2 pvi“ i kvi“kjv...2013/03/07 · 2 pvi“ i kvi“kjv rvzxq wk vµg i cvv¨cy¯—k †evw©...

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv 2

RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy —K †evW© KZ…©K 2013 wk¶vel© †_‡K mßg †kªwYi cvV¨cy —Ki~‡c wba©vwiZ

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

mßg †kªwY

iPbv nv‡kg Lvb

GWwjb gvjvKvi G.Gm.Gg AvwZKzj Bmjvg

mb&Rxe `vm

m¤úv`bv gy¯—vdv g‡bvqvi

RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯—K †evW©, XvKv

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

3

RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯—K †evW© 69-70 gwZwSj evwYwR¨K GjvKv, XvKv-1000

KZ©„K cÖKvwkZ|

[cÖKvkK KZ©„K me© ^Z¡ msiw¶Z] cix¶vg~jK ms¯‹iY

cÖ_g cÖKvk : †m‡Þ¤^i, 2012

cvV¨cy¯—K cÖYq‡b mgš^qK myRvDj Av‡e`xb

my`k©b evQvi

cÖ”Q` I wPÎv¼b nv‡kg Lvb

GWwjb gvjvKvi mb&Rxe `vm

G. Gm.Gg. AvwZKzj Bmjvg my`k©b evQvi

myRvDj Av‡e`xb

Kw¤úDUvi K‡¤úvR

Kvjvi MÖvwdK

wWRvBb RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯—K †evW©

miKvi KZ©„K webvg~‡j¨ weZi‡Yi Rb¨

gy`ª‡Y :


cÖm½-K_v wk¶v RvZxq Rxe‡bi m‡e©vZgyLx Dbœq‡bi c~e©kZ©| Avi ª“Z cwieZ©bkxj we‡k¦i P¨v‡jÄ †gvKv‡ejv K‡i evsjv‡`k‡K Dbœqb I mg„w×i w`‡K wb‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb mywkw¶Z Rbkw³| fvlv Av‡›`vjb I gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvq †`k Movi Rb¨ wk¶v_©xi Aš—wbwn©Z †gav I m¤¢vebvi cwic~Y© weKv‡k mvnvh¨ Kiv gva¨wgK wk¶vi Ab¨Zg j¶¨| GQvov cÖv_wgK —‡i AwR©Z wk¶vi †gŠwjK Ávb I `¶Zv m¤cÖmvwiZ I mymsnZ Kivi gva¨‡g D”PZi wk¶vi †hvM¨ K‡i †ZvjvI G —‡ii wk¶vi D‡Ïk¨| ÁvbvR©‡bi GB cÖwµqvi wfZi w`‡q wk¶v_©x‡K †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹…wZK I cwi‡ekMZ cUf~wgi †cÖw¶‡Z `¶ I †hvM¨ bvMwiK K‡i †ZvjvI gva¨wgK wk¶vi Ab¨Zg we‡eP¨ welq|

RvZxq wk¶vbxwZ-2010 Gi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L cwigvwR©Z n‡q‡Q gva¨wgK ¯—‡ii wk¶vµg| cwigvwR©Z GB wk¶vµ‡g RvZxq Av`k©, j¶¨, D‡Ïk¨ I mgKvjxb Pvwn`vi cÖwZdjb NUv‡bv n‡q‡Q, †mB mv‡_ wk¶v_©x‡ì eqm, †gav I MÖnY ¶gZv Abyhvqx wkLbdj wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| GQvov wk¶v_©xi ˆbwZK I gvbweK g~j¨‡eva †_‡K ïi“ K‡i BwZnvm I HwZn¨ †PZbv, gnvb gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv, wkí-mvwnZ¨-ms¯‹…wZ‡eva, †`k‡cÖg‡eva, cÖK…wZ-†PZbv Ges ag©-eY©-†MvÎ I bvix-cyi“l wbwe©‡k‡l mevi cÖwZ mggh©v`v‡eva RvMÖZ Kivi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GKwU weÁvbgb¯‹ RvwZ MV‡bi Rb¨ Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU †¶‡Î weÁv‡bi ¯ZtùZ© cÖ‡qvM I wWwRUvj evsjv‡`‡ki i~cKí-2021 Gi j¶¨ ev —evq‡b wk¶v_©x‡ì m¶g K‡i †Zvjvi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

bZzb GB wk¶vµ‡gi Av‡jv‡K cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q gva¨wgK ¯—‡ii cÖvq mKj cvV¨cy —K| D³ cvV¨cy¯—K cÖYq‡b wk¶v_©x‡ì mvg_© , cÖeYZv I c~e© AwfÁZv‡K ¸i“‡Z¡i m‡½ we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| cvV¨cy¯—K¸‡jvi welq wbe©vPb I Dc ’vc‡bi †¶‡Î wk¶v_©xi m„Rbkxj cÖwZfvi weKvk mva‡bi w`‡K we‡klfv‡e ¸i“Z¡ †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU Aa¨v‡qi ïi“‡Z wkLbdj hy³ K‡i wk¶v_©xi AwR©Ze¨ Áv‡bi Bw½Z cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges wewPÎ KvR, m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I Ab¨vb¨ cÖkœ ms‡hvRb K‡i g~j¨vqb‡K m„Rbkxj Kiv n‡q‡Q|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I Ab¨vb¨ cÖkœ ms‡hvRb K‡i g~j¨vqb‡K m„Rbkxj Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖK…wZ‡K w¯’i I myk„•Ljfv‡e ch©‡e¶Y K‡i Zv‡K gvbwmK, ˆ`wnK I bv›`wbK „wó‡Z Zz‡j ai‡Z Pviy I KviyKjv welqwU wk¶v_©x‡ì h‡_ó mnvqZv Ki‡e| wk¶v_x©‡ì wkí‡eva I Rxe‡bi cÖwZ ggZ¡‡eva ˆZwii †¶‡Î Pviy I KviyKjv welqwU AwZ Riywi| GB welqwU cvV`v‡bi Rb¨ ZvB eënvwiK I nv‡Z Kj‡g Kv‡Ri Ici we‡kl ¸iyZ¡ Av‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avkv Kwi 7g †kªwYi Pviy I KviyKjv cvV¨cy —‡K bZzb wk¶vµg I cvV¨m~wPi D‡Ï¨k¨¸‡jvi h_vfv‡e cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|

GKwesk kZ‡Ki A½xKvi I cÖZ¨q‡K mvg‡b †i‡L cwigvwR©Z wk¶vµ‡gi Av‡jv‡K cvV¨cy —KwU iwPZ n‡q‡Q| Kv‡RB cvV¨cy¯—KwUi AviI mg„w×mva‡bi Rb¨ †h‡Kv‡bv MVbg~jK I hyw³m½Z civgk© ¸i“‡Z¡i m‡½ we‡ewPZ n‡e| cvV¨cy¯—K cÖYq‡bi wecyj Kg©h‡Ái g‡a¨ AwZ ¯^í mg‡qi g‡a¨ cy —KwU iwPZ n‡q‡Q| d‡j wKQz fyjÎ“wU †_‡K †h‡Z cv‡i| cieZ©x ms¯‹iY¸‡jv‡Z cvV¨cy —KwU‡K AviI my›ì, †kvfb I Î“wUgy³ Kivi †Póv Ae¨vnZ, _vK‡e| evbv‡bi †¶‡Î Abym„Z n‡q‡Q evsjv GKv‡Wgx KZ…©K cÖYxZ evbvbixwZ|

cvV¨cy —KwU iPbv, m¤úv`bv, wPÎv¼b, bgybv cÖkœvw` cÖYqb I cÖKvkbvi Kv‡R hviv Avš—wiKfv‡e †gav I kªg w`‡q‡Qb Zuv‡ì abëv` Ávcb KiwQ| cvV¨cy —KwU wk¶v_©x‡ì Avbw›`Z cvV I cÖZ¨vwkZ `¶Zv AR©b wbwðZ Ki‡e e‡j Avkv Kwi|

cÖ‡dmi †gvt †gv¯—dv KvgvjDwÏb

†Pqvig¨vb RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy —K †evW©, XvKv

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

5

m~wPcÎ

Aa¨v‡qi bvg Aa¨v‡qi wk‡ivbvg c„ôv cÖ_g evsjv‡`‡k PviyKvjv wk¶vi BwZnvm 1-7

wØZxq wPÎKjv me©Kv‡j me gvby‡li fvlv 8-16

Z…Zxq evsjv‡`‡ki †jvKwkí I Kvi“wkí 17-27

PZz_© Qwe AvuKvi wewfbœ gva¨g 28-31

cÂg Qwe AvuKvi bvbviKg Avb›``vqK Abykxjb 32-40

lô wewfbœ cÖKvi wkíKg© 41-60

iO I i‡Oi e¨envi 61-68

cÖ_g Aa¨vq

evsjv‡`‡k PviyKjv wk¶vi BwZnvm

Pvi“Kjv Abyl`, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq

G Aa¨vq cvV †k‡l Avgiv

• evsjv‡`‡k Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv wk¶vi msw¶ß BwZnvm eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie| • evsjv‡`‡k Pvi“Kjv wk¶vi cw_K…r wkíx‡`i bvg D‡j −L Ki‡Z cvie| • mgv‡R wkí wk¶vi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie|


cvV : 1 hviv Qwe Avu‡Kb Zviv wPÎwkíx, Mv‡bi wkíx‡ì ejv nq msMxZwkíx, Awf‡bZv Awf‡bÎxiv cwiwPZ nb bvU¨wkíx ev Pjw”PÎwkíx wn‡m‡e| hviv b„Z¨ cwi‡ekb K‡ib Zviv b„Z¨wkíx wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| Gfv‡e ms¯‹…wZ PP©vi cÖ‡Z¨KwU wefvM I wel‡qi wfbœ wfbœ ev wbw` ©ó cwiPq i‡q‡Q|

wkí I ms¯‹…wZi cÖwZwU †¶‡ÎB PP©v ev Abykxjb cÖ‡qvRb| †QvU‡ejv, eo‡ejv, †h‡Kv‡bv eqm †_‡KB †h‡Kv‡bv wkíKjvi PPv© Kiv hvq| Avevi cÖvwZôvwbK wel‡q PP©v Kivi R‡b¨, wbw ©ó wKQz mnR wbqg-Kvbyb †g‡b Abykxjb Ki‡Z nq|

†hgb Mvb MvIqvi Rb¨ myi, Zvj, jq BZ¨vw` fv‡jv K‡i ey‡S wb‡Z nq| mv‡iMvgv ev mßmyi †_‡K kyiy K‡i Ab¨vb¨ myi, Zvj BZ¨vw` iß Kivi Rb¨ cÖwZw`b Af¨vm Ki‡Z nq| hv‡K msMxZ wkíxiv e‡jb †iIqvR Kiv ev Mjv mvav| GKRb msMxZ wkíx‡K mvivRxebB †iIqvR Ki‡Z nq| msMx‡Zi †¶‡Î huviv L¨vwZgvb Zuviv Rxebfi GB wbqg †g‡b †iIqvR Kivi wel‡q h‡_ó MyiyZ¡ w`‡q _v‡Kb|

wPÎKjvi †¶‡ÎI wbqwgZ Qwe AvuK‡Z nq| PP©v ev Abykxjb Ki‡Z nq| Z‡e msMx‡Zi †¶‡Î †hgb wkï eqm †_‡K mv‡iMvgv I myi Zvj jq `x¶v wb‡Z nq Ñ AvuKvi †¶‡Î wkï‡ì Qwe AvuKvi mvaviY wbqg-Kvbyb †R‡b Qwe AvuKvi †P‡q wkï B‡”Qg‡Zv AvuKzK, wb‡Ri wPš—v, ^cœ I B”Qv‡K is Zzwj‡Z Zvi KvM‡R mn‡R Gu‡K †djyK Ñ GB ¯vfvweKZv‡KB ¸iyZ¡ †`qv nq| wkï‡K KL‡bv wb‡ ©k w`‡q Qwe AvuKv‡bv DwPZ bq| wkï I †QvUiv GKUv wbw ©ó eqm ch©š— wb‡R wb‡RB AvuK‡e| wkï wb‡R AvuK‡Z cvi‡Q e‡j Acvi Avb‡›` LyeB my›ì Qwe Avu‡K|

mvaviYZ lô †kªwY †_‡KB ax‡i ax‡i AvuKvi wbqg-Kvbyb †R‡b Qwe AvuKvi †Póv Kiv fv‡jv, †gvUvgywU cÂg †kªwY ch©š— wkï wb‡R wb‡R AvuK‡e| wbqg-Kvbyb †g‡b wk¶vMÖnY Kiv‡K cÖvwZôvwbK wk¶v e‡j| evsjv‡`‡k Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjvi cÖvwZôvwbK wk¶vi K_v Gevi Avgiv Rvbe| cvV : 2 ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k cÖwZôvi Av‡MB XvKvq 1948 mv‡j wPÎKjv †kLvi cÖwZôvb M‡o †Zvjv nq| D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡ib K‡qKRb wPÎwkíx| huviv †KvjKvZv AvU© K‡j‡R wkíwk¶v mgvcb K‡ib| Guiv n‡jb wkívPvh© Rqbyj Av‡ew`b, cUzqv Kvgiyj nvmvb, LvRv kwdK Avn‡g`, kwdDwÏb Avn‡g`, Av‡bvqviyj nK I kwdKyj Avwgb| 1947 mv‡j fviZe‡l© yBkZ eQ‡ii weªwUk kvm‡bi Aemvb n‡j fviZ ywU ^vaxb iv‡óª fvM n‡q ^vaxbZv AR©b K‡i| GKwUi bvg fviZ I Ab¨ As‡ki bvg cvwK —vb| cvwK —v‡bi Avevi ywU Ask Ñ c~e© cvwK —vb I cwðg cvwK —vb|

Qwe AuvK‡Qb Rqbyj Av‡ew`b


Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

3

1948 mv‡j c~e© cvwK —v‡bi ivRavbx XvKv‡Z PviyKjv Bbw÷wUD‡Ui cÖwZôvq wkíx‡ì A‡bK evavi m¤§yLxb n‡Z n‡qwQj| mvgvwRKfv‡e †mB Kv‡j ÔQwe AvuKvÕ wel‡qi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv wQj bv| †KD Qwe Gu‡K Rxeb-hvcb Ki‡e GUv †KD fve‡ZB cviZ bv| KviYÑQwe Gu‡K Kx n‡e? Qwe Gu‡K DcvR©b Kivi †Zgb eë ’v †`‡k wQj bv| miKvwi †Kv‡bv PvKwi wQj bv| Zvn‡j Qwe Gu‡K Kx n‡e?

