2-2 Energy

Properties & States of Matter

• Lava flow south of Kilauea Volcano, Hawai`i.

• State game lands, February

Objectives

• Describe the physical properties of each state of matter

• Describe the role of reactants and products in chemical reactions

• Explain the relationship between enzymes and activation energy

• Explain how oxidation and reduction reactions are linked

Energy, Matter & reactions in us

• Both are conserved in the universe• Energy: ability to do work

– Can be transduced from one form to another– Molecules are in motion (kinetic)

• Chemical reaction: substances change into different substances with different properties– Bonds are broken and reformed – Reactants and products– Its not exactly math.

• In our capillaries carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid on its way out of our body.

Reactions in us

Activation energy

• Adding energy to begin reactions

• Catalysts: Reduce the amount of activation energy.

• Enzymes are proteins or RNA molecules (like DNA, but smaller) that act as catalysts.

Oxidation & Reduction

• ger & leo OR oil rig• Transferring just an

electron sometimes they show this as H+

• Combine to form redox reactions

• Oxidize looks a lot like burning sometimes

• In photosynthesis CO2 is reduced to a sugar & water is oxidized into oxygen

• Foundation of electrochemical cells and bioremediation

• When Zn, Cu, Al or Stainless Steel rusts they form an out coat preventing the inside from rusting

• Iron doesn’t • Galvanize: coat your iron with a thin layer that protects

against rust• Bluing is least effective, but thinnest layer used in gun

manufacture• Chrome or gold plating looks good

WD-40 • Water Displacement,

40th attempt • First used on

Convair’s ICBM’s in the 50’s

• Slitght problems: Dry’s quickly and attracts dust

• Trivia: WD40 Dissolves cocaine

• Company made 238.1 mil in 2003 and trades for ~ 35.00 a share

• The United States Department of Energy (DOE) is a Cabinet-level department of the United States government responsible for energy policy and nuclear safety

• Secretary of Energy responsible: Sam Bodman

Sam Bodman

• Chemical Engineer from M.I.T.

• Has run a fortune 300 company

• He’s our man in OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

• Trying to drill in Alaska

• Less than 100 miles west of ANWR lies Prudhoe Bay, North America's largest oil field, located along similar geologic trends. Prudhoe, together with Kuparuk, Lisburne and Endicott, accounts for about 20 percent of U.S. domestic oil production.

1. Name and describe the physical properties of the 3 states of matter

Solid, Liquid,Gas

2. Explain the roles of reactants and products in a chemical reaction.

Reactants are what goes into a reaction

Products are what comes out of a reaction

3. Describe the effect of an enzyme on the activation energy in a chemical reaction.

It lowers the activation energy allowing the reaction to go faster

4. What do enzymes do?

Speed up chemical reactions in living things. An enzyme is a biological catalyst

5. Why does a reduction reaction always accompany an oxidation reaction?

If an atom is oxidized another atom must accept the lost electrons

6. Why do living things need a constant supply of energy?

In order to maintain organization and continue chemical reactions keeping us alive.

Pelusa the purple polar bear of Argentina,

8. Carbonic anhydrase is the enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction in our capillaries. What effect might a molecule that interferes with the action of carbonic anhydrase have on the body?

Carbon Dioxide would accumulate in the blood because no carbonic acid would get made.