Chapter 1 MotivationChapter 1 Motivation

What Do I Want from College?What Do I Want from College?

Exercise:Exercise:What Do I Want fromWhat Do I Want fromCollege? College? Share your most important Share your most important reason with the class. reason with the class.

Value of a College EducationValue of a College Education

Lifetime IncomeLifetime Income

HIGH SCHOOL $883,440HIGH SCHOOL $883,440 SOME COLLEGE $942,630SOME COLLEGE $942,630 ASSOCIATE $1,139,700ASSOCIATE $1,139,700 BACHELORS $1,640,670BACHELORS $1,640,670 MASTERS $2,036, 940MASTERS $2,036, 940 PROFESSIONAL $3,570,270PROFESSIONAL $3,570,270

Yearly IncomeYearly Income

HIGH SCHOOL HIGH SCHOOL $29,448 $29,448 SOME COLLEGESOME COLLEGE $31,421 $31,421 ASSOCIATE ASSOCIATE $37,990 $37,990 BACHELORSBACHELORS $54, 689 $54, 689 MASTERSMASTERS $67,898 $67,898 PROFESSIONAL PROFESSIONAL $119,009$119,009

What is the Value of a College What is the Value of a College Degree?Degree?

$1,640,670 College Graduate $ 883,440 High School Graduate $757,230 Value of College Degree

College graduates College graduates makemake

almost almost twice as much twice as much as as high school graduates high school graduates

over a lifetime.over a lifetime.

How Much is Each College How Much is Each College Class Worth?Class Worth?

$18, 931 per 3 unit class$18, 931 per 3 unit class($757,230 divided by 40 ($757,230 divided by 40 classes for a BA or BS)classes for a BA or BS)

What is one hour of a college What is one hour of a college class worth?class worth?

$394 per hour in class $394 per hour in class ($18,931 divided by 48 hours ($18,931 divided by 48 hours in class)in class)

Would you attend class today Would you attend class today be be prepared if I were to pay be be prepared if I were to pay you $394?you $394?

Of course, these payments Of course, these payments are over a working lifetime of are over a working lifetime of 30 years.30 years.

How do you motivate How do you motivate yourself?yourself? What if you don’t feel like coming to What if you don’t feel like coming to

class or doing your homework. How do class or doing your homework. How do you motivate yourself to do it anyway?you motivate yourself to do it anyway?

ThinkThink Discuss with the person next to Discuss with the person next to

youyou Share ideasShare ideas

Choosing a MajorChoosing a Major

3 out of 4 students are undecided about 3 out of 4 students are undecided about their majorstheir majors

30-70 % of a class changes majors 2 or 30-70 % of a class changes majors 2 or more timesmore times

There are many ways to be There are many ways to be motivated. Let’s see if any motivated. Let’s see if any are useful to you.are useful to you. Improve your concentrationImprove your concentration

Manage your external environmentManage your external environment Intrinsic or extrinsic motivationIntrinsic or extrinsic motivation Locus of controlLocus of control Achievement motivationAchievement motivation Learning principlesLearning principles

Concentration and motivation Concentration and motivation are connectedare connected

If you can focus on what you are doing, If you can focus on what you are doing, you are motivated to continue.you are motivated to continue.

Ways to Improve Your Ways to Improve Your ConcentrationConcentration

Manage Your External EnvironmentManage Your External Environment

Minimize DistractionsMinimize Distractions

If you study in the kitchen, you will be If you study in the kitchen, you will be distracted by fooddistracted by food

If you study in front of the TV, you will If you study in front of the TV, you will be tempted to watch itbe tempted to watch it

If you study in bed, it will be difficult to If you study in bed, it will be difficult to say awakesay awake

Be Here NowBe Here Now

Choose where you will place your Choose where you will place your attention attention

When your mind wanders, gently bring it When your mind wanders, gently bring it back. Forcing attention does not work. back. Forcing attention does not work.

The Spider TechniqueThe Spider Technique

Learn to ignore distractions and keep Learn to ignore distractions and keep your attention focusedyour attention focused

Set up a Worry TimeSet up a Worry Time

Set a time each daySet a time each day When worries distract you, remind When worries distract you, remind

yourself of the time set aside to worryyourself of the time set aside to worry Be here nowBe here now Keep your worry appointmentKeep your worry appointment Find solutionsFind solutions

Increase Your ActivityIncrease Your Activity

Take a breakTake a break StretchStretch MoveMove Read and listen activelyRead and listen actively

Change TopicsChange Topics

You may need to study for a short You may need to study for a short period of time and change subjectsperiod of time and change subjects

Intrinsic Vs. Extrinsic Intrinsic Vs. Extrinsic MotivationMotivation

Intrinsic MotivationIntrinsic Motivation

Comes from within yourselfComes from within yourself

Extrinsic MotivationExtrinsic Motivation

Comes from outside yourselfComes from outside yourself

Which is the more powerful Which is the more powerful motivator?motivator? Intrinsic or extrinsic motivation?Intrinsic or extrinsic motivation?

Intrinsic motivation is the most Intrinsic motivation is the most powerfulpowerful

Locus of ControlLocus of Control

Where you place responsibility for Where you place responsibility for control over your lifecontrol over your life InternalInternal ExternalExternal

Internal Locus of ControlInternal Locus of Control

Believe they are in control of their livesBelieve they are in control of their lives Self-motivatedSelf-motivated Learn from mistakesLearn from mistakes Think positivelyThink positively

External Locus of ControlExternal Locus of Control

Others control their livesOthers control their lives Life is a result of luck or fateLife is a result of luck or fate Rely on external motivationRely on external motivation Look for someone to blameLook for someone to blame Think negativelyThink negatively Victims of circumstanceVictims of circumstance

What is more likely to lead to What is more likely to lead to achievement in college?achievement in college?

