1. What is science?

2. Why should we study science?

3. What did we do before science?

4. What role does Math have in Science?

What We Will Address

Integ. Science

Assignments

– Read CH 1: Page 1 – 25

– Take Notes: Page 2 – 10/11

Page 18 – 25

– Define Key Terms: Page 26

Location Due Date

Note Book

Note Book

Text Book Friday

Monday

Monday

ScienceScience – Knowledge about the natural world that

is derived from observations and experiments.

“I am an explorer. Some paths that I travel have been traveled before. Other paths are uncharted – leading to new insights and to new discoveries.”

“Integrated Science”• A Physical Science CLASS at LaSalle that involves

the systematic study of the world around us, the processes that take place in that world, and the laws that govern the physical world. It is not a branch of Science like those listed below.

• Components studied in Integrated Science:– Biology– Chemistry– Physics– Earth Science

Why Study Science?• So you can be scientifically literate!!!

– What does that mean?• You can understand scientific and technologic information that

is constantly given that affects you, your family, YOUR LIFE.• “Science gives us a powerful tool to understand how our world

works and how we interact with our physical surroundings.

• It leads us to future discovery, learning, and understanding of things unseen or to large to comprehend.

• Displays order and regularity where things once seemed chaotic and confusing.

What did we do before science?

What did science evolve from?

Why?

Review

What is the main tool used by most of the sciences?

The Scientific Method

Why do we use it?

Why do we use it?

• It is an organized way of solving problems.

• We use the method because it grants us CONTROL.

• This means we can be sure that our results were affected by a specific factor known as an experimental variable.

Experiment Vocabulary

• Experimental Variable– Factor in an experiment that can and is

changed.

• Control Variables– The part of the experiment that does not have

the variable being tested.

It’s all about CONTROL

• Examples of Controlled Experiments?

The Scientific Method

• There is no single procedure that scientists follow in their work. However, there are certain steps common to all good scientific investigations.

• These steps are called the scientific method.

Scientific Method1. Initial Observation

2. Problem

3. Hypothesis

4. Experimentation and Observation

5. Results

6. Draw Conclusions

• Experimental question or what you want to find out.

• Carry out your experimental procedure in order to test your hypotheses. Manipulate some aspect of nature and observe the outcome.

• Possible rationalization for a set of observations or the likely explanation of the problem.

• Collect data and perform calculations for analysis.Create tables and graphs.Analyze data.

• Summarize results; Check your hypothesis; and draw conclusions that explain problem, solution, and implications for others. Predict the future.

• You notice (senses) something… object, movement, etc...

Scientific Method

What We “Know”

4. Prediction

3. Hypothesis

2. Identifying Patterns

7. Draw Conclusions

1. Observations 5. Experiments

6. Data

Methods in Science• What is the tool that all of the sciences use?• Define the steps in the Scientific Method

– Initial Observation – Problem– Hypothesis– Experimentation and Observation– Results– Analyze Data– Draw Conclusions

• Define the following terms:– Experimental Variable.– Control Variables– Data– Reproducible

• What does it mean to have Control in science?• Give a few examples of Qualitative Observations.• Explain what a Quantitative Observations is.

Science is Quantitative

• Data– Information that can be used to make

conclusions.

• Reproducible– Someone else must be able to do the same

thing… they should get the same results!

Don’t Get Them Confused!• Hypothesis

– Prediction of the outcome of an experiment.

• Theory– a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the

natural world.– an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies

in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena.

– Has lots of observational and experimental support.

• Law– Well tested and supported theory that is true for a variety

of circumstances– a generalization that describes recurring facts or events

in nature

Review Questions

1. How would you explain what science is to someone who never heard the term before?

2. Describe the steps in the scientific method.3. Why do we use the Scientific Method?4. What is the difference between a control and

an experimental variable?5. If one were testing whether nicotine causes

cancer in rats or not, how would they go about maintaining control in the experiment? What would the variables be?

Experimental Design Assignment– Work in pairs

• Design a controlled Experiment/Experiments for each of the following experimental variables.

• The goal here is to follow the scientific method and set up a CONTROLLED experiment or multiple CONTROLLED experiments.

• How do Phosphorous, Potassium, and Nitrogen, as well as Water, Sunlight and Temperature influence plant growth?

• Think of all the other variables that you need to control (list them). Be sure to mention how you would maintain control.