1. Hormones & Glands

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How tall are you going to get?How does your body stay warm?

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Why does a boy’s voice change when he is 12 or 13?

All these activities are controlled by organs called glands

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Vocabulary:

glands

Organs that make special chemicals, or hormones, in the body

Your glands keep many body functions running smoothly

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Glands make special chemicals that bring messages to every part of your

body

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These chemical messengers are called hormones

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Vocabulary:

hormones

Special chemicals made by glands in the body

Glands put hormones into the blood

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Then the blood carries hormones to the parts of the body where they work

The pituitary gland makes a hormone that is carried by the blood to the bones

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Vocabulary:

Pituitary gland

The gland that makes special chemicals for the bones

This hormone makes the long bones of the skeleton grow

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It helps you reach your adult size

The thyroid gland controls how fast you use food and change it into energy

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Vocabulary:

Thyroid gland

The gland that makes special chemicals that controls how fast food

changes to energy

With too much of this hormone, the heart speeds up and the body

temperature goes up

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The person may be nervous and lose weight

Other glands make sex hormones

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Vocabulary:

Sex hormones

Chemicals that control the development of male and female

characteristics

In girls, the sex glands are the ovaries

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Vocabulary:

ovaries

The female sex organ that store the eggs for fertilization

The chemical, estrogen, released by the ovaries make breasts develop and hips

widen

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Estrogen causes the girl to have a growth spurt at the onset of puberty

and begin to develop pubic, leg, and underarm hair

Ovaries also produce some of the male hormone, testosterone

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Testosterone helps develop muscle mass as well as help bones density

Females produce 1/10th the amount of testosterone as males do

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In boys, the sex glands are the testes

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Vocabulary:

testes

The male sex organ that produces hormones and sex cells

The male hormone is known as testosterone

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It makes the voice deepen and body hair grow under the arms and in the

pubic region

In girls, puberty happens between 9 and 16 years of age

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Vocabulary:

puberty

The stage between childhood and adulthood when sex characteristics

develop

In boys, puberty occurs between 12 and 18

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This can be a very stressful time in life with many embarrassing moments

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