Internal Locus of Control?Internal Locus of Control? External Locus of Control?External Locus of Control?

Internal locus of control is Internal locus of control is most likely to lead to success most likely to lead to success in college.in college.

More Types of MotivationMore Types of Motivation

Affiliation MotivationAffiliation Motivation

How can you use affiliation How can you use affiliation motivation to be successful in motivation to be successful in college?college?

Affiliation MotivationAffiliation Motivation

Study GroupsStudy Groups FriendsFriends AthleticsAthletics ClubsClubs ActivitiesActivities

Achievement MotivationAchievement Motivation

Are you motivated by Are you motivated by achievement?achievement? Competition for gradesCompetition for grades Winning the gameWinning the game Earning moneyEarning money Recognition for achievementRecognition for achievement

Learning and MotivationLearning and Motivation

Psychologists believe that much of our Psychologists believe that much of our behavior is learnedbehavior is learned

Operant ConditioningOperant Conditioning

Behavior is increased or decreased Behavior is increased or decreased depending on the consequences of the depending on the consequences of the behaviorbehavior

Positive ReinforcementPositive Reinforcement

If the consequences of your behavior If the consequences of your behavior are positive, you are more likely to do it are positive, you are more likely to do it again. You have been positively again. You have been positively reinforced. reinforced.

Find a reward to increase Find a reward to increase desirable behavior.desirable behavior.

Good rewards:Good rewards:1. Do not involve alcohol or 1. Do not involve alcohol or drugsdrugs2. Do not have too many 2. Do not have too many caloriescalories3. Do not cost too much 3. Do not cost too much moneymoney

What are some good rewards What are some good rewards for studying?for studying?

Success is a Success is a

HABITHABIT

Success is a HabitSuccess is a Habit

We establish habits by taking small We establish habits by taking small actions each dayactions each day

You can establish habits for successYou can establish habits for success

Exercise:Exercise:

I am successful when I:I am successful when I:

Exercise:Exercise:

I am successful when I:I am successful when I:

Behaviors which interfere with Behaviors which interfere with my success:my success:

A PRACTICAL A PRACTICAL EXAMPLEEXAMPLE

Step 1. Step 1.

State the problem.State the problem.

I have a chocolate chip cookie eating habit

Step 2Step 2

Choose one small Choose one small behavior at a timebehavior at a time

Make it smallMake it small

Changing one small behavior Changing one small behavior is like making a ripple on a is like making a ripple on a lakelake

Change one small behavior Change one small behavior and you can change your life.and you can change your life.

I will eat a healthy snack. I will eat a healthy snack.

NOTNOTI will lose weightI will lose weightororI will never eat cookiesI will never eat cookies

Step 3:Step 3:

State in a positive way the State in a positive way the behavior you wish to behavior you wish to accomplishaccomplish

EXAMPLEEXAMPLE

I will eat a healthy snack I will eat a healthy snack instead of eating cookies.instead of eating cookies.

Write an intention statementWrite an intention statement

I intend to eat a healthysnack.

Step 4Step 4

Count the behaviorCount the behavior

How many cookies do IEat each day?

Step 5:Step 5:Picture in your mind the Picture in your mind the actions you will take. actions you will take. Visualize your success. Visualize your success.

Step 6Step 6

PracticePractice10 daysKeep a Log

Step 7Step 7

Find a reward for Find a reward for your behavioryour behavior

Step 6: What reward will you Step 6: What reward will you use?use?

The first 3 times are the most The first 3 times are the most difficultdifficult

Practice 10 times to Practice 10 times to make a new habitmake a new habit

However it only takes 3 times However it only takes 3 times to start a bad habit!to start a bad habit!

What if I fail?What if I fail?

Positive thinking is a key to Positive thinking is a key to successsuccess

Try Again

10 Habits of Successful College Students10 Habits of Successful College Students

Attend class.Attend class. Read the textbook.Read the textbook. Have an educational plan.Have an educational plan. Use college services.Use college services. Get to know the faculty.Get to know the faculty.

10 Habits of Successful College Students10 Habits of Successful College Students

Limit outside employment to 20 hours a Limit outside employment to 20 hours a week for a full time student.week for a full time student.

Take one step at a time.Take one step at a time. Have a goal for the future.Have a goal for the future. Visualize your success.Visualize your success. Ask questions. Ask questions.

Keys to Success: PersistenceKeys to Success: Persistence

Persistence Will Get You Persistence Will Get You Almost Anything EventuallyAlmost Anything Eventually

When is this true?When is this true? When is it When is it notnot true? true?

90% of success is showing 90% of success is showing up!up!

Make a commitment Make a commitment to reach your dreamsto reach your dreams

Getting a college degree can Getting a college degree can be like climbing Mt. Everestbe like climbing Mt. Everest

How to Climb Mt. EverestHow to Climb Mt. Everest

A small step at a timeA small step at a time

Master college one step at a Master college one step at a timetime

Get started.Get started. Attend the first class.Attend the first class. Read the first chapter.Read the first chapter. Start a new study habit.Start a new study habit.