(1)rizal's family

8/2/2019 (1)Rizal's Family

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Rizals Family


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The Mercados began in Manila but by the19th Century, they were firmly rooted inSouthern Tagalog

Rizals grandfather was a landowner ofBinan, three times the capitan municipal andwas addressed as gobernadorcillo.

Juan Mercado and his wife Cirila Alejandrahad 13 children, the 13th being Francisco,Rizals father, one of eight boys


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When Juan Mercado died, the siblings dividedthe estate among themselves, Franciscotransferred to Calamba and tried his luckwith the Dominican frontier

Francisco was eight when his father died, hismother and his eldest sister, Potenciana,looked after him, he studied in a Latin schoolin Binan and went to Manila to study atColegio de San Jose


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After schooling, Francisco moved to Calambato join his sister, Petrona who was making aliving selling dresses and dress materials.When his mother died, his sister Potenciana

joined themFrancisco applied for a land grant from the

Dominicans who were the landlords of theCalamba area; when he proved to be as goodas a producer as his father, he was rewardedwith further allotments of land


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When other pioneers died/discouraged fromtending to frontier lands, Francisco boughttheir holdings rather than letting theholdings become abandoned

Francisco married Teodora Alonso when hissister, Potenciana died; Francisco was 30,Alonso was 20. Alonso was not from Calambabut rather, from Manila


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Teodora Alonso had roots in severalprovinces:

Her great grandmother Regina Ursua was theToast of Cavite and the Sampaguita of theParian misture of Tagalog, Spanish andChinese

Atty. Manuel Facundo de Quintos fromPangasinan became her husband, settled inSan Pedro, Makati


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Their son Joaquin became a lawyer andactivist who was not afraid to denounce theinjustices of his day; His sister, Brigidamarried an engineer, Lorenzo Alberto Alonso

of Binan.Alonsos were as prominent in Binan as the

Mercados and much wealthier; LorenzoAlberto becamse a municipal captain as washis father


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Alonsos were aristocrats: Captain Municipal Cipriano Alonso Philippine deupty in the Spanish Cortes Don Jose

Florentino

Knight of the Grand Order of Isabel la Catolica andKnight of the Order of Carlos III, engineer JoseAlberto

Other prominent kin included Father Almeida of theSanta Cruz parish and Father Agustin Mendez(deported because of Cavite Mutiny)


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Lorenzo Alberto and Brigida had fivechildren: three boys and two girls

Teodora Alonso was baptized at the SantaCruz Church on November 18,1827, wasschooled at the Colegio de Santa Rosa inIntramuros (fine command of Spanish).

When Brigida became widowed, she went tolive in Calamba property willed to her by herhusband, it was there were FranciscoMercado wooed and won her


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The marriage of Francisco Mercado andTeodora Alonso was held on June 28, 1848Physical description of Francisco Mercado:Tall and Robust, fair of skin and gentle-looking; Teodora Alonso:slim and trim, prettyface and gracefulness

1849, the Claveria dictum came, decreeingnew surnames for the citizenry. Eachprovince was given a set of surnames fromwhich each family will choose a new familyname


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Mercados did not find any name in the listwhich fancied them and instead went for theunlisted name Rizal; they continued to useMercado even if the name Rizal was already

granted to themThe Alonsos of Binan adopted the name

Realonda but continued to use Alonso; Eachfamily ended up with four surnames

Jose Protacio Alonso Realonda Mercado Rizal


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By 1860, Mercados became one of therichest tenant couples of the Calambahacienda the first to own a piano, the firstto keep stables and a carraige, the first to

have a home libraryIn 1860, they became the first to build a

stone house in the heart of the town, side byside with church, directly across plaza anddirectly facing the headquarters of theGuardia Civil


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Francisco Mercado had multiple farms tomanage (rice, corn, sugar) while his wife hadmultiple enterprises to manage: a flour mill,a dye factory, a drugstore and a bazaar

Don Francisco: grave and taciturn, silent typealmost melancholic, strict, stern kept tohimself

Dona Teodora: lively and loved conversation,strict, to a certain extent, meddlesome


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Eleven children, eldest Saturning, youngestSoledad spanning a total of 20 years

Saturnina would marry Batangueno ManuelHidalgo (five children) Hidalgo would laterbe deported to Bohol for being an in-law ofRizal (1850-1913)

Paciano (2nd) left academe to become hisfathers farm assistant like Don Francisco,he was austere, laconic, a bit bowlegged andtall (1851-1930), became a general in Phil.Revolution

Rizal Brood


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Narcisa (3rd) married Antonio Lopez ofMorong, a musician and educator. Lived upto the age of 85. Founded Rizal-Lopez line ofscholars (1852-1939)

Olimpia (4th) married Silvestre Ubaldo, atelegraph operator from Manila and bore himthree children (1855-1887)

Lucia (5th) married Mariano Herbosa ofCalamba. When Herbosa died of cholera, hewas denied a church funerla because he wasRizals brother in law (1857-1919)


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Maria (6th) married Daniel Faustino Cruz ofBinan, died at the age of 85 (1859-1945)

Concepcion (8th) died at the age of three;Rizal was grief-stricken with her death, shewas his first playmate (1862-1865)

Josefa (9th) and Trinidad (10th) werespinsters of the family and its last remnants.

They lived together in Manila until the deathof Josefa in 1945 at age 80, Trinidad diedMay 1951 (Josefa 1865-1945) (Trinidad,1868-1951)


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Soledad (11th) was the youngest andmarried Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba (5Children) (1870-1929)


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Paciano Mercado The Elder Paciano sacrificed himself for the sake

of the younger Jose Did not finish school, did not marry in order to

take care of the Mercado family and free Jose fornationalist activism

Paciano financed Rizals schooling in Europe, theydid not inform their parents, especially TeodoraAlonso who feared that Spaniards might kill Jose if

he knew too much It is argued that if not for Pacianos backing, Rizal

might not have reached many of hisachievements

Important AuthorityFigures in Rizals Life


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Paciano and Jose fulfilled each other: Pacianosupplied what the young Rizal lacked: self-esteem, self confidence and beingventuresome

Rizal the propagandist accomplished thelabor that Paciano failed to do when Fr.Burgos, Pacianos mentor was executed.Paciano by joining the Katipunan

accomplished what Rizal failed to doRizal completed Pacianos life by doing the

things Paciano wanted to do: studyingabroad, writing propaganda materials,


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Jose Alonso (Tio Jose) Developed Rizals passion for books and the urge

to write Being European schooled, he aroused Rizals

imagination about Europe and stoke desire to gothere

Spoke three languages: French, English German


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Tio Gregorio Spotted Rizals artistic talent (Rizal was already

doing shadow plays and marionette theatre forlocal audience at a young age)

Became Rizals first art instructor, instructed Rizalto observe the real: observe keenly and faithfullyrecord what he saw (became manifested later onthe two novels and shaped Rizals socialcommentary for the rest of his life


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Tio Manuel Served as Rizals physical education instructor Perceived that Rizals inferiority complex in his

youth was on his physical stature

Tio Manuel decreed regular hours of exercise dailyfor Rizal

He became less sickly but more important benefitwas that he did not have to resign himself to be aweakling

(1)rizal's family

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