat residuals~turation,the test
6. Evaporationmethod for eatabltshinginitial
consistedin auc eaaivelyperformingthe following
5water maturationappearsto give suitablerasults, fourexperiments :
provfdeda sufficientwaitingtime is allowadfor
phaseequilibrium.
.
imbibitionin brine,
.
displacementby brine,
7. The importanceof reachinga water saturation
. imbibitio~,n Soltroloil,
levelsimilarto thatof the reservoirf~ all the
. displacementby Soltroloil.
greaterae this eaturatiions low,as ehownby inves-
tigationson oil recaveryby waterfloodand the appea-
Imbibitionswere performedin Pyrzxglassequip-
ranceof a mqbilegas phaseduringdepletion.
..
ment at 20C.They were pursueduntila sufficiently
REFERENCES
stablefluidrecoverywas obtained,.reaultingn expe-
.
rimentaltimesrangingfrom severaldays.toseveral
1.
Bobak,J.E.,
weeks.
Matt~x,C.C. and Denekas,M.O.,
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:PE ;785
L.
CtlIEC,. LONGI
Displacementwere performed,,,inassler-typecore
holder,operatingat a constantpressuregradient.The
swaptvolumesof the two displacementincludedin the
presenttestwere of about10 pore volumes.
The waternettabilityindexrwwas evaluatedso
that :
_ amountof oil dfsplacedby brineby imbibition
r
w
amountof oil displacedby IAneby imbibition
and displacement
andan oil nettabilityindexr. :
r=
amountof brinedisplacedby oilby,imbibition
o
amountof brinedisplacedby oil
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d
uponaccpton
TAB L S 1
. s WL U ATI D N
OF TSS HBT2AB
SAW
D16PMC-By
mm
60LTROLIL
I
t-=---
1
5
6
.*
.*
.*
LTTVOF TNS RESERVOIR - RWK UPLtl RSC8PTION, AFTER CLSANRiG,
M2 ER R S S ZOS A TIO N.
WSTT ABILITY
TEST
0
I
34.5
I
I
.40.5
I
o
.
non wailcblo
b) After clmnina
Clemimp procgdura($CCAppendix)
4
meqwncaof
no n
Folar-aolvant*
62.5
12;5
0.s 49.5
0
13.5
5 m2xtur* of nolvmts 51,5
3
12 36,5
1
2
21
,, ,,
?6
1.4.5 o 61.5
0
1
16.5
basic.typeolvants 83
13 2 6a
o
6
18
acid.typasolvants
S1.5 o 50 31.5
22
30
.
C After r9 tWrati0n
BY OIL I -ABIL32Y 2NMCSS
.
0.27
0.15
0
0.44
0
1
63
0.96
0
58.5 0.2 0,05
7s
1 0
86 0,87
0
83.5
0
0.42
4
5
5
4
3
2
1
3
1,5
10
67
6a
163
331
1150
3264
87
60.5
57.5
$?
75
7s
78
(91)
o
1.5
2.5
5
2
7
6.5
s
26.5
14
14.5
32
42.5
37.5
16
29
4,5
1
0.5
11,5
14
2
10
1
23
12.5
18
29
21,5
23
11.5
9
TABL22 . SVALLIATIDNF TN 3 JB TTA B3L ITY O F TES R S S S R V0 2S
b -
R WK WO N R E CE P TI ON ; A P 2E & C L MN I NG , AF 1S R RESTORATION.
a)
uDOnaaanton
o
0.16
0.097 , 0.07
0.15 0.03
0.13
O*2R
0.044
0.39
0.16 Ooctl
0.29
0.46
0.15 0.10
DISP2ACEFEfiT
NETTABILITY
E:
TS ST
EY SOLTROL03L
.-
ISOISITIUi XN BR33iE D3BFMC~ BY BRINE I~3BITIGN
DISPMCEP. .N2
B Y 0 2L
IN OIL
UsTMB2LX,lCM
s% OIL
ISP3ACSD Z w 03L DISP3ACED Ser %
Oi
BR~zE~. SR3NS OISPL . s,, 7. To
w ~ t ~ r
W
To oi l
99
w
e
1
-
2.5
61
.
