1. Hormones & Glands
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How tall are you going to get?How does your body stay warm?
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Why does a boy’s voice change when he is 12 or 13?
All these activities are controlled by organs called glands
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Vocabulary:
glands
Organs that make special chemicals, or hormones, in the body
Your glands keep many body functions running smoothly
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Glands make special chemicals that bring messages to every part of your
body
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These chemical messengers are called hormones
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Vocabulary:
hormones
Special chemicals made by glands in the body
Glands put hormones into the blood
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Then the blood carries hormones to the parts of the body where they work
The pituitary gland makes a hormone that is carried by the blood to the bones
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Vocabulary:
Pituitary gland
The gland that makes special chemicals for the bones
This hormone makes the long bones of the skeleton grow
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It helps you reach your adult size
The thyroid gland controls how fast you use food and change it into energy
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Vocabulary:
Thyroid gland
The gland that makes special chemicals that controls how fast food
changes to energy
With too much of this hormone, the heart speeds up and the body
temperature goes up
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The person may be nervous and lose weight
Other glands make sex hormones
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Vocabulary:
Sex hormones
Chemicals that control the development of male and female
characteristics
In girls, the sex glands are the ovaries
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Vocabulary:
ovaries
The female sex organ that store the eggs for fertilization
The chemical, estrogen, released by the ovaries make breasts develop and hips
widen
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Estrogen causes the girl to have a growth spurt at the onset of puberty
and begin to develop pubic, leg, and underarm hair
Ovaries also produce some of the male hormone, testosterone
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Testosterone helps develop muscle mass as well as help bones density
Females produce 1/10th the amount of testosterone as males do
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In boys, the sex glands are the testes
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Vocabulary:
testes
The male sex organ that produces hormones and sex cells
The male hormone is known as testosterone
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It makes the voice deepen and body hair grow under the arms and in the
pubic region
In girls, puberty happens between 9 and 16 years of age
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Vocabulary:
puberty
The stage between childhood and adulthood when sex characteristics
develop
In boys, puberty occurs between 12 and 18
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This can be a very stressful time in life with many embarrassing moments
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