Ab¨w`‡K mvgvwRK Kzms¯‹vi I †MuvovwgI GKwU eo evav wQj|

ZvB wkíx Rqbyj Av‡ew`b, Kvgiyj nvmvb, Av‡bvqviyj nK, mwdDwÏb Avn‡g` hLb miKvi‡K cÖ —ve w`‡jb Ñ †`k fvMvfvwMi ci Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK wel‡qi g‡Zv †KvjKvZv AvU© K‡j‡Ri A‡a©K c~e© evsjvi gvbyl cvq| ZvB mn‡RB c~e© evsjvi gvby‡li R‡b¨ ivRavbx XvKvq GKwU AvU© K‡jR cÖwZôv Kiv hvq| D‡j−wLZ wkíxiv cÖvq mevB wQ‡jb †KvjKvZv AvU© K‡j‡Ri wk¶K I c~e©Zb weªwUk kvwmZ fviZ miKv‡ii Kg©Pvwi| cvV : 3 ZrKvjxb cvwK —vb miKvi LyeB Ae‡njvq wkíx‡ì cÖ —ve evwZj K‡i w`j| KviY †`Lvj Ñ cvwK —vb GLb BmjvwgK †`k| Bmjvgx fveaviv me©Î cÖwZôv cvq Ggb wk¶v cÖwZôvbB GLb cvwK —v‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb| AvU© K‡jR K‡i †mUv n‡e bv| wkíxiv wcQ cv n‡jb bv| miKvi‡K †evSv‡jbÑ bZzb †`k‡K my›ìfv‡e Mo‡Z n‡j, gvby‡li Rxeb-hvcb‡K my›ì I iywPkxj Kivi R‡b¨ mgv‡R wkíx‡ì cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q| K‡qKwU D`vniY Zuviv †m mgq D‡j−L K‡ib| †hgbÑ

1. mvaviY gvbyl‡K ^v ’ ‡mev w`‡Z n‡e Ges Zv‡ì‡K wewfbœ †ivM †_‡K wbivgq †c‡Z n‡j Ñ Qwe Gu‡K †cv÷vi ˆZwi K‡i Lye mn‡RB †evSv‡bv hvq| hv eBcy —‡K †jLv‡jwL K‡i †evSv‡bv mnR bq| KviY †`‡k †jLvcov Rvbv gvby‡li msL¨v Lye Kg| 2. miKv‡ii wewfbœ wel‡qi cÖPvi Kv‡RÑ iv —vq nuvUvPjv, evm-UªvK PjvP‡ji wbqg-Kvbyb BZ¨vwì Rb¨ †cv÷vi I cÖPvic‡Îi Rb¨ wkíxi cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| 3. mn‡R Pvl Kiv, †mP †`qv, †cvKvgvKo †_‡K mveavb _vKv †_‡K ïiy K‡i Kxfv‡e K„wl djb evov‡bv hvq Zv Qwe Gu‡K mvaviY K…lK‡K †evSv‡bv hvq| 4. gvbwPÎ AuvKv, ¯‹zj-K‡j‡Ri cy —‡Ki Rb¨ Qwe AvuKv, wPwKrmvwe`¨v I KvwiMwiwe`¨vi eB cy —‡Ki Rb¨ wkíxi cÖ‡qvRb Riywi| 5. m`¨ bZzb †`‡k wkí KviLvbv ax‡i ax‡i M‡o DV‡e| Gme KviLvbvi Drcv`‡bi ci evRv‡i I we‡`‡k ißvwb Ki‡Z †M‡j bvbviKg i‡O †gvoK ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e| bKkv I Qwe AuvK‡Z n‡e| QweGu‡K weÁvcb Ki‡Z n‡e|

wkívPvh© Rqbyj Av‡ew`b wkíx Kvgi“j nvmvb

wkíx mwdDwÏb Avn‡g`


myZivs †`‡ki Kv‡R, RbM‡Yi cÖ‡qvR‡b I Kj¨v‡Y mgv‡R wPÎwkíx‡ì cÖ‡qvRb LyeB ¸iyZ¡c~Y©| ZvB wkíx

ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ GKwU K‡jR ev cÖwZôvb hZ ZvovZvwo m¤¢e miKvwifv‡eB ïiy Ki‡Z n‡e|

cvV : 4

wPÎwkíxiv Ggwb bvbviKg hyw³ w`‡q ZrKvjxb cvwK —vb miKv‡ii EaŸ©Zb Kg©KZ©v‡ì Kv‡Q Zz‡j ai‡jb †h

PviyKjv wk¶v †`‡ki cÖ‡qvR‡bB cÖwZôv Kiv DwPZ| wkíx‡ì GB D‡`¨vM‡K cÖksmv K‡i GwM‡q Av‡mb evOvwj

K‡qKRb we‡`¨vrmvnx gvbyl| weÁvbx W. Kz iZ-G-Ly v ZLb c~e© cvwK —vb miKv‡ii Rbwk¶v wefv‡Mi cÖavb

(wW wc AvB)| wZwbI miKvi‡K †evSv‡jb PviyKjv wk¶v Aek¨B cÖ‡qvRb| miKvwi EaŸ©Zb Kg©KZv© mwjgyj−vn

dvnwg, Aveyj Kv‡kg cÖgyL wkíx‡ì cv‡k G‡m uvov‡jb| Guiv bvbvfv‡e miKv‡ii PviyKjv wk¶vi cÖwZ Abxnv

I wei~c g‡bvfve‡K mwi‡q welqwUi cÖ‡qvRb‡K Dcjwä Kivi Rb¨ †Póv Pvwj‡q †h‡Z _v‡Kb| †mB mg‡q

†jLK, mvsevw`K I ms¯‹…wZi gvbylivI Qwe AuvKv wk¶vi ¸iyZ¡ wel‡q Le‡ii KvM‡R †jLv‡jwL ïiy Ki‡jb|

Giv n‡jb Ñ W. mv‡ivqvi †gvi‡k`, †evinvb DwÏb Lvb Rvnv½xi, gybxi †PŠayix, kIKZ Imgvb, AwRZ ¸n,

wmKvb`vi Avey Rvdi, Iqvwn yj nK cÖgyL| †jLv‡jwL I Av‡jvPbvi d‡j miKviI ax‡i ax‡i bgbxq n‡jb|

hwÌ wKQz gvbyl agx©q „wó‡KvY †_‡K miKvi I ms¯‹…wZ‡cÖgx‡ì cÖwZ wei~c gš—e¨ ïiy Kij| Zviv ixwZg‡Zv

d‡Zvqv w`j- Bmjvgx †`‡k Qwe AuvKv bvQviv ev cv‡ci KvR| wKš‘ PviyKjv cÖwZôvb ïiy nevi 4/5 eQ‡ii

g‡a¨B wPÎwkíxiv cÖgvY K‡i Pjj, a‡g©i †`vnvB GKwU ev‡R ARynvZ| GwU wKQz e¨w³i gbMov K_v| wPÎKjv

wk¶v I PP©v gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Y Ges †`‡ki wewfbœ Kv‡R, DbœwZ‡Z ¸iyZ¡c~Y© welq|

cvV : 5

A‡bK †Póvi ci Ae‡k‡l Qwe AuvKv wk¶vi Rb¨ GKwU we`¨vcxV, ZrKvjxb c~e© cvwK —v‡bi ivRavbx GB XvKv

kn‡i cÖwZwôZ n‡jv| ZvwiL wQj 30 †m‡Þ¤î 1948 mvj| bevecy‡i b¨vkbvj †gwWK¨vj K‡j‡Ri ywU

Kvgivq ïiy n‡jv cÖ_g Qwe AuvKvi cÖwZôvb| bvg †`qv n‡jv Mfb©‡g›U AvU© Bbw÷wUDU| 12 Rb QvÎ fwZ©

n‡qwQj 1g eQi| Aa¨¶ wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM cvb wkíx Rqbyj Av‡ew`b| Ab¨vb¨ wk¶Kiv n‡jb Av‡bvqviyj nK,

LvRv kwdK Avn‡g`, Kvgiyj nvmvb, ˆmq` Avjx Avnmvb I kwdKzj Avwgb| Guiv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB KjKvZv AvU©

K‡j‡R c‡o‡Qb| Rqbyj Av‡ew`b, Av‡bvqviyj nK I kwdDwÏb Avn‡g` KjKvZv AvU© K‡j‡R wk¶K wn‡m‡e

wb‡qvMI †c‡qwQ‡jb| 1947-G †`k fvM n‡q †M‡j Zuviv XvKvq P‡j Av‡mb| Zvici cÖvq GK eQi msMÖvg

K‡i XvKvq KjKvZvi Abyi~c GKwU wPÎKjv K‡jR cÖwZôv Ki‡jb| `yB eQi ci wk¶K wn‡m‡e †hvM w`‡jb

wkíx †gvnv¤§` wKewiqv| wZwbI KjKvZv AvU© K‡j‡R †jLvcov K‡i‡Qb|


Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

5

cvV : 6 Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjvi cw_K…r wkíxiv

1948 mv‡j ïi“ nq evsjv‡`‡k Z_v ZrKvjxb c~e© cvwK —v‡b wkíwk¶vi m~Pbv| huviv G Av‡›`vjb A_©vr wkíwk¶vi Av‡›`vj‡b †bZ…Z¡ w`‡qwQ‡jb Zuv‡ì‡KB Avgiv eje cw_K…r wkíx| KviY Zuviv c_ †`wL‡qwQ‡jb e‡jB AvR Avgiv Qwe AuvKv wkLwQ| G wel‡q cov‡kvbv KiwQ| G cÖwZôvb †_‡K wk¶vMÖnY K‡i cieZ©xKv‡j †`‡ki wkíwk¶v cÖmv‡i ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ae`vb †i‡LwQ‡jb †ekwKQy wkíx| cÖ_g e¨v‡Pi 12Rb wkíxi g‡a¨ cieZ©xKv‡j yRb L¨vwZgvb wkíx wn‡m‡e cÖwZôv †c‡qwQ‡jb| GKRb wkíx Avwgbyj Bmjvg Ges wØZxqRb wkíx ˆmq` kwdKzj †nv‡mb| Ab¨ `kR‡bi †ewkifvMB wPÎwkíx wn‡m‡e ev wPÎKjv‡K †ckv wn‡m‡eB MÖnY K‡i mgv‡R wPÎwk‡íi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †evSv‡Z we‡kl f‚wgKv †i‡LwQ‡jb| Avwgbyj Bmjvg evsjv‡`‡ki wkíKjv PP©v‡K GwM‡q wb‡q †h‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| evsjv‡`‡ki `xN© mg‡qi wkíKjvi avivevwnK DbœwZ I cÖwZôvq Zuvi wekvj Ae`vb i‡q‡Q| Avwgbyj Bmjvg I ˆmq` kwdKzj †nv‡mb PviyKjv Bbw÷wUD‡U Aa¨¶ wn‡m‡eI `xN©w`b wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb| cvV : 7 I 8