42
0
-
0.04
1
2
.*
1.5 66
.
49
0 0.02 .- 1
3
-*
2 61.5
.
47 0
.
0,03
1
4
1.5
62
.
45
0
.
0.02
;
1
5
2
69.5
.
51.5
0
.
0.03
1
* non ava tl abl o
Af te r C I Wl il ls
- ~
CIUnsnS procadura (sac pmd2x)
I
4 mqucnca of
non-polar solvmm
86
6.5 49,5
30
0
57 ,5 88.5 0.12 0
1
lxtur* of
mlvmts 75 5.5
51 3s.5
2,25 56.5 77,25
0.1 0.04
5+
axturc
f olvmlts
87
6,5
3n
22.5
4 54.5
81 0.1 0.07
2
tmic.typaSolvmts
79.5 7
53.5 19
1
56,5 76.5
0,11 0.02
3
idc-ty9aSOI%QCG
77
9
43.5
24.5
1.5
50.5 76.5
0,17 0.03
r ataurmkn
5 4
.
70.5 1
2
72
74.5 1
4
186
87.5
0.5
3 427 70
0.5
I
1
I
643
I
75
I
1 .s
64.5 5 44.5
13 62.5
0.02 0.77
61.5 12 48.5
2,5 63
0.02
0.95
53 34 44.5
10.5 89 0.01
0.81
59.5 _ 10
31
26.5 67.5
0.01 0.54
58
15.5 33
ZR.5
77
0.02
0.54
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TABLE 3 .
CHARACTERISTICSOF ROCK SAMPLR~
.-
POROUSMEDIA
I
I
I
VugvlarLimestone nl
I
40
I
4.6
I
39
I
25.3
1 t I
---- ----- ---
FontainebleauSandstone
I
40
I
4,6
I
340
I
12.7
- 1 - i
. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - l - - - - - -
JugularLimestone n02
I 40 I 4 6 154126 2
FLUIDS
ReservoirOilnl
T = 93C
,- -- - - -- - .
ReeervoirOiln2
T = f35C
.----- ----
ixturecl-c4-cli
T =85C
,- -- -- - - - .
titurecl-c4
T = 71C
TABLE 4
.
PROPERTIESOF FLUIDS
I
UBBLEPOINT VOLUME
FACTOR
PRESSUREPb
at Pb
T
1
----------
141.0
1.316
139,2
1.870
113.9
l=
DISSOLVED
SAS
ae Pb
200.0
-----
91.2
200,0
e.-- - -
00
VISCOSITY
at Pb
10-3Pa.s
0.35
-- - - --
0.55
0.15
0.046
NTERFAC14
TENSION
(UNh)
4.0
-----
6.40
-----
1.21
-----
0.12
.
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TMLB 5
DE &TICtl... HATECW~DINC
Vugulax Limestone
n 1
ReservoirOil n 1
RUN n
1
2
3 4
5 6
RlIT3AL
s%
Wi
42.0
21.5
16.9 10.3 9.9
4.6
C~ITIONS
Methodof
~stablishingSvt I II III
N III 111
P - 216
bars
Soi %
58.0
78.5
S3.1 89.7
90.1 95.4
k
ro
0.31
0.61
0.64 0.75 0.80 0.83
mm
Swi z
42.0
21.5
16.9 10.3 9.9
4.6
sol %
51,2
69.7
73.4 79.3 79.7
84.5
DEPLETION
s%
gl
6,8
8.S 9.7
lo.k 10.4 10.9
AT 191 bars
S;l. s fs
@ 01
11.7
11.2
11.7 11.6
11.5
11.4
k
ro
0.16
0.24
0,16 0.16 0.18
0.22
...-.
