1.pdf · r barbucci , integrated biomaterials science, kluwer academic publishers, new york, 2002 g...
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http://www.iitg.ernet.in/kanagaraj
31-12-2010
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� Studies on nonviable materials used in a medical device intended to interact with biological systems where the materials are expected to perform with an appropriate host response in a specific application response in a specific application
� It is expected to give good exposure pertaining to the field of biomaterials and have broad understanding biomaterials research.
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Biologist
EngineerPhysician
Biomaterials
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���������� �� Introduction
� Classes of materials used in medicine: � metals, polymers, FRPs, fabrics, nanocomposites, bioresorbable and bioerodable
materials, ceramics, glasses
� Host reactions to biomaterials: � biocompatibility, implant associated infection
� Testing of biomaterials:� Testing of biomaterials:� in vitro assessment, in vivo assessment, blood materials interactions
� Design of materials for biomedical application: � Cardiovascular, dental implants, orthopedic application, skin, ophthalmologic
applications, wound healing, sutures, biomedical and biosensors
� Implantation techniques for soft tissue and hard tissue replacements
� Problems and possible solutions in implant fixation
� Failure analysis of medical devices and implants.
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� Buddy D. Ratner, Allan S. Hoffman, Frederick J. Schoen, Jack E. Lemons. Biomaterials Science: An Introduction to Materials in Medicine, Academic Press, 2004, USA
� J.B. Park and J.D. Bronzino. Biomaterials: Principles and Applications. CRC Press. 2002. ISBN: 0849314917
� Reference Books� T. M. Wright, and S. B. Goodman. Implant Wear in Total Joint Replacement: Clinical and Biologic
Issues, Material and Design Considerations. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2001.Issues, Material and Design Considerations. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2001.� T.S. Hin (Ed.) Engineering Materials for Biomedical Applications. World Scientific. 2004. ISBN
981-256-061-0� B. Rolando (Ed.) Integrated Biomaterials Science. Springer. 2002. ISBN: 0-306-46678-3� D.Shi, Introduction to Biomaterials, Tsinghua University press, 2005� DL. Wise, DJ. Trantolo, K Lewandrowski, JD. Gresser, M Cattaneo, MJ Yaszemski, Biomaterials
Engineering and Devices , Humana Press, New Jercy, 2000 � JY Wong and JD Bronzion, Biomaterials, CRC press, 2007� R Barbucci , Integrated Biomaterials Science, Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York, 2002� G S Sawhney, Fundamentals of Biomedical Engineering, New Age International private Limited,
New Delhi, 2007
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� Attendance – 5%� Mini project – 15%� Mid semester- 30%
End semester-50%� End semester-50%
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� To select a material for a given use based on considerations of cost and performance.
� To understand the limits of materials and the change of their properties with use. change of their properties with use.
� To be able to create a new material that will have desirable properties.
� To be able to use the material for different application.
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����" ������ �������#����������������� ��$�%USA market for biomaterials (2000) $ 9000 million
Cardiovascular devices (2002) $ 6000 million
Orthopedic musculoskeletal surgery $ 4700 million
Wound care $ 3700 million
In vitro diagnosis $ 10 000 million
Number of devices
Intraocular lenses (2003) 2, 500, 000
Contact lenses (2000) 30, 000, 000
Vascular grafts 300,000
Heart valves 100,000
Pacemakers 400,000
Breast prosthesis 250, 000
Catheters 200, 000, 000
Heat-lungs 300, 000
Hip prosthesis (2002) 250, 000
Knee prosthesis (2002) 250, 000
Dental prosthesis (2000) 910, 000
Global figures are 2-3 times the USA number
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��� �������� ��� ��� SWCNT
MWCNT
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Ramakrishna et al. (2001), Composite Science and Technology, 61, 1189
Various applications of different polymer composite biomaterials
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Shoulder joints
Spine disc
Elbow
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Hip jointsKnee joints
Finger joints
Ankle
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Factors Description
Chemical/Biological characteristics
Physical characteristics
Mechanical characteristics
1st level material properties
-chemical composition (bulk and surface)
-density -Young’s modulus, Poisson's ratio, Yield strength, Tensile strength, Compressive strength
2nd level material properties
-Adhesion -Surface topology(Texture and
Roughness)
-Hardness, Shear modulus, Shear strength, Flexural modulus, Flexural strength
Specific functional requirements (based on application)
-Biofunctionality, Bioinert, Bioactive, Biostability, Biodegradation behaviour
-Form (solid, porous, coating, film, fibre, etc)-Geometry, Coefficient of thermal expansion-Electrical conductivity-Colour, aesthetics-Refractive index-Opacity
-Stiffness, Fracture toughness, Fatigue strength, Creep resistance, Friction and wear resistance, Adhesion strength, Impact strength, Proof stress, Abrasion resistance
Processing and Fabrication
-Reproducibility, quality, sterilizability, packaging, secondary processability
Characteristics of host
Tissue, Organ, species, age, sex, race, health condition, activity and systemic response
Medical or surgical procedure, period of applications and usage
Cost
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S.M. Kurtz. The UHMWPE Lexicon, School of Biomedical Engineering Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, and Exponent, Inc.,
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� 1997----170,280 THR� 1998----173,501 THR
----144,133 primary arthroplasties (5% increase over 1994)� No. of revisions --- 28,794 in 1997
--- 29,368 in 1998, --- 29,368 in 1998, � representing 17% of total hip replacements and a 7% increase from
the revisions reported in 1994.
� 4% of the patients were under the age of 40, � 6% of the revision patients were under 40, higher risk of revision for
the younger patients
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In-vivo studies of nanocomposites with Goat at University of Evora, Portugal
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Approximately 250,000 knee and 250,000 Hip replacements are done annually in USA, and it is expected to grow rapidly as the population ages. The orthopedics industry alone has been growing steadily at 10% annually
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AbioCor™ Implantable Replacement Heart
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skinBlood vessel
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Contact lens
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About 50,000 substitute heart valves are implanted annually in USA, and this number is also growing. The prosthetics industry exceeds $10B annually and is expected to grow rapidly in the next few decades
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Replacement Heart valve Dental implant
Metallic hip joint
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