PviyKjv Bbw÷wUDU cÖwZôv K‡iB wkíx Rqbyj Av‡ew`b I Ab¨vb¨ cÖwZôvZv wkíxiv ¶vš— _v‡Kb wb| wkíxiv hv‡Z mgv‡Ri cÖ‡qvR‡b bvbvfv‡e Qwe AuvKv‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡Z cv‡i †m w`‡KI Zuviv bRi w`‡qwQ‡jb| miKv‡ii wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡b wkíx‡ì Rb¨ m¤§vbRbK c` ˆZwi, wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡b wPÎwk‡íi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv BZ¨vw` wel‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i RbgZ ˆZwii Rb¨ wk¶K I QvÎiv †hŠ_fv‡e †Póv Pvwj‡q †h‡Z _‡Kb| GB †Póv wQj GKUv mvs¯‹„wZK Av‡›`vjb| KvRUv †gv‡UB mnR wQj bv| Aš—Z `k †_‡K ev‡iv eQi †j‡M‡Q mgvR‡K I ivóª‡K †evSv‡Z †h, GKUv my›ì mgvR I my›ì ivóª ˆZwi‡Z wPÎwkí Ab¨vb¨ †ckvi g‡ZvB ¸iyZ¡c~Y©| †hgbÑ cÖ‡KŠkjx, Wv³vi, wk¶K, cÖkvmK, ’cwZ, Awf‡bZv, msMxZwkíx DbœZ mgv‡Ri Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb, †Zgwb wPÎwkíxivI my›ì mgvR MV‡b wekvj f‚wgKv ivL‡Z cvi‡Q| ZvB Lye mn‡RB ejv hvq, evsjv‡`‡ki wkíKjv‡K h_vh_ gh©v`vq cÖwZôv Kivi Rb¨ wkíx Rqbyj Av‡ew`b GK ewjô †bZ…Z¡ w`‡qwQ‡jb| Zvui m‡½ mgvbfv‡eB msMÖvg K‡i‡Qb wkíx Av‡bvqviyj nK, wkíx kwdDwÏb Avn‡g`, cUzqv Kvgiyj nvmvb, LvRv kwdK Avn‡g`, kwdKzj Avwgb I wkíx †gvnv¤§` wKewiqv| cÖ_g 12 eQ‡ii wkí wk¶vq huviv G‡mwQ‡jb ZuvivI mgvb wbôv wb‡q Zuv‡ì ¸iy‡ì m‡½ KvR K‡i‡Qb| d‡j evsjv‡`‡ki wbR¯^ wkí‡PZbvi GKwU êwkó¨ I i~c cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q| hv evsjv‡`‡ki wkíKjv PP©v‡K Avš—R©vwZK gv‡b †cuŠ‡Q w`‡q‡Q| Gu‡ì g‡a¨ huv‡ì D‡j −L‡hvM¨ f‚wgKv i‡q‡Q Zuviv n‡jbÑ KvBqyg †PŠayix, ikx` †PŠayix, g~Z©Rv ekxi, Ave yi iv¾vK, Ave yj ev‡mZ, nvwg yi ingvb, ˆmq` Rvnv½xi, mgiwRrivq †PŠayix, nv‡kg Lvb, iwdKzb bex, wbZzb KyÊz, †è`vm PµeZ©x, Avey Zv‡ni, gvngy yj nK, gwbiyj Bmjvg, Aveyj eviK Avjfx cÖgyL|


bgybv cÖkœ

ï× ev‡K¨ wUK wPý ( ) `vI

1. hviv Qwe Avu‡Kb Zviv n‡jbÑ bvU¨wkíx/ wPÎwkíx/ b„Z¨wkíx

2. hviv bvU‡K I Pjw”P‡Î Awfbq K‡ib ZvivÑ Kviywkíx/ Awf‡bZv/ wPÎwkíx

3. hviv PgrKvi Mvb MvB‡Z cv‡ib Zviv n‡jbÑ Awf‡bZv/ msMxZwkíx/ bvU¨wkíx

4. wkï‡K Qwe AvuKv †kLvevi Rb¨ cÖ_‡gBÑ fv‡jv K‡i wbqg-Kvbyb wkwL‡q w`‡Z nq/ cÖ_‡gB wb‡Ri

B‡”Qg‡Zv AvuK‡Z w`‡Z nq|

5. mvaviYZÑ lô †kªwY †_‡K ax‡i ax‡i Qwe AvuKvi wbqg-Kvbyb¸‡jv †R‡b wkï Qwe AvuKv fv‡jv/ 1g †kªwY †_‡K wbqgKvbyb †R‡b Qwe AvuK‡e|

6. Avw`g gvby‡livÑ K¨vbfv‡m Qwe AvuKZ/ ¸nvi Mv‡q Qwe AvuKZ/ KvM‡R Qwe AvuKZ|

7. Avw`g gvby‡liv Qwe AvuKvi is ZzwjÑ kn‡ii †`vKvb †_‡K msMÖn KiZ/ wb‡Riv gvwU, cïi Pwe© I cv_i muyPv‡jv K‡i ˆZwi K‡i wbZ|

8. cÖvq c‡b‡iv-†lv‡jv kZK ch©š— wkíxivÑ eo eo AvU© K‡j‡R wM‡q Qwe AvuKv wkLZ/ ¸iy ev wkí wk¶‡Ki Qwe AvuKvi Kv‡R mnvqZv Ki‡Z †h‡q ¸iyi Kv‡QB wk‡L wbZ|

9. cvwK —vb miKviÑ wb‡RivB AvU© K‡jR ˆZwi K‡i Zvici wkíx‡ì Wv‡Kb/ wPÎwkíx Rqbyj Av‡ew`b, Kvgiyj nvmvb, kwdDwÏb Avn‡g`, Av‡bvqviyj nK, kwdKzj Avwgb cÖgyL‡ì `vwei Kvi‡Y wkíwk¶vi cÖwZôvb ïi“ K‡ib|

10. Qwe AvuKv †kLvi cÖ_g cÖwZôv‡bi bvg wQjÑ Mfb©‡g›U AvU© K‡jR/ Mfb©‡g›U AvU© Bbw÷wUDU|

11. Mfb©‡g›U AvU© Bbw÷wUD‡Ui hvÎv ïiy nqÑ 14B AvM÷ 1947/ 30†k †m‡Þ¤î 1948/ 22†k AvM÷ 1948|

12. wkíKjv wk¶vi wbR ^ febÑ eZ©gvb XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi PviyKjv Abyl‡`B Mfb©‡g›U AvU© Bbw÷wUDUwUi K¬vm ïiy nq/ bevecy‡i b¨vkbvj †gwWK¨vj K‡j‡Ri gvÎ 2wU Kvgivq ïi“ nq|

13. DbœZ mgvR MV‡b cÖ‡KŠkjx, Wv³vi I weÁvbxi g‡ZvÑ wPÎwkíx‡ìI f‚wgKv i‡q‡Q/ wPÎ wkíxiv ïay wb‡R‡ì Rb¨ I cÖ k©bx Kivi Rb¨ Qwe Auv‡K|


Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

7

ms‡¶‡c Reve †jL

1. wkky eq‡m I we`¨vj‡q covi mgq Kxfv‡e Qwe AvuK‡e? 2. eZ©gvb evsjv‡`‡k ev c~e© cvwK —v‡b Kxfv‡e, †Kvb mg‡q Ges Kv‡`i †Póvq wkíKjv wk¶vi cªwZôvb cÖwZwôZ nq| cÖwZôvbwUi cÖ_g bvg Kx wQj? 3. Mfb©‡g›U AvU© Bbw÷wUDU cÖwZôvi Rb¨ wkíxiv miKvi‡K †Kvb †Kvb D`vniY w`‡q wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi ¸iyZ¡ eywS‡qwQ‡jb? 4. cÖ_g eQi KZRb QvÎ fwZ© n‡qwQj? Zv‡`i m¤ú‡K© †jL? 5. cÖ_g 12 eQ‡i wk¶v jvf K‡i †Kvb †Kvb wkíxiv †`‡ki ms¯‹…wZ weKv‡k I wkíKjv wk¶vq Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb|


wØZxq Aa¨vq

wPÎKjv me©Kv‡j me gvby‡li fvlv

GB Aa¨vq cvV †k‡l AvgivÑ • mf¨Zvi cÖ_g fv‡M gvbyl †h wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ fve cÖKvk K‡iwQj Zv Rvb‡Z cvie| • wPÎKjvi ev Qwei fvlv w`‡q Kxfv‡e mviv we‡k¦i gvbyl fve wewbgq Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvie| • c„w_exi weL¨vZ wkíx I Zuv‡`i wkíKg© m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie|

wkíx Rqbyj Av‡ew`b Zuvi LvZvi KvM‡R Gu‡K eywS‡q w`‡jb wZwb Kx Kx wRwbm Lv‡eb| wm× Lv‡eb bv fvwR ZvI Gu‡K eywS‡q w`‡jb| g` Lv‡eb bv, †mUvI AvuK‡jb|

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

9

cvV : 1 gvbyl Avw`Kv‡ji †mB ¸nvRxeb †_‡K ïiy K‡i KZ w`K †_‡K KZfv‡e Rq Ki‡Z wkLj c„w_ex‡K| gvbyl †Kv_v †_‡K ïi“ K‡i AvR †Kv_vq G‡m †cuŠ‡Q‡Q| ïay cÖK…wZi mv‡_ m¤úK© wb‡qB †Zv gvby‡li Pj‡e bv| g~j mgm¨v n‡jv gvby‡li mv‡_ gvby‡li m¤úK© wb‡q| Avw`g gvbyl hLb cÖvK…wZK cÖwZK~jZvq Rxeb I RxweKvi Rb¨ msMÖvg KiZ Ges wnsmª cï‡ì Avµg‡Yi f‡q memgq AvZs‡K _vKZ| gyw³i Dcvq wnmv‡e hv y wek¦vm wb‡q cvnv‡oi Mv‡q wewPÎ AuvPo †K‡U Qwe Gu‡K msNe× n‡q †mBme cÖwZK~jZv‡K Rq K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ †Kb gvbyl Qwe Gu‡KwQj? †mB in‡mï K_v Avgiv GLb Rvbe| 1879 mv‡ji K_v| †¯ú‡bi DËivÂ‡j mvDUzjv bv‡g GK Rwg`vi evm Ki‡Zb| Zvi Rwg`vwi †ek eo| †mLv‡b wQj A‡bK cvnvo| GLv‡b wZwb mÜvb †c‡qwQ‡jb GKwU ¸nvi| ¸nvi g‡a¨ mÜvb Pvwj‡q wKQz cvIqv hvq wKbv G †Lqv‡ji e‡m GKw`b Lbb KvR Avi¤¢ K‡i w`‡jb| fve‡jb ¸nvi g‡a¨ Luy‡R hw` †mB Avw`g gvbyl‡ì nvo‡Mvo Avi cv_‡ii nvwZqvi cvIqv hvq| h_vixwZ LyuR‡Z ïiy K‡i w`j| mv‡_ Zvi cuvP eQ‡ii †QvU †g‡q| †m Aek¨ AZme †ev‡S bv| †m †eiy‡jv evevi nvZ a‡i GKUzLvwb Ny‡i Avm‡Z| ¸nvq Xz‡K evev‡Zv Szu‡K c‡o nvo‡Mvo Avi nvwZqvi LyuR‡Z †j‡M †M‡jb| wKš‘ IBUzKz †g‡qwUi Gme e¨vcvi fv‡jv jvMj bv| †m GKUv †gvgevwZ nv‡Z wb‡q ¸nvi g‡a¨ GKUz AvaUz Gw`K Iw`K Ny‡i †eov‡Z jvMj| Nyi‡Z Nyi‡Z nVvr Zvi †PvL coj ¸nvUvi GK RvqMvq| Avi m‡½ m‡½ †g‡qwU wPrKvi K‡i e‡j DVj evev, luvo! luvo! †g‡qi wPrKvi ï‡b evev Qy‡U G‡jb, fve‡jb ¸nvi g‡a¨ mwZ¨B wK lvuo †ewi‡q‡Q? bv| wVK luvo bq| Zey wVK luv‡oi g‡ZvB| luv‡oi Qwe| †QvU GB †g‡qwUi Avwe®‹v‡ii K_v RvbvRvwb n‡q †Mj| eo eo cwÛ‡Ziv IB AvjZvwgiv ¸nvq wM‡q nvwRi| Zvici Pjj cÖvq †lv‡jv eQi a‡i cwÛZ gn‡j IB luv‡oi Qwe wb‡q GK ZK©-weZK©, M‡elYv| Avw`g gvby‡li AuvKv cÖ_g †h Qwe Avwe®‹vi n‡qwQj Zvi eqm cÖvq wek nvRvi eQi| †¯ú‡bi AvjZvwgiv, d«v‡Ýi jvgy‡Z Ges jvm‡Kv ce©Z¸nvq cvIqv †M‡Q Gi Aw —Z¡| Rxeb-hvcb I Rxebavi‡Yi ZvwM‡` Zviv Qwe AvuKvI wk‡L‡Q| Zviv g‡bi fve cÖKvk K‡i‡Q Bkvivq, wewfbœ wPý Gu‡K| Ggb mgq 1895-G †¯ú‡b Avwe®‹vi n‡jv AviI GKwU ¸nv| †mLv‡bi ¸nvi †`qv‡j Avwe®‹…Z n‡jv Zv‡ì A‡bK AuvKv-†RvKv| Kviv AuvKj Gme Qwe? wbðqB †mB cÖvPxb hy‡Mi gvby‡liv| †mB Avw`g gvby‡livB fve cÖKv‡ki gva¨g wn‡m‡e cÖ_g Qwei eënvi ïi“ K‡iwQj|


cvV : 2 d«vÝ, †¯cb, DËi Avwd«Kv cÖf„wZ †`‡ki AviI A‡bK Avw`g gvby‡li AuvKv ¸nvwPÎ cvIqv wM‡q‡Q| Avi cwÛ‡Ziv wn‡me-cËi K‡i e‡j‡Qb †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Qwei eqm wLª÷c~e© 10,000 †_‡K 30,000 ch©š— nIqv m¤¢e|

GB MíwUi ga¨ †_‡K Avgiv Rvb‡Z cvijvg fve cÖKv‡ki cÖ_g evnb wn‡m‡e Avw`g gvbyl Qwe‡KB †e‡Q wb‡qwQj| AvR‡Ki c„w_exi ey‡K bvbvb †`k, bvbvb †`‡k bvbvb ai‡bi gvbyl Avevi Zv‡ì fvlvI wfbœ wfbœ| GKRb gvby‡li c‡¶ KL‡bv Rvbv m¤¢e n‡q D‡V bv Hme fvlv| wKš—y †mB †`‡ki Rxeb, cwi‡ek I cÖK…wZ wb‡q hw` †Kv‡bv Qwe AuvKv nq Zvn‡j AwZ mn‡RB †mB Qwe †`‡L †mB †`k m¤c‡K© Rvbv hv‡e| g‡b Ki Avgv‡ì †`‡k †Kv‡bv Drme Dcj‡¶ Rvcvb, Pxb mn AviI A‡bK †`‡ki wkïiv mg‡eZ n‡q‡Q| ï‡f”Qv wewbgq nq‡Zv Avgiv mevB mevi mv‡_ Ki‡Z cvie| wKš—y wbR wbR †`‡ki cwi‡ek, cvwicvwk¦©KZv, Rxeb-hvcb, ms¯‹…wZ BZ¨vw` welq¸‡jv hw` Avgiv wbR wbR fvlvq e¨³ Kwi Zvn‡j fvlv bv Rvbvi Kvi‡Y Zv Rvb‡Z cvie bv| hw` Avgiv wb‡Ri †`‡ki cwi‡ek, cÖK…wZ, Rxeb I ms¯‹…wZi wel‡q Qwe AvuwK Zvn‡j †mB Qwei eY©bvi gv‡S Avgiv cÖwZwU †`‡ki mvwe©K GKUv wPÎ cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Qwei gv‡S dzwU‡q Zz‡j †mB †`‡ki Rxebaviv, ms¯‹…wZ I cvi¯úwiK fve-wewbg‡q wb‡R‡ì gv‡S my-m¤úK© ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie|


Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

11

ZvB GKgvÎ Qwe ev wPÎKjvi fvlv w`‡q c„w_exi †h †Kv‡bv †`k, †h †Kv‡bv RvwZ, †h †Kv‡bv gvby‡li ms¯‹…wZ I cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek Avgiv mn‡RB eyS‡Z cvwi Avi G Kvi‡YB ejv †h‡Z cv‡i wPÎKjvB n‡”Q Avš—R©vwZK fvlv|

KvR: mK‡j fvwe AvuKv †h Avš—R©vwZK fvlv `kwU ev‡K¨ wj‡L Rvbv‡Z n‡e|

cvV : 3 c„w_exi weL¨vZ wkíx I wkíKg © Avw`g Kvj †_‡K AvR ch©š— KZ wkíx KZ kZ Qwe Gu‡K‡Q| ¸nvwP‡Îi †mBme wkíxi bvg †hgb Avgv‡ì ARvbv i‡q †M‡Q| †Zgwb cieZx© mg‡q KZ †`‡k KZ wkíx Qwe Gu‡K‡Q| †mBme wkíxi gvS †_‡K †KD †KD Zuv‡ì wkím„wó w`‡q RMr weL¨vZ n‡q‡Qb| GB Dcgnv‡`‡kI A‡bK e‡iY¨ wkíx wkím„wó K‡i wPÎKjvi BwZnv‡m Avmb K‡i wb‡q‡Qb| Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ we‡klfv‡e D‡j −L‡hvM¨ n‡jb- iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi, MM‡b›`ªbv_ VvKzi, Aebx› ªbv_ VvKzi, hvwgbx ivq, b›`jvj emy cÖgyL| †Zgwb Avgv‡ì †`‡ki cw_K…r wkíx‡ì g‡a¨ Av‡Qb wkívPvh© Rqbyj Av‡ew`b, Kvgi“j nvmvb, Gm Gg myjZvb, Av‡bvqviyj nK| Zuv‡ì cieZx© mg‡q †h mKj ¯^bvgab¨ wkíx G hvÎv‡K Ae¨vnZ †i‡L‡Qb Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ D‡j−L‡hvM¨ n‡jb- wKewiqv, Avwgbyj Bmjvg, nvwg yi ingvb, gyZ©Rv ekxi, gy —vdv g‡bvqvi, ekxi †PŠayix, KvDqyg †PŠayix, Avãyi iv¾vK, Ave yj ev‡mZ, †è`vm PµeZ©x, wbZzb KzÛy, nv‡kg Lvb, iwdKzbbex, gwbiyj Bmjvg cÖgyL|

c„w_ex‡Z †h mKj wkíx Zuv‡ì wPÎKjv I fv¯‹h© w`‡q weL¨vZ n‡q‡Qb- Zuv‡ì K‡qKR‡bi Rxeb I Zuv‡ì wkíKg© m¤ú‡K© Gev‡i Rvbe| cvV : 4 wjIbv‡ ©v `¨ wfwÂ ( 1452-1519) BUvwji †d¬v‡iÝ †_‡K cÖvq lvU gvBj ~‡i wfjwU bvgK GKwU ¶z ª kn‡i 1452 Lªxóv‡ã AvbwPAv‡bv bvgK MÖv‡g wjIbv‡ ©vi Rb¥ nq| wcZv cvB‡iv `v wfwÂ GKRb wewkó weËkvjx| Zvui gvZvi bvg K¨vUwibv| AUzU ¯^v¯’¨ I i~‡ci AwaKvix wQj GB wkï| wcZv cvB‡iv cy‡Îi DbœwZi Rb¨ me©‡Zvfv‡e †Póv Ki‡Zb| wecyj Hk¦h© I cÖvPz‡h©i g‡a¨ wjIbv‡ ©v cÖwZcvwjZ I †e‡o D‡V‡Qb| `yt‡Li mv‡_ Zvi cwiPq nqwb KLbI| †h mgq wjIbv‡ ©vi Rb¥ n‡qwQj ZLb BUvwji †i‡bmuv‡mi c~Y© mgq| GB mgq BD‡iv‡c GK êc −weK hyM Avi¤¢ n‡qwQj|


Ak¦v‡ivnY, m½xZ, wPÎ, weÁvb, wPwKrmv, ’vcZ¨ I MwYZkv‡ ¿ wQj wjIbv‡ ©vi Mfxi AbyivM| wfwÂ Zvi Qwei bvbv w`K wb‡q cix¶v-wbix¶v Pvwj‡q †h‡Z jvM‡jb| AvKv‡k Doš— cvwL‡ì MwZ, fvimvg¨ I w`K cwieZ©b j¶ K‡i wZwb eZ©gvb hy‡Mi D‡ovRvnv‡Ri AvK…wZwewkó GK h‡š¿i cwiKíbv K‡iwQ‡jb| AsK‡b gvbe †`‡ni †mŠ›`h© m„wó‡Z h_vh_ Dcvq Luy‡R †c‡Z g„Z‡`n †K‡U cix¶v-wbix¶v K‡i †`L‡ZI ev` iv‡Lb wb| wkíKjvi BwZnvm QvovI Ab¨vb¨ w`K w`‡q Zuvi †h M‡elYv wQj Zv cieZ©xKv‡j weÁv‡bi eû Avwe®‹v‡i f~wgKv †i‡L‡Q| bvbv wel‡q AmsL¨ AsKb wZwb †i‡L †M‡Qb|

weÁv‡bi wewfbœ w`‡K wZwb cÖPzi M‡elYv K‡i‡Qb| Zvi wPš—v‡PZbvi dm‡ji m~Î †_‡KB cieZx©Kv‡ji AvKvkhvb, ’jhvb I Rjhv‡bi Rb¥, hv AvaywbK we‡k¦i we¯§q|

Zuvi RMrweL¨vZ wkíK‡g©i g‡a¨ †gvbvwjmv GKLvwb weL¨vZ wPÎKg©| QwewU GLb jyfï cÖvmv` wgDwRqv‡gi m¤úwË| Gi ˆ`N© wZbdzU, cÖ ’ yBdzU| GB gwnjv BUvwji dv‡Âv‡¯‹v †`j RK‡›`v bvgK GK e¨w³i cuwPk eQi eq¯‹v cZœx| Zvi gy‡Li †mB inm¨gq nvwm AvRI Avgv‡ì †KŠZ~njx K‡i| GQvovI Zuvi AviI weL¨vZ Qwe¸‡jvi g‡a¨ D‡j−L‡hvM¨ n‡jv- G¨v‡Wv‡ikb Ae `¨ wKsm, fvwR©b Ae `¨ iKm, g¨v‡Wvbv, wkï I †m›Æ A¨vwb| 1519 wLª÷v‡ã 2 †g, 67 eQi eq‡m GB gnvb wkíx wjIbv‡ ©v gnvcÖ ’vb K‡ib|

KvR: wjIbv‡ ©v `¨ wfwÂ wK ïay wPÎwkíx? Zuvi Avi Kx Kx cwiPq Av‡QÑ mK‡j 6wU ev‡K¨ wj‡L †`LvI|

wkíx wj‡Ibv‡`©v `¨ wfwÂ

wkíxi AuvKv Qwe Ô†gvbvwjmvÕ


Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

13

cvV : 4 gvB‡Kj G‡Ä‡jv (1475-1564)

1475 wLª÷v‡ã †d¬v‡i‡Ýi wbKUeZx© K¨v‡mj K¨vcwiR bvgK GKwU ¶z ª kn‡i gvB‡Kj G‡Ä‡jvi Rb¥ nq| wZwb wQ‡jb eûgyLx cÖwZfvi AwaKvix| GKvav‡i wPÎKjv fv¯‹h© ’vcZ¨ I Kjvwe`¨vi cÖwZ cy‡Îi AvKl©Y j¶ K‡i wcZv cyÎ‡K 13 eQi eq‡m Mxij¨vÛvI Gi wbKU wkíwk¶vi Rb¨ †cÖiY K‡ib| GLv‡b wZwb gvÎ wZb eQi wk¶v MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| Mxij¨vÛvI Gi wbKU AvMg‡bi c~e© †_‡KB fv¯‹‡h© gvB‡Kj G‡Ä‡jvi h‡_ó `¶Zv wQj| GLv‡b fv¯‹h© wPÎ I ’vcZ¨ wel‡qI wZwb Ávb jvf K‡ib|

gvby‡li Qwe AvuKvq fv¯‹h© m„wó‡Z Ges Zvi wbLuyZ my›`i jveY¨ dzwU‡q Zzj‡ZI wZwb wQ‡jb AmvaviY| gvB‡Kj G‡Ä‡jvi Rxeb wjIbv‡ ©vi b¨vq my‡L AwZevwnZ nqwb| K‡Vvi cwikÖ‡gi g‡a¨ wZwb wk¶v, AwfÁZv, A_© I hk AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb| wkíx Rxe‡bi wewfbœ NvZ-cÖwZNvZ

wb‡q †kl Rxeb ch©š— ytLB †c‡q‡Qb| ZeyI wb‡Ri m„wói Dci Mfxi AvZ¥wek¦vm I kÖ×v‡eva wQj Zuvi| gvbe †`‡ni gvsm‡ckxi Mob, MwZ-cÖK…wZi Avmj i~c †`Lvi Rb¨ wkíx wjIbv‡`©v `¨ wfwÂi g‡Zv wZwbI g„Z‡`n‡K †K‡U †`‡L‡Qb| †m AwfÁZvi dj Zvi AvuKv Qwe ev fv¯‹‡h© bRi w`‡j mn‡RB †evSv hvq| wkíK‡g© wZwb gvbe †`‡ni cÖwZwU A½ ev Ask h_vh_fv‡e dzwU‡q Zzj‡Zb| gvB‡Kj G‡Ä‡jv Qwei †P‡q fv¯‹h© Kg©‡KB AwaK cQ›` Ki‡Zb Ges fv¯‹h© K‡g©i Rb¨B wZwb AwaK weL¨vZ| g~wZ© wj avZz I cÖ —‡i wbwg©Z n‡Zv| Zuvi wc‡qUv fv¯‹h© RM‡Z GK Awebk¦i m„wó| GB g~wZ©wU GLb †iv‡gi †m›U wcUvm© wMR©vi m¤úwË| †WwfW g~wZ©wU †d¬v‡i‡Ýi GKv‡Wwg‡Z Av‡Q| eÛ †úf Av‡Q jyf¨i wgDwRqv‡g|

ïay fv¯‹h© m„wó‡ZB bq, wPÎv¼‡bI wZwb wQ‡jb mgvbv`| f¨vwUK¨v‡bi wmmUvBb

wkíx gvB‡Kj G‡Ä‡jv

wkíxi weL¨vZ fv¯‹h© Ôjv-wc‡qUvÕ


P¨v‡c‡ji Qv‡` Ges †`qv‡ji Mv‡q gvB‡Kj G‡Ä‡jv †h †d«m‡Kv Gu‡KwQ‡jb Zuvi †m KvR¸‡jv AvRI mK‡j we¯§q wb‡q †`‡L| GLv‡bi wPÎKjvi my›ì i~c w`‡Z wZwb fv¯‹‡h©i AvKvi AvK…wZ I Kjv-†KŠkj eënvi K‡i‡Qb| A_©vr g~wZ© wbg©v‡Yi g‡Zv †mLv‡bI †Zgwb gvbe †`‡ni †mŠ›`h© dzwU‡q Zz‡j‡Qb| gvB‡Kj Zuvi Kv‡R c~‡e©i cÖPwjZ wbqg-Kvbyb, a¨vb-aviYv me e`‡j w`‡jb| Zuvi wkíK‡g© m„wó Ki‡jb bZzb PgK| wZwbB me© cÖ_g wkíx, whwb †mŠg¨ `k©b hye‡Ki i~c jve‡Y¨ m„wó K‡i‡Qb wPÎKjv Ges fv¯‹‡h© †cÖwiZ bex gnvcyiyl‡ì| Zuvi G iKg wkíKg© ‡jv AZzjbxq Ges i~c jveY¨ I cÖvY cÖvPz‡h© ficyi| Av`g‡K Rxeb `v‡bi wPÎwU wmmUvBb P¨v‡c‡ji Qv‡` AvuKv i‡q‡Q Zv‡Z Av‡Q Avðh©RbK ì` m„wói cwiPq| jv÷ RvR‡g›U QwewU Gu‡KwQ‡jb cieZx©Kv‡j hv A_©en bq G‡Kev‡i wmmUvBb P¨v‡c‡ji †fZ‡ii As‡k GK Abe`¨ m„wó| Zuvi GB Ac~e© m„wó Kv‡Ri aviv g‡bv‡jvfv i~cvqY Zvi mg‡qi †h †Kv‡bv wkíxi †P‡q †ewk cÖfve †d‡jwQj cieZx© wkíxM‡Yi wkí m„wói Dci| gvB‡Kj G‡Ä‡jv wQ‡jb wPiKzgvi| mvay-mbœ vmx‡ì b¨vq Rxeb-hvcb K‡iwQ‡jb| †kl eq‡m wkíx gvB‡Kj AZ¨š— wLUwL‡U n‡jI RbmvaviY Zuvi cÖwZfvi Rb¨ Zuv‡K kÖ×v KiZ| 1564 wLª÷v‡ãi 12 †deªyqvwi G‡Ä‡jv weL¨vZ wc‡qUv g~wZ©i cv‡qi †h wKQy KvR evwK wQj †mUzKz m¤úbœ Ki‡Z wM‡q R¡‡i Avµvš— nb| 17 ZvwiL Wv³v‡ii civg‡k© Zuv‡K †Rvi K‡i weQvbvq ïB‡q †`qv nq| ZLb c~Y©Áv‡b GKUv DBj Kivi K_v e‡jb| Zv‡Z †jLv nq ÔAvgvi AvZ¥v Ck¦‡ii Rb¨ iBj, †`n iBj c„w_exi Rb¨Õ †ejv cvuPUvq GB gnvb wkíx 89 eQi eq‡m ci‡jvK Mgb K‡ib| cvV : 5 ivdv‡qj mvbwRI (1483-1520)

i¨v‡dj Aviwe‡bv bvgK GKwU cve©Z¨ kn‡i 1483 wLª÷v‡ã ¸W d«vB‡W wZw_‡Z ivwÎ 9Uvq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| ivdv‡q‡ji wcZv wRIfvwb `¨ mvbwZI wQ‡jb GKRb wPÎwkíx I ms¯‹…wZm¤úbœ gvbyl| ivdv‡qj wcZvi Kv‡QB Qwe AuvKvi cÖ_g Abykxjb Avi¤¢ K‡ib Ges `k eQi eq‡m wZwb wcZvi AvuKv Qwei Dci Zzwj Pvjv‡bvi AwaKvi jvf K‡ib| wcZv wRIfvwb cy‡Îi †lvj eQi eq‡m Zuv‡K ZrKvjxb L¨vwZgvb wkíx †ciyRx‡bi wbKU †cÖiY K‡ib| gvÎ wZb eQ‡i †mLv‡b Zuvi GKvMÖZv Ges Aaëmv‡qi d‡j Lye Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ wkíxmgv‡R Zuvi bvg Qwo‡q c‡o| ivdv‡q‡ji m‡e©v”P g~jëvb D™¢veb n‡jv Qwe AvuKvi welqe ‘i h_vh_ mwVKfv‡e mvRv‡bv| GKgvÎ Zvi wkíK‡g© G g~jëvb DcvqwU †`Lv †hZ| Avi Kv‡iv wPÎKjvq hv †`Lv hvq bv|


Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

15

ivdv‡qj wQ‡jb GKRb AwZ i~cevb cyiyl| Pwi‡ÎI †Zgwb f ªZv, bgªZv, webq, kvjxbZv, I c‡ivcKvix wQ‡jb| GKevi whwb GB wkíxi ms¯ú‡k© Avm‡Zb wZwbB Avbw›`Z n‡Zb| †hŠe‡bi cÖ_‡g hk I A_© yB wZwb †c‡qwQ‡jb| wKš—y hk ev A‡_©i †gvn Zuvi ^fve‡K KLbI cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| ivdv‡qj I wjIbv‡ ©vi yB gnvb wkíxB wQ‡jb cig †KŠZ‚njcÖeY| we‡k¦i inm¨ D`NvU‡b GKRb wQ‡jb M‡elK Aciw`‡K ivdv‡qj wQ‡jb mZ¨ AbymÜv‡b hZœkxj|

†i‡bmuvm hy‡M wjIbv‡ ©v gvB‡Kj G‡Ä‡jv I ivdv‡qj GB wZb gnvb wkíx êÁvwbK „wófw½ w`‡q Qwe AvuKv Avi¤¢ K‡ib| Zuviv Av‡jvQvqv I cwi‡cªw¶Z Abykxjb K‡i cieZx© †i‡bmuvm wPÎixwZi g‡a¨ bZzb `xwß `vb K‡iwQ‡jb|

Zuvi weL¨vZ wkí m„wói g‡a¨ cÖvš—‡i Dcweó g¨v‡Wvbv QwewU †mŠ›`‡h©i AZzjbxq m„wó| ivdv‡q‡ji mvaK Rxeb m¤^‡Ü GKwU my›ì Mí cÖPwjZ Av‡Q| †ivg

bMi hLb ivdv‡q‡ji RqMv‡b gyLwiZ ZLb Zuvi kÎ“c¶ Zuv‡K nZ¨v Kivi Rb¨ NvZK wbhy³ K‡iwQj| ivdv‡qj N‡ii ìRv †Lvjv †i‡LB gvZ…g~wZ© QwewU ZLb AvuKwQ‡jb| NvZKØq Qwe AvuKv †`‡L Zv‡ì D‡Ïk¨ fz‡j hvb| wkíxI Zvi ¯fvemyjffv‡e Lye hZœ I Avc¨vqb K‡i Zv‡ì wbKU Qwei e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| NvZKØq ivdv‡q‡ji eënv‡i GZB Awff‚Z nb †h Zv‡ì cvc D‡Ï‡kï K_v cÖKvk K‡i ¶gv wf¶v †P‡q cÖ ’vb K‡ib|

1520 mv‡j gvÎ 37 eQi eq‡m ¸W d«vB‡W wZw_‡Z (Rb¥w`‡b) ax‡i ax‡i GB gnvb wkíx ci‡jvK Mgb K‡ib|

KvR : ivdv‡q‡ji ^fve I cÖK…wZ wb‡q `kwU ev‡K¨ mK‡j wj‡L †`LvI|

wkíxi AuvKv Qwe Ôg¨v‡WvbvÕ


bgybv cÖkœ

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1. wjIbv‡`v© `¨ wfwÂ Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib-

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3. cÖvš—‡i Dcweó g¨v‡Wvbv QwewU Kvi AuvKv?

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4. Avw`g gvby‡li AuvKv cÖ_g Qwe †h Qwe Avwe®‹vi n‡qwQj- AvbygvwbK Zv-

K) cÖvq- 10 nvRvi eQi Av‡M L) 20 nvRvi eQi Av‡M

M) 30 nvRvi eQi Av‡M N) 40 nvRvi eQi Av‡M|

5. AvjZvwgiv ¸nvwU-

K) d«v‡Ý L) †¯ú‡b

M) Rvg©v‡b N) Rvcv‡b

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wjIbv‡`v© `¨ wfwÂ, wc‡qUv g~wZ©, wkï I †m›U A¨vwb, ivdv‡qj, gvB‡Kj G‡Ä‡jv, cÖvš—‡i Dcweó g¨v‡Wvbv|


Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

17

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

MÖx‡®§i QzwU‡Z mvwgqv Avi wmdvZ evev-gvi mv‡_ Rvcvb cÖevmx dydzi Kv‡Q †eov‡Z †Mj| Rvcv‡bi cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek Zv‡ì fxlY fv‡jv jvMj| dzdz‡ì cÖwZ‡ekx ÔmyÕ bv‡gi GKRb mgeqmx †Q‡ji mv‡_ Zv‡ì eÜzZ¡ n‡jv|

(K) mvwgqv I wmdvZ †Kv_vq †eov‡Z †Mj?

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m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki|

(N) ÔwPÎKjv me©Kv‡j me gvby‡li fvlvÕ eY©bv Ki|


Z…Zxq Aa¨vq

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evsjv‡`‡ki †jvKwkí I Kviywk‡íi Qwe

G Aa¨vq cov †kl Ki‡j AvgivÑ

• evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb K‡qKwU †jvKwk‡íi weeiY w`‡Z cvie| • evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb K‡qKwU Kviywk‡íi eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie| • †jvKwkí I Kviywk‡íi eënvwiK †¶Îmg~‡ni eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie| • Avgv‡ì ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b †jvKwkí I Kviywk‡íi f~wgKv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie| • wb‡Ri ¯‹z‡j †jvKwkí I Kviywk‡íi ZvwjKv w`‡q GKwU †cv÷vi ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie|

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

19

cvV : 1

evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb K‡qKwU †jvKwkí

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Avjcbv


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mivwPÎ

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cU

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j²xmiv

evsjv‡`‡ki †jvKwkí I Kvi“wkí

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

21

GB cU¸‡jvi ycÖv‡š— ywU KvwV jvwM‡q Zvi mv‡_ Rwo‡q ivLv n‡Zv| Kvc‡oi Ici KvMR jvwM‡q Zvi Ici wPÎ AvuKv n‡Zv| ZvQvov Kvc‡oi Ici AvVv‡jv is w`‡qI wPÎ AvuKv n‡Zv| MÖv‡g wKQz †jvK GB cU wb‡q Ny‡i Ny‡i c‡Ui Mí my›ì myi K‡i eY©bv K‡ib| †Q‡j-ey‡ov I †g‡qiv mevB wfo K‡i Gme c‡Ui Mí-Kvwnbx †kv‡bb Ges Lye Avb›` cvb| †PŠK cU †QvU AvKv‡ii KvM‡Ri Ici AvuKv wPÎ| mvaviYZ 1 dzU j¤^v I 6 †_‡K 8 BwÂ PIov nq|

G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ KvjxNv‡Ui cU wQj weL¨vZ| KvjxNv‡Ui c‡Ui welqe ‘i êwPÎ¨ I wkígvb wQj AmvaviY| G¸‡jv‡Z mgv‡Ri wewfbœ †kªwY I †ckvi gvby‡li Rxeb-hvc‡bi fv‡jv-g›` w`K, mvgvwRK AvPvi-AbvPvi I wewfbœ Abyôvb BZ¨vwì wPÎvqb Kiv n‡Zv| g„Z e¨w³i ^M©cÖvwßi Rb¨ P¶z vb cU bv‡g GKiKg cU AvuK‡Zb cUzqviv| g„Z e¨w³i P¶zwenxb Qwe Gu‡K AvZ¥xq- ^R‡bi KvQ †_‡K Dchy³ cvwikªwg‡Ki wewbg‡q Zv‡Z †PvL Gu‡K †`qv n‡Zv| hv‡Z K‡i †m ^‡M©i c_ †`L‡Z cvq| cvV : 3

bKwkKuv_v

bKwkKuv_v evsjv‡`‡ki †jvKwk‡íi me‡P‡q AvKl©Yxq wb`k©b| kxZKv‡j Mv‡q †`qvi Rb¨ Kvco K‡qK ciZ GKm‡½ mvwR‡q Kuv_v †mjvB Kiv nq| Gi g‡a¨ wKQz Kuv_v ˆZwi Kiv nq bvbv i‡Oi myZvq, bvbviKg bKkv K‡i| A‡bK bKkv w`‡q †h Kuv_v †mjvB nq †mUvB n‡jv bKwkKuv_v| Muv‡qi †g‡qiv Kv‡Ri Aem‡i w`‡bi ci w`b †L‡U myuB-myZvq, is-†ei‡Oi Qwe I bKkv Kuv_vq dzwU‡q †Zv‡j| GBme Qwe‡Z _v‡K A‡bK Mí, A‡bK Kvwnbx| Muv‡qi ea~ Zvi wb‡Ri Rxe‡bi myL- yt‡Li K_v myuB-myZvi Qwei ga¨ w`‡q dzwU‡q †Zv‡j| GK-GKwU Kuv_v evbv‡Z GK eQi, KLbI KLbI yB eQi mgq †cwi‡q

MvRxi cU

bKwkKuv_v


hvq| GK-GKwU Kuv_vi wkí ˆbcyY¨ †`‡L wew¯§Z n‡Z nq| Kuv_v‡Z †hme bKkv _v‡K Zv n‡jv- dzj, cvZv, MvQ-cvjv, cÙ, Puv`, Zviv, cvwL, gvQ, bvbviKg RxeRš—y GgbwK Ni-evwo BZ¨vw`| Avevi wKQz wKQz Kuv_v‡Z †iLv, e„Ë, †MvjvKvi Ni, wZb‡Kvbv Ni Gme Av`j evievi Nywi‡q wdwi‡q eënvi Kiv nq| GKB Av`j ev bKkvi evievi eënvi‡K Ô†gvwUdÕ e‡j| eënvwiK w`K †_‡K bKwkKuv_v‡K wewfbœ †kªwY‡Z fvM Kiv hvq| †hgbÑ

myRwb‡c‡o, †jcKuv_v, Pvì Kuv_v, RvqbvgvR, Avmb Kuv_v, cvjwKi Kuv_v, iygvj Kuv_v BZ¨vw`| evsjv‡`‡k bKwkKuv_v †mjvB‡qi `ywU g~javiv ev ivxwZ Av‡Q| Zvi GKwU n‡jv h‡kvi ixwZ, Ab¨wU ivRkvnx ixwZ| ZvQvovI PÆMÖvg, Lyjbv, dwi`cyi cÖf„wZ AÂ‡jI bKwkKuv_vi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ aviv Av‡Q| h‡kvi AÂ‡ji bKwkKuv_v evsjv‡`‡ki kxl© ’v‡b Aew ’Z| G AÂ‡ji Kuv_vi †duvo AZ¨š— m~², is iywPm¤§Z| MÖvgxY †gjvq GB Kuv_v †Kv‡bvw`b wewµ nq bv| wb‡R‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ GB Kuv_v ˆZwi nq| Z‡e Ac‡ii digv‡m cvwikªwg‡Ki wewbg‡qI bKwkKuv_v ˆZwi Kiv nq| AvRKvj kn‡ii Kviywk‡íi †`vKv‡b bKwkKuv_v †ePv‡Kbv n‡Z †`Lv hvq| GgbwK we‡`‡ki evRv‡iI Avgv‡ì GB HwZnëvnx wk‡íi weµq n‡q _v‡K| †cvovgvwUi djKwPÎ ev †Uiv‡KvUv

†cvovgvwUi djK evsjv‡`‡ki Avw` HwZnëvnx †jvKwkí Ges LyeB weL¨vZ| ga¨hy‡M wewfbœ feb I ’vcbv‡Z, we‡kl K‡i gw›ì, gmwR` BZ¨vwì †`qv‡j G djKwPÎ eënvi Kiv n‡Zv| †cvovgvwUi djKwPÎ ev Terracotta n‡”Q gvwUi cvUvZ‡bi ev dj‡Ki mgvb Rwg‡bi Dci Qwe ev bKkv DuPz DuPz n‡q _v‡K Ggb wiwjd IqvK©| GUv evbv‡bvi Rb¨ cÖ_‡g KuvPv gvwU w`‡q djK¸‡jv ˆZwi K‡i Zvici cywo‡q †bqv nq| ZvB G¸‡jv‡K e‡j †cvovgvwUi djK| e¸ovi gnv ’vbM‡o Z_v cÖvPxb cyÛª bMixi cÖZœZvwË¡K Lb‡b evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q cÖvPxbZg djKwPÎ cvIqv †M‡Q| gnv¯’vbM‡oi Ges w`bvRcy‡ii Kvš—Rx gw›`‡ii djKwP‡Îi welqe ‘ bibvix I †è-†èx| Ab¨w`‡K cvnvocyi I Kzwgj−vi gqbvgwZi djK¸‡jv‡Z ZrKvjxb mgvR I wbm‡M©i Qwe cvIqv hvq| evNv gmwR‡ì ev Uv½vB‡ji Avw`bv gmwR‡ì djKwP‡Îi welqe ‘ dzj, jZv-cvZv I R¨vwgwZK bKkv| wKš—y eZ©gv‡b AvaywbK wewfbœ welq I AvK…wZ wb‡q †Uiv‡KvUv ˆZwi n‡”Q| wewfbœ Awdm I evmv-evwoi Af¨š—ixY mvR m¾v I fe‡bi evB‡ii †mŠ›`h© e„w×i Rb¨ GLb cÖPzi †Uiv‡KvUv eënvi Kiv n‡”Q|

†Uiv‡KvUv


Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

23

cvV : 4

evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb K‡qKwU Kviywkí

evsjv‡`‡ki wbZëënvh© wewfbœ wRwbm †hgb- `v, Kzovj, Lš—v, KuvwP, huvZx, jv½‡ji djv, nuvwo, cvwZj, Kjwm, gUKv, Zvgv, Kuvmv-wcZ‡ji A‡bK wRwbm Ges †bŠKv, wiKkv, LvU-cvj¼, ìRv BZ¨vw`‡Z †mŠ›`h© Av‡iv‡ci Rb¨ Gm‡ei Mv‡q AvuPo †K‡U, †Lv`vB K‡i, KL‡bvev Avjv`v K‡i jvwM‡q jZv, cvZv, dzj, cvwL, wewfbœ RxeRš—y BZ¨vwì Qwe ev bKkv AvuKv nq| KviyKvR Kiv Gme eënvh© mvgMÖx‡K Avgiv Kviywkí ewj| Avgv‡ì †`‡k eû cÖKvi Kviywkí Avgiv eënvi Kwi| Zvi g‡a¨ D‡j−L‡hvM¨ K‡qKwU Kviywkí m¤ú‡K© GLv‡b Avgiv Rvbe|

wiKkv evsjv‡`‡ki my›ì Kviywkí wn‡m‡e wiKkv †`‡k I we‡`‡k L¨vwZ AR©b K‡i‡Q| wZb PvKv wewkó wiKkv †Pnviv I AvK…wZi w`K †_‡K GKwU wkíKg©| Z ycwi euvk, c−vw÷K I Kvco w`‡q dzj, cvZv, cvwLi bKkv †K‡U †mjvB K‡i wiKkv‡K my›ìfv‡e mvwR‡q †Zvjv nq| wiKkvi n¨v‡Û‡ji ycv‡k KLbI KLbI ywU dzj`vwb ’vcb K‡i Zv‡Z c −vw÷‡Ki dzj jvMv‡bv nq| Avevi û‡Wi Pvicv‡k iwOb SzbSzwb Szwj‡q mvRv‡bv nq| G‡Z

K‡i wiKkv Pjvi mgq SzbSzwbi Q›`gq kã nq| cÖwZwU wiKkvi wm‡Ui †cQb w`‡K my›ì Qwe Gu‡K Zv jvwM‡q †`qv nq| mewgwj‡q wiKkv GKwU AvKl©Yxq Kviywkí| †bŠKv b`xgvZ…K evsjv‡`‡k †bŠKv AZ¨š— cwiwPZ GKwU evnb| GwU ïay Rjc‡_i wbf©i‡hvM¨ I eûj eëüZ evnbB bq eis Avgv‡ì Kviywk‡íiI D¾¡j wb`k©b| †bŠKvi †Pnviv I Mo‡bi w`K †_‡K †hgb wkí ˆbcyY¨ i‡q‡Q, Ggwb KvV †Lv`vB K‡i †bŠKvi Mv‡q A‡bK KviyKvR Kiv nq| †bŠKv Zvi †Pnvivi Kvi‡Y wfbœ wfbœ bv‡g cwiwPZ| †hgb- Mqbv, cvbwm, eRiv, †Kvkv, mvi½, mv¤úvb, Øxc, †R‡jbvI BZ¨vw`| AZx‡Z gq~ic•Lx, wUqv‡VuvwU cÖf„wZ bv‡gi

wiKkv

wewfbœ iK‡gi †bŠKv


†bŠKv wQj| MjyB I Ab¨vb¨ As‡ki Mob gq~i, wUqv BZ¨vw` cvwLi AbyKi‡Y Kiv n‡Zv| †bŠKvi †MvjyB‡Z wcZ‡ji ywU †PvL, wcZj I Gjywgwbqv‡gi cvZ BZ¨vw` ewm‡q †bŠKv AjsK…Z Kiv nq| cÙ, Puv`, Zviv cÖf„wZ †gvwUd Zvi †kvfv ea©b K‡i| cvV : 5

Kv‡Vi †eov I cvj¼

Kv‡Vi ˆZwi †eov I LvU-cvj¼ evsjv‡`‡ki AwZ cÖvPxb Kviywkí| Kv‡Vi †eov‡Z my›ì KviyKvR K‡i Zv‡Z wmsn, nvwZi gyL, cÙ BZ¨vw` †gvwU‡di eënvi Kiv n‡Zv| Kv‡Vi †eov GK`v dwi`cyi AÂ‡ji GKwU RbwcÖq wkí wQj| ìRvi †Zvi‡Yi `ycv‡k jZv-cvZv gvSLv‡b _v‡K ywU wmsn| wmsnØv‡ii HwZn¨ †_‡K G ixwZi cÖeZ©b n‡q‡Q e‡j Abygvb Kiv hvq| Kv‡Vi †eovi g‡Zv Kv‡Vi cvj¼I evsjv‡`‡ki HwZnëvnx Kviywkí| bvbviKg KviyKvh© LwPZ cvj¼ ev LvU eû cÖvPxb Kvj †_‡K G‡`‡ki N‡i N‡i eëüZ n‡q Avm‡Q| AZx‡Z cvj‡¼i cvqv evN-wms‡ni _vevi g‡Zv K‡i †Lv`vB Kiv n‡Zv| KL‡bvev Zv cixi g‡Zv K‡i †Lv`vB Kiv n‡Zv| RvZxq Rv`yN‡i iwZ `ywU cvj‡¼i cvqv, gkvwii ÷¨vÛ cixiv †hb aviY K‡i Av‡Q| ZvQvov Av‡Q jZv-cvZvi wewPÎ AjsKiY| MÖvg AÂ‡j mPivPi GK‡Rvov gq~i w`‡q LvU-cvj‡¼i gv_vi w`‡Ki KvV AjsK…Z Kiv nq|

Kv‡Vi ˆZwi AjsK…Z ìRv

cÖvPxbKvj †_‡KB Kv‡Vi ˆZwi KviyKvh© LwPZ ìRv Avgv‡ì Kviywkí‡K mg„× K‡i‡Q| dzj-jZv-cvZvi bKkv QvovI wmsn, nvwZ cÖf„wZ cÖvYxi gyL †Lv`vB K‡i ìRv AjsK…Z Kiv n‡Zv| myig¨ fe‡bi wekvj AvK…wZi KviyKvh© LwPZ ìRv fe‡bi †mŠ›`h© wØ¸Y K‡i w`Z| GL‡bv †mŠwLb evOvwjiv Zv‡ì evmM„‡n KviyKvh©gq ìRvi eënv‡ii gva¨‡g wb‡R‡ì iywP‡ev‡ai cwiPq †`q| evsjv‡`‡ki AmsL¨ Kviywkí †_‡K Dc‡i gvÎ K‡qKwU wb‡q Av‡jvPbv n‡jv| Avgv‡ì Pvicv‡k Qwo‡q-wQwU‡q _vKv †jvKwkí I Kviywkí m¤ú‡K© Avgiv AviI m‡PZb n‡j G mKj wel‡q AviI Rvb‡Z cvie| evsjv‡`‡ki GK GK AÂ‡j GK GK †jvKwkí I Kviywkí wkí¸‡Yi Rb¨, wbcyY Kv‡Ri Rb¨ I †mŠ›`‡h©i Rb¨ L¨vwZ AR©b K‡i‡Q| †Zvgiv hLb †h Kviywkí ev †jvKwkí nv‡Zi Kv‡Q cv‡e †mwU m¤ú‡K© fv‡jvfv‡e †LuvR-Lei wb‡q †R‡b †b‡e| cvV : 6

evsjv‡`‡k †jvKwkí I Kviywk‡íi eënvwiK †¶Îmg~n

Avgv‡ì ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi wewfbœ †¶‡Î †jvKwkí I Kviywk‡íi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ eënvi i‡q‡Q| hyM hyM a‡i G mg¯— wkí Avgv‡ì Rxe‡b I Z‡cÖvZfv‡e wg‡k Av‡Q| wb‡P wewfbœ †¶‡Î †jvKwkí I Kviywk‡íi eënvi D‡j−L Kiv n‡jv|


Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

25

Rxeb-hvc‡bi wewfbœ †¶‡Î †jvKwk‡íi eënvi

evsjv‡`‡ki †jvKwk‡íi g‡a¨ D‡j −L‡hvM¨ ’vb `Lj K‡i Av‡Q gvwU, KvV I Kvc‡oi ˆZwi bvbviKg iwOb †Ljbv| G¸‡jv wkígv‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ †QvU wkï‡ì †Ljbv wn‡m‡eI Lye RbwcÖq| we‡kl K‡i MÖvgM‡Äi wkïiv Gme gb †fvjv‡bv †Ljbv w`‡qB Zv‡ì iwOb ˆkke cvi K‡i| Avevi cv‡Ui ˆZwi wkKv, †d¬vig¨vU, †Uwejg¨vU BZ¨vwì eënvwiK Dc‡hvwMZv i‡q‡Q| MÖv‡gM‡Ä N‡i N‡i G¸‡jv eënvi Kiv nq| †jvKwk‡íi mePvB‡Z D‡j−L‡hvM¨ I eûj eëüZ Dcv`vbwU bKwkKuv_v| g‡bvig GB wkíwU wkí¸Y I gv‡b †hgb †miv †Zgwb MÖv‡gM‡Ä GgbwK kn‡iI mgvbfv‡e Gi eënvi nq| kx‡Z G Kuv_vi eënvi nq N‡i N‡i| GgbwK †`‡ki evB‡iI Gi RbwcÖqZv I Pvwn`v Av‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K j²xmiv wn› y‡ì j²xc~Rvi GKwU cÖavb DcKiY| †Zgwb Avjcbv, †`qvjwPÎ BZ¨vw` evOvwji Drme Abyôv‡bi Ask n‡q D‡V‡Q| el©eiY, c~Rv, we‡q, Rb¥w`b, Mv‡q njy , knx` wèm mn wewfbœ Abyôv‡b Avjcbv I †`qvjwP‡Îi e¨vcK eënvi Kiv nq| G¸‡jv Abyôvb‡K RuvKRgKc~Y© I iwOb K‡i †Zv‡j|

bKwk wcVv evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvg AÂ‡ji LyeB RbwcÖq GKwU Lvevi| kx‡Z GB wcVv w`‡q AvZ¥xq-¯Rb, eÜz-evÜe‡K Avc¨vqb Kiv nq| Gme bKwk wcVv ïay †`L‡ZB my›ì bq, †L‡ZI my ^v y| evOvwji †h †Kv‡bv Drme, Abyôvb I we‡q GB wcVv Qvov n‡Zv bv| GL‡bv GB wcVv we‡q I mvgvwRK Abyôv‡bi wcÖq Lvevi|

Ab¨w`‡K bKwk cvLvi eënvi Mi‡gi w`‡b MÖv‡gi mv‡_ mv‡_ kn‡iI †`Lv hvq| ga¨hy‡M †Uiv‡KvUv ev †cvovgvwUi djKwPÎ wewfbœ ’vcbv I ag©xq cÖwZôv‡bi †`qv‡j ’vcb Kiv n‡Zv fe‡bi †mŠ›`h© e„w×i Rb¨| eZ©gv‡b AvaywbK welq I cÖK…wZ wb‡q cÖPzi †Uiv‡KvUv Kiv n‡”Q| wewfbœ cÖwZôvb, evmv-evwo BZ¨vw`‡Z G mg — †Uiv‡KvUvi †mŠwLb eënvi w`b w`b evo‡Q| ZvB Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †h, †jvKwkí ïaygvÎ GKwU wkí gva¨g bq eis GwU Avgv‡ì ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi wewfbœ †¶‡Î eënvi n‡q _v‡K| Avgv‡ì Rxeb‡K my›ì I mg„× Kivi Rb¨ †jvKwk‡íi f~wgKv e¨vcK| Rxebhvc‡bi wewfbœ †¶‡Î Kviywk‡íi eënvi †jvKwk‡íi g‡Zv KviywkíI Avgv‡ì Rxebhvc‡bi wewfbœ †¶‡Î IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e RwoZ| Avgiv Rvwb †h, eënvwiK wewfbœ mvgMÖx ev e ‘‡K AjsK…Z Kiv n‡jB †mUv nq Kviywkí| myZivs mn‡RB †evSv hvq †h, mg — KviywkíB Avgv‡ì eënvwiK Kv‡R jv‡M| †hgbÑ euvk, †eZ I Kv‡Vi ˆZwi KviyKvh©gq wewfbœ Avmeve Avgv‡ì M„‡ni †mŠ›`h© †hgb evovq, †Zgwb G¸‡jv Avgv‡ì †kvqv, emv, RvgvKvco msi¶Y, Lvevi ivLv †_‡K wewfbœ Kv‡R eënvi nq| gvwUi ˆZwi KviyKvh©gq wewfbœ nuvwo, cvwZj I evmb-†Kvmb MÖv‡gi mvaviY gvby‡li Ni msmv‡ii cÖavb DcKiY|Avevi Zvgv, Kuvmv I wcZ‡ji ˆZwi wewfbœ bKkv Kiv ˆZRmcÎI Avgiv wewfbœ Kv‡R eënvi Kwi| my›ì AjsKvi I kvwo evsjv‡`‡ki †g‡q‡ì wbZëënvh© mvgMÖx| bKkv Kiv LvU, cvj¼, ìRv, Avjgvwi Gme †hgb Avgv‡ì myiywPi cwiPq †`q †Zgwb ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b Gm‡ei eënvi Acwinvh©| ZvB ejv hvq, Gme wkí Avgv‡ì Rxebhvc‡bi wewfbœ †¶‡Î ¸iyZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q|


bgybv cÖkœ eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1. ÔAvjcbvÕ evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg cÖavb-

K. Kviywkí L. †jvKwkí

M. KzwUiwkí N. `viywkí

2. †PŠKc‡Ui g‡a¨ me‡P‡q weL¨vZ n‡”Q-

K. MvRxicU L. P¶z vbcU

M. KvjxNv‡UicU N. hxïcU

3. evsjv‡`‡ki kxl© ’v‡b Aew ’Z-

K. ivRkvnx AÂ‡ji bKwkKuv_v L. dwi`cyi AÂ‡ji bKwkKuv_v

M. h‡kvi AÂ‡ji bKwkKuv_v N. PÆMÖvg AÂ‡ji bKwkKuv_v

4. evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q cÖvPxb †cvovgvwUi djKwP‡Îi wb`k©b cvIqv †M‡Q-

K. e¸ovi gnv ’vbM‡o L. Kzwgj−vi gqbvgwZ‡Z

M. w`bvRcy‡ii Kvš—Rx gw›`‡i N. ivRkvnxi evNv gmwR‡`

5. Kv‡Vi ˆZwi †eov I LvU-cvj¼ evsjv‡`‡ki AwZcÖvPxb-

K. †jvKwkí L. n —wkí

M. KzwUiwkí N. Kviywkí

wb‡Pi kã¸‡jv cvkvcvwk ewm‡q wgj KiÑ

evg Wvb

Kw¼ bKwkKuv_v

Rov‡bv Kviywkí

myRwb‡c‡o Avjcbv

wiKkv †bŠKv

gq~ic•Lx cU


Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

27

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

Avgv‡ì ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b wewfbœ Kv‡R eëüZ wewfbœ mvgMÖx‡Z †mŠ›`h© Av‡ivc Kivi Rb¨ bvbviKg KviyKvR Kiv nq| G mg — KviyKvR Kiv eënvi mvgMÖx‡K Avgiv ewj Kviywkí| Avgv‡ì †`‡k n‡iK iKg Kviywkí Av‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ euvk, †eZ I Kv‡Vi ˆZwi Kviywkí LyeB weL¨vZ| ZvQvov Zvgv, Kuvmv, wcZj, †mvbv, iycv cÖf„wZ avZzi ˆZwi KviyKvh© LwPZ wewfbœ evmbcÎ I Mqbv Avgv‡ì D‡j −L‡hvM¨ Kviywkí| hvbevnb wn‡m‡e eëüZ wiKkv, wewfbœ ai‡bi †bŠKv I cvjwK Avgv‡ì my›ì Kviywkí|

K. Kviywkí Kv‡K e‡j?

L. KvV w`‡q ˆZwi nq Ggb 5wU Kviywk‡íi bvg †jL|

M. cÖwZw`b Avgiv bvbviKg Kviywkí eënvi KwiÑ mywbw ©ó D`vni‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki|

N. Ômgv‡Ri AMÖMwZi mv‡_ mv‡_ Kviywkí weKvk jvf Ki‡QÕ-we‡k −lY Ki| iPbvg~jK cÖkœ

1. wewfbœ †kªwYwefvM D‡j −L K‡i bKwkKuv_v m¤ú‡K© GKwU weeiY `vI|

2. evsjv‡`‡ki RbwcÖq evnb I my›ì Kviywkí wiKkv m¤ú‡K© GKwU weeiY `vI|


PZz_© Aa¨vq

Qwe AvuKvi wewfbœ gva¨g Qwe AvuKvi wewfbœ gva¨g i‡q‡Q| †cbwmj, Kvwj-Kjg, Rj is, †Zj is, c¨v‡÷j is, G¨v‡µwjK is mn wewfbœ gva¨‡g Qwe AvuKv hvq| G Aa¨v‡q Avgiv Qwe AvuKvi gva¨g- †cv÷vi is, G¨v‡µwjK is I Rj is m¤ú‡K© Rvbe|

wewfbœ gva¨‡gi is

G Aa¨vq cov †kl Ki‡j Avgiv-

• †cv÷vi is Ges Zvi e¨envi m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvie|

• G¨v‡µwjK is Ges Zvi e¨enviwewa eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie|

• Rj is Ges Zvi cÖ‡qvM c×wZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvie|

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

29

cvV : 1

†cv÷vi is

Qwe AvuKvi Rb¨ †QvU‡ì Kv‡Q wcÖq GKwU gva¨g n‡”Q †cv÷vi is| GwU g~jZ cvwb gva¨‡gi is (water

baised)| GB is cvwb w`‡q wgwk‡q AvuK‡Z nq| Z‡e †cv÷vi is‡K ejv hvq A¯”Q Rj is| Rj i‡Oi

Zzjbvq †cv÷vi is fvix I †gvUv| G‡K A ^”Q is ejv hvq| KviY n‡jv, GKwUi Dci Ab¨ GKwU i‡Oi cÖ‡jc

w`‡j Av‡Mi iswU m¤ú~Y© †X‡K hvq| Av‡Mi i‡Oi Aw —Z¡ nvwi‡q hvq| †cv÷vi is wewfbœ †k‡W ev bvbv i‡O

Kuv‡Pi wkwk‡Z cvIqv hvq| Nb †c‡÷i AvKv‡i wkwk‡Z msiw¶Z _v‡K| is wkwk †_‡K †ei K‡i cvwb w`‡q

cwigvYg‡Zv Zij K‡i KvM‡R eënvi Kiv nq| †cv÷vi is w`‡q mvaviYZ KvM‡RB Qwe AvuKv nq| GKUz

LmL‡m Rwg‡bi KvM‡R †cv÷vi is eënvi Ki‡Z myweav| Qwe‡Z D¾¡jZv a‡i ivL‡Z GKvwaK Zzwj Ges

h_vm¤¢e cwi®‹vi cvwb eënvi Kiv DwPZ| †cv÷vi is w`‡q †h †Kv‡bv ai‡bi Qwe AvuKv m¤¢e|

cvV : 2

G¨v‡µwjK is

G¨v‡µwjK is wUDe AvKv‡i QvovI Kuv‡Pi Ges c −vw÷‡Ki †KŠUvq †QvU-eo wewfbœ AvK…wZ‡Z cvIqv hvq| Nb †c‡÷i AvKv‡i msiw¶Z GB is cvwb w`‡q Zij K‡i Qwe AvuKv hvq| G¨v‡µwjK is w`‡q KvMR, †evW© ev K¨vbfvm †h †Kv‡bvwU‡ZB Qwe AvuKv m¤¢e| GwUI g~jZ A ^”Q is| Z‡e cvZjv K‡i ¸wj‡q Rj i‡Oi g‡Zv eënvi Kiv P‡j| is Lye `ªyZ ïwK‡q hvq e‡j ZvovZvwo Qwe AvuKv hvq| d‡j wkíx‡ì Kv‡Q G mg‡q


G¨v‡µwjK is LyeB wcÖq GKwU gva¨g| G¨v‡µwj‡K me is-B cvIqv hvq| evRv‡i c−vw÷K is bv‡g †h is cvIqv hvq †mwUI g~jZ G¨v‡µwjK| Z‡e Zv G¨v‡µwjK is †_‡K A‡c¶vK…Z Zij| c −vw÷K is cvwb wgwk‡q AvuK‡Z nq|

cvV : 3 I 4

Rj is

†h is cvwbi mv‡_ wgwk‡q Qwe AvuKv nq Ges †h is ¯”Q Zv‡K ejv nq Rj is| Rj is i‡Oi ev‡· †QvU †QvU †Luv‡c Pvi‡Kvbv U¨ve‡j‡Ui g‡Zv _v‡K| Avjv`v Avjv`v U¨ve‡jU Ae ’vqI cvIqv hvq| Z‡e wUD‡ei g‡a¨ †c‡÷i ( g‡Zv Ae ’vqI Rj is ˆZwi n‡q _v‡K| Rj is I †cv÷vi is KvQvKvwQ n‡jI ¸YMZ w`K †_‡K A‡bKUv wfbœ| Rj is ¯”Q I cvZjv| GKwU i‡Oi Ici Av‡iKwU is w`‡q Av‡Mi iswU †X‡K †`qv hvq bv| ¯^”Q nIqvi Kvi‡Y `y‡Uv is wg‡j Ab¨ GKwU is nq| Rj is mvaviYZ KvM‡Ri Ici eënvi Kiv n‡q _v‡K| Rj is Qwe AvuKvi R‡b¨ GKUz †gvUv I LmL‡m Rwg‡bi KvMR me‡P‡q Dc‡hvMx| Avgv‡ì †`‡k †h †gvUv KvwUª©R cvIqv hvq Zv‡Z Rj i‡O AvuKv †h‡Z cv‡i| hv‡ì c‡¶ m¤¢e Zviv n¨vÛ‡gW KvMR ev DbœZ ai‡bi KvMR †RvMvo K‡i †b‡e|