AFTER
s%
35..
or
41.6
42*9
46.6 47.6 55.7
s%
6.8
8.8 9.7
@
10.4 10.4 10.9
PLQOD
Sw z 5S.2 49,6 47.4 43.0
42.0 33.4
(sol-sor)/sol
0.316 0.403
0.416 0.412 0.403 0.341
-
TABLE6
EFFEq OF SWi ~ S
go
POROUSMEDIA
FLUID
Swi (7W)
3dlTIiODF
S5C
p,t
EST:BLISH3NG
~%~,
s
Wi
?ONTALNEBLSAU
remrvoir
32.5
I
18.0
26.7
oil
II*2
SANDSTCWE
i6.5
III
14.0
16.8
0
11.0
k=340m&
11.0
------ -- .-----
------ ..----- ------
= :2.7%
c1 - C4 - Clo
42,3
I
15.7
27.2
24.5 III
9.0 11.9
9.0
111
6,8 7.5
0
-
4.4 4.4
------ -- .-----
------- ..----- ------
c1 - C4
54.3
I
18.3
40.0
34.7
111
26.4 40.5
0
la.0
18.0
WGDIAR
C1-C4-C10
72.3 I
.-..-.
11.7
42.2
LIlD3ST~E s*2
46.9
111
17.1
32.2
k = 154md
31.1
III
15.0
21,8
6 = 26,2%
o
.
8.6 8.6
-
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.
I
SAWPLSSUFON
MCEFTION
I
CUANING
I
n
OMPARISON OF TKE
RSSULTS ANO
RSCOMtCENDATIONS
Saturation WITH
RSSERVOIR FLUIDS
AND AGING UNJ)ER
RSSERVOIR CONDITIONS
I /
WSTTABILITY
EVALUATION
FI G, 1- METHOD FOR OBTAINI NG
RESERVOIR
ROCK SAM PLES WI TH SURFACE PROPER-
TI ES AS REPRESENTATI VE AS POSSI BLE,
, -0.5
6
.1
-1~------
1
1
1
10
{OE
I
h
10
Aging time, in haure
FIG 2 NETTABI LI TY VARIATI ON VERSUS ROCK- FLUID AGI NG
; I ME, UNDER RESERVOI R CONDI TIONS FOR
RESERVOI R A,
(rw-ro) +1 a
g
~
+o.5-
1
Aver age for c leaned samples
SE 2
~
1
~
\
\
1-0.5-
\
-
-~
*
.=
0
-
-1-
-.,--- ---
..
1 I
h
..
1
10
102
103
Aging time, in kre
;~:LR:o;R~k:TABI LITY VARIATION VERSUS ROCK-FLUID AG1 NG TIME, UNDER RESERVOIR COilDITIONS FOR
-
8/11/2019 1art (1).PDF
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t-
.. . .. .. . -. -. ..
-.. . -- -- - - -.
x
I I -.
-- --.
-- -. .
L- - L- . ..
.i
Il l
.
~
~1
I
,
14
I
i
.
.
..-.- ..._
---------------- -1
I
--- -
-----_-L -----
I
1
2-3
4
5.6
7
t
Co n h of hr
and
porousmw7um
9-10 Ab olute
OSWIV t fM7SdUCOf
c el l om@o of f lu lW8 11 Wi t h d t uw l w t cw ot ic pump
D i8pbc *mont pump
12 Wet t .etg os mo t or
Sm?k
prow uro rq?ut i t ar WIW 13 Therm is t or
60 s. l i ~t d seporotw M
Sm on fi ol r ec or ~o r
P f fo r ent i o l p r e8su tv t r ansdmr
15
4 ir t em p8mt um i h
F]s,4- SCHEMATIC DI AGRAM OF THE APPARATUS FOR DISPL EMENT STUDI ES t
Sor
0102
1
1 1
Initi al water Sotumti on , S wi%
om -
0. 40
0.30-
0. 20
a
o.1o-
0 *
1
0 10
1
I
A
Mettmh for n.
_hin ~.
r
A
s
I
After Depletion
?
A=
Initial Water Saturation %
P FIG, 6- OI L RELATI VE PERMEABI LITY VERSUS Sw ~
. .
-
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4{
.-
J
1 T
I
=-F
10 20
m
,
1 1
~ Fontoinebteou %
cl. C,. c,o
/ po
$
one:
~ Fontoinebleou
Sondetone:
Reeer tai r Oi l nc2
o~ Limeetone n*2
c, - c4. c~o
~m
~nttoi nebl eouondetone:
L
(+,
I
I
,
)40s0s07080
Swi (% W )
FIG, 7 - EFFECT OF SW ON sGet