motivation theories[1]

8/10/2019 Motivation Theories[1]

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Motivation


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DEFINITIONThe term MOTIVATION has its originfrom the Latin word movers,

which means to moveMotivation can !e de"ned as the#rocess that acco$nt for an

individ$a%s intensit&, direction and#ersistence of e'ort towardsattaining a goa%


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MEANING OF

OTIVATION

MOTIVATION IS SET OF FORCE THAT

CAUSE PEOPLE TO BEHAVE IN CERTAIN

WAY .

MOTIVATOIN IS GOAL DIRECTED.

MOTIVATION COUPLED WITH ABILITY

LEADS TO PERFORMANCE.


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MotivationPsychological processes that arouse, direct,

and maintain behavior toward attaining a goal


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Motivation

Needs

& ExpectationsBehaviour / Action

Desired

Goals

Fulfilment

Motivation is the driving force to achieve a goal / fulfil a need


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Types of motivationExtrinsic tangible rewards (eg salary,

benefits, security, contracts etc) largely

outside of managers direct control Intrinsic psychological rewards (eg

being appreciated, doing challenging

wor, positive recognition, using onesability etc ) can be heavily influenced

by managers behaviour and actions


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Motivational factors

Monetary factors !on"Monetary factors

Salaries and wages

Bonus

Incentives

Special individualincentives

Status or job title

Appreciation &

recognition

Delegation of

authorityWorking conditions

ob security


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Theories of MotivationContent Theories

Maslow

#$% &er'berg

Mclelland

rocess Theories

#pectancy theories* (+room, Porter

-awler)

#.uity heory* (0dams)

%oal heory* (-oce)


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Content Theories aslows

Hierarchy of Needs Theory


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Content TheoriesAlderfers

ERG Theory

Growth

!ela

ted

ness

E)iste

nc

e

%rowth, advancement, creativity

1elf"respect, prestige, status

0ffection, belonging, love

1ecurity, stability, protection

2ood, water, sleep


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Content TheoriesMcGregors

Theory and Theory !Theor" #

* #mployees dislie wor andwhenever possible will avoid it

* 1ince they dislie wor they mustbe coerced, controlled, orthreatened with punishment toachieve goals

* #mployees will avoidresponsibilities and see formaldirection when possible

* Most worers place security aboveother things associated with worand will display little ambition

Theor" $

* #mployees can view wor asbeing as natural as rest or play

* People will eercise self"direction and self"control if theyare committed to the ob3ectives

* he average person can learn toaccept, even see responsibility

* 0bility to mae innovativedecisions is widely dispersedthroughout the population andnot necessarily seen only inthose in management


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Content TheoriesMcGregors

Theory and Theory !

&igher 4rder !eeds

-ower

4rder

!eeds

heory 5

heory 6


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Content Theories cClellands

Ac"#ired Needs Theory!eed for 0chievement (n0ch)

* !eed for ecellence, competition, challenging goals,persistence, overcoming difficulties

!eed for Power (nPower)

* !eed for maing an impact on or influencing others,changing people or events, maing a difference in life

!eed for 0ffiliation (n0ff)* !eed for establishing and maintaining warm, close,

and intimate relationships


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Content TheoriesHer$%ergs

Two&'actor Theory

Hygiene FactorsNo JobDissatisfaction JobDissatisfaction

MotivatorsJobSatisfaction No JobSatisfaction


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&er'berg7s 7hygiene7 needs (or maintenance

factors) in the worplace are8

policy relationship with supervisor

wor conditions

salary company car

status

security

relationship with subordinates

personal life


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&er'berg7s motivators

achievement

recognition

wor itself

responsibility advancement


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()M)*AR)T! +ET,EEN MA(*-,( NEE. H)ERARCH!()M)*AR)T! +ET,EEN MA(*-,( NEE. H)ERARCH!

AN. HER/+ERG( T,-&'ACT-R THE-R!AN. HER/+ERG( T,-&'ACT-R THE-R!

-49#$"4$:#$ !##:1(;) P&51

(A) =#-4!%


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()M)*AR)T! +ET,EEN MA(*-,( NEE.()M)*AR)T! +ET,EEN MA(*-,( NEE.

H)ERARCH! AN. HER/+ERG( T,-&'ACT-RH)ERARCH! AN. HER/+ERG( T,-&'ACT-R

THE-R!THE-R!

&

1#-2"0@0-


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0rocess Theories1rooms

E2pectancy Theory

Effort Performance Rewards

Expectancy Instrumentality ValenceMotivation =x

x


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0rocess TheoriesAdams

E"#ity Theory

My outcomes Others outcomes

My inputs Others inputs





!

"

#

Equity

Inequityun!er"re#ar!$

Inequityover"

re#ar!$

Equity Sensitives

Benevolents

Entitleds


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%oal theory (-oce)

=ased on the premise that people%s oals

or intentions pla" an important part in

determinin 'ehaviour(#ffort isregulated by theperceived difficultyof

the goal and the individuals

commitment>

motivation theories[1]

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