Rj is eënv‡ii wbqg GK Zv KvwUª©R KvMR A‡a©K K‡i †K‡U bvI| B‡”Q Ki‡j AviI †QvU K‡i wb‡Z cvi| g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e KvMR †hb yg‡o gyP‡o ev fuvR n‡q bv _v‡K| KvUvI †hb my›ì nq| KvMRwU‡K nvW©‡ev‡W©i Ici wK¬c w`‡q Ggbfv‡e AvuUKvI †hb Uvb-Uvb _v‡K| †evW©‡K †g‡S‡Z ev †Kv‡bv DuPz wRwb‡m †njvb w`‡q †Zvgv‡ì mvg‡b ivL| GKUv g‡M cwi®‹vi cvwb bvI| Zvi cv‡k Rji‡O AvuKvi Rb¨ we‡klfv‡e ˆZwi c¨v‡jU A_ev K‡qKwU mv`v wcwiP ivL| †m mv‡_ i‡Oi wUDe ev i‡Oi †KŠUv¸wj nv‡Zi Kv‡Q ivL| Gevi AvuKv ïiyi cvjv| ïiy Kivi Av‡M Lye fv‡jv K‡i †f‡e bvI Kx AvuK‡e| aiv hvK, mv`v Kv‡jv †g‡N QvIqv AvKvk AvuK‡e| †cbwm‡j nvjKv `vM w`‡q †g‡Ni WªBs K‡i bvI| ivevi w`‡q †gvQvgywQ bv Ki‡jB fv‡jv| †ewk Nl‡j KvM‡Ri gm„YZv bó nq| is jvMv‡j N‡l †Ìqv ’v‡b AcÖ‡qvRbxq `vM †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| QweI bó n‡Z cv‡i| is jvMvevi Av‡M cwi®‹vi †fRv b¨vKov w`‡q A_ev PIov Zzwj w`‡q KvMRwU‡K wfwR‡q bvI| wKQy¶Y A‡c¶v Ki| †`L‡e KvM‡Ri PzcPz‡c cvwb wKQzUv ïwK‡q G‡m‡Q| Gevi wcwi‡P is bvI| wKQzUv ev`vwg isI wb‡Z n‡e| cvwbi mv‡_ ev`vwg, bxj is Zzwj w`‡q ¸‡j bvI Ges PIov Zzwj w`‡q Ava-†fRv KvM‡R Avj‡Zv K‡i jvMv‡Z n‡e| g‡b ivL‡e is jvMv‡bv ïiy Ki‡Z n‡e KvM‡Ri Dci †_‡K| Zzwj Pvjv‡Z n‡e euv w`K †_‡K Wv‡b| cvwbi g‡Zv is wb‡Pi w`‡K Mov‡e| Mov‡bv is‡K ZvovZvwofv‡e Zzwj w`‡q †U‡b Iqvk †kl Ki‡e| Gfv‡e bxj i‡Oi Iqvk †Ìqvi mgq WªBs Abyhvqx mv`v †g‡Ni Ask¸‡jv †Q‡o hv‡e| A_©vr KvM‡Ri mv`v †hb i‡q hvq| GBfv‡e bx‡ji Iqvk †kl K‡i wKQz¶Y A‡c¶v Ki| is wKQz ïwK‡q G‡j Kv‡jv †g‡Ni KvR ïiy Ki‡e| G Rb¨ bxj Ges Kv‡jv wgwk‡q Avevi Kv‡jv I ev`vwg wgwk‡q ywU wcwi‡P Avjv`v K‡i cwigvYg‡Zv is ˆZwi K‡i bvI| Gici cÖ_‡g wKQzUv nvjKv K‡i bxj Ges Kv‡jv †gkv‡bv is WªBs Abyhvqx Kv‡jv †g‡Ni As‡k jvMvI| Zvici Kv‡jv Ges ev`vwg †gkv‡bv is Mvp K‡i †ewk AÜKvi †evSv‡Z Av‡Mi i‡Oi Dc‡iB wKQz As‡k jvMvI| †`L‡e †fRv KvMR Ges †fRv i‡Oi Ici GBfv‡e is jvMv‡j e„wói †fRv †fRv Kv‡jv †g‡Ni aibUv G‡m hv‡e| Gevi mv`v †g‡N Kv‡jv Avi ev`vwg is‡K Lye nvjKv K‡i wgwk‡q †hLv‡b †kW cÖ‡qvRb †mLv‡b jvMvI|

Qwe AvuKvi wewfbœ gva¨g

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

31

†Zvgv‡ì QwewU AvuKv GLv‡bB †kl| GLv‡b GKwU mnR c×wZi K_v ejv n‡jv| GB c×wZ‡Z Lye Kg mg‡qi g‡a¨ GKwU Rj i‡Oi Qwe AvuKv hv‡e| Z‡e welq Abymv‡i A‡bK ai‡bi is cÖ‡qvRb n‡e| Av‡jvQvqv Abyhvqx i‡Oi ZviZg¨ n‡e Ges mgqI †ewk jvM‡e| †kªwY‡Z wk¶‡Ki ZË¡veav‡b evievi Abykxjb K‡i Rj i‡Oi eënvi AvqË Ki‡Z n‡e|

bgybv cÖkœ

eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 1. Rj is n‡”Q-

K. A ^”Q is L. ^”Q is

M. fvix is N. ˆZjv³ is

2. †cv÷vi i‡O AvuK‡Z nq-

K. †Zj wgwk‡q L. Zviwcb wgwk‡q

M. cvwb wgwk‡q N. Mvg wgwk‡q

3. G¨v‡µwjK is msiw¶Z _v‡K-

K. Nb †c‡÷i AvKv‡i L. Zij Kvwji AvKv‡i

M. iwOb KvwVi AvKv‡i N. †KK AvKv‡i

4. G¨v‡µwjK is wkíx‡ì Kv‡Q wcÖq-

K. is Lye ªyZ ïwK‡q hvq e‡j L. is D¾¡j nq e‡j

M. is gy‡Q hvq bv e‡j N. Aí is jv‡M e‡j

5. Rj i‡O Qwe AvuKv nq mvaviYZ-

K. K¨vbfv‡m L. KvM‡R

M. nvW©‡ev‡W N. Kv‡Vi UzKiv‡Z msw¶ß DËi cÖkœ

1. wb‡Pi is¸‡jv †_‡K ïay KvM‡R AvuKv hvq Ggb is¸‡jv Avjv`v Ki|

G¨v‡µwjK is, c −vw÷K is, Rjis, A·vBW is, †cv÷vi is, UvBWvB, c¨v‡÷j is, †Zj is|

2. †cv÷vi is m¤ú‡K© ms‡¶‡c †jL|

3. Rj is, eënv‡ii wbqgvewj eY©bv Ki|

4. ÔG¨v‡µwjK is GLb wkíx‡ì wcÖq GKwU gva¨gÕ- K_vwUi e¨vL¨v †jL|


cÂg Aa¨vq

Qwe AuvKvi bvbviKg Avb›``vqK Abykxjb

G Aa¨vq †k‡l Avgiv-

• msL¨v w`‡q bvbviK‡gi gRvi gRvi Qwe AvuK‡Z cvie|

• ˆ`bw›`b e¨envh© wRwb‡mi AvKvi AvK…wZ, MVb cwigvc ej‡Z cvie|

• gvQ I cvwLi AvK…wZ w`‡q bKkv AvuK‡Z cvie|

• wb‡R Kíbv K‡i wewfbœ ai‡bi bKkv AvuK‡Z cvie|

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

33

cvV : 1

†h mKj Qwe Gu‡K Avgiv Avb›` cve †mme gRvi gRvi Qwe ˆZwi Ki‡Z GLb Rvbe| 6ô †kªwY‡Z Avgiv

mvaviY wbq‡gi Av‡jv‡K dzj, cvZv, bKkv BZ¨vw` wk‡LwQ| †Zvgiv wb‡RivB B‡”Qg‡Zv fv‡jvjvMv Qwe¸‡jv

AuvK‡e| Avgiv †QvU‡ejv †_‡K MwYZ ev AsK Kl‡Z wM‡q 1 †_‡K 9 ch©š— msL¨v eënvi K‡i G‡mwQ| GLbI

KiwQ Ges mviv RxebB G msL¨v¸‡jv Avgv‡ì cÖ‡qvR‡b eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e| gRvi e¨vcvi n‡jv GB

msL¨v¸‡jv w`‡qI †h gRvi Qwe ˆZwi Kiv hvq Zv wK †f‡ewQ? Gevi Avgiv GB msL¨v¸‡jv w`‡q wKQz gRvi

gRvi Qwe ˆZwi K‡i wb‡Riv †hgb Avb›` cve †Zgwb evev, gv, AvZ¥xq- ^Rb I eÜz‡ìI Gu‡K †`wL‡q AevK

K‡i wè|

msL¨v w`‡q gRvi Abykxjb

KvR : mK‡j 1 msL¨v w`‡q †Zvgvi wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i gRvi Abykxjb K‡i †`LvI|


cvV : 2


KvR : mK‡j 2,3 msL¨v w`‡q †Zvgvi wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i gRvi Abykxjb K‡i †`LvI

cvV : 3


KvR : mK‡j 4 msL¨v w`‡q †Zvgvi wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i gRvi Abykxjb K‡i †`LvI

Qwe AvuKvi bvbviKg Avb›``vqK Abykxjb

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

35

cvV : 4


KvR : 5, 6, 7, 8 msL¨v w`‡q †Zvgvi wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i gRvi Abykxjb K‡i †`LvI

cvV : 5


KvR : mK‡j 9, 0 msL¨v w`‡q †Zvgvi wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i gRvi Abykxjb K‡i †`LvI


Qwe AuvKvi cÖv_wgK wKQy K_v cÖwZw`b Avgiv Avgv‡`i Pvicv‡k †hme wRwbm †`wL †mme wRwb‡mi ev —eagx© Qwe AuvKvi mgq Zvi AvKvi AvK…wZi cÖwZ LyeB m‡PZb _vK‡Z n‡e| KviY G welqwU AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| Avgiv c~e© cv‡V AvKvi AvK…wZ m¤c‡K© GKUv aviYv †c‡q G‡mwQ|

c„w_ex‡Z hv wKQy Av‡Q Zvi †ewki fvMB e„Ë, PZyf©yR wKsev wÎfy‡Ri gv‡S Ave×| we‡kl K‡i e„Ë I PZzfy©‡Ri gv‡S me we› y‡K GKUv AvKv‡i cÖv_wgKfv‡e i~c`vb Kiv hvq| ev —eag©x wPÎvsK‡bi †¶‡Î GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq n‡jv- AvKvi hZB eo wKsev †QvU †nvK bv †Kb, AvK…wZ wVK ivL‡ZB n‡e|

†hgb- mg AvKvi mg AvK…wZ mg AvKvi c„_K AvK…wZ mg AvK…wZ c„_K AvKvi c„_K AvKvi c„_K AvK…wZ


Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

37

c~‡e©B e‡jwQ †h †Kv‡bv wPÎ AsKb gv‡bB KZ¸‡jv †iLvi mgwó, †mUv mij, euvKv, e„ËvKvi wKsev †h †Kv‡bv fv‡eB n‡Z cv‡i| ZvB AsK‡bi †¶‡Î cÖwZwU †iLvB mgvb ¸i“Z¡ enb K‡i| bvbv ai‡bi †iLvi mgš^‡q KZ¸‡jv Abykxjb †`Lv‡bv n‡jv-

†iLvi mgš^‡q Abykxjb

GB mKj welqmg~n AsK‡bi mgq †h welq¸‡jv Avgv‡`i g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, Zv n‡jv welqe ‘ ev ˆ`N© , cÖ ’, D”PZv, Zvi mylgZv †`Lvi AbycvZ Ges Zvi h_v_© ’vcbv BZ¨vw` wel‡q Mfxifv‡e „wócvZ Ki‡Z n‡e| G mKj welqmg~n wVK †i‡L Avgiv †h †Kv‡bv e ‘ ev welq AsKb Kwi bv †Kb, Zvi GKUv my›`i cÖKvk Aek¨B dz‡U DV‡e|


cÖK…wZ †_‡K Abykxjb

Avgv‡ì Pviw`‡K Avgiv hv wKQy †`LwQ Zvi meB cÖK…wZ| GB cÖK…wZi Av‡Q ewY©j i~c| m~‡hv© q †_‡K m~h©v¯— ch©š— cÖwZ ¶‡Y ¶‡Y Gi i~c cvëvq| mKv‡ji big Av‡jvq cÖK…wZi †h i~c, ycy‡ii cÖLi Av‡jvq Zv cv‡ë hvq| Avevi m~h©v‡ — †m i~c nq wfbœ Abyf‡ei-Avi G me wKQyB N‡U Av‡jv-Qvqvi AveZ©‡b| Avevi FZzi êwPÎ¨ZvqI Gi cwieZ©b N‡U bvbvi~‡c| MÖx®§, el©v, kir, †ngš—, kxZ, em‡š— bvbv i~‡c cÖK…wZ mv‡R Aci~c †mŠ›`‡h©|

cÖvK…wZK „k¨ †`L‡Z Avgiv mevB fv‡jvevwm| MÖvg-evsjvi bvbvb „k¨, w`Mš— we —…Z gvV| ~‡ii m~‡h©v`q wKsev m~h©v —, b`x-gvZ…K evsjvi Aci~c †mŠ›`h© Avgv‡ì cÖvY Quy‡q hvq| KL‡bvev cwicvwU kn‡ii iv —vNvU, bxj AvKvk, bvMwiK mf¨Zv GB mewKQy Avgv‡ì g‡b †iLvcvZ K‡i| GBme „k¨ AsK‡bi c~‡e© †Zvgv‡K Mfxifv‡e welq¸‡jv‡K ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e| ai, Zzwg †Kv_vqI †eov‡Z †M‡j- †mLv‡b ïay gv‡Vi ci gvV, A‡bK ~‡i †QvU †QvU Kuz‡o Ni, Av‡iv A‡bK ~‡i b`x‡Z K‡qKwU cvj‡Zvjv †bŠKv, AvKv‡k K‡qKwU cvwL D‡o hv‡”Q, mvg‡bi w`‡K K‡qKwU ZvjMvQ| QwewU †Zvgvi g‡bi gv‡S aviY K‡i wb‡q G‡m hLb evmvq GKUv †QvU KvM‡R AvuK‡Z em‡e, ZLb c~‡e© †h Qwe AuvKvi mvaviY wbqg¸‡jv †R‡bQ, †hgb- AvKvi, AvK…wZ, ~iZ¡ AbzcvZ, Av‡jvQvqv BZ¨vwì ms‡hv‡M Gi mv‡_ †Zvgvi g‡bi gvayix w`‡q AuvK‡e, QwewU ZLb †Zvgvi Kv‡Q AviI †ewk Rxeš— n‡q DV‡e| ZvB †Kv‡bv wKQy AuvKvi c~‡e© †Zvgvi ch©‡e¶Y ¶gZv hZ †ewk evo‡e QweI ZZ †ewk cÖvYeš— n‡q DV‡e|


Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

39

Gme welq †Lqvj †i‡L wk¶‡Ki ZË¡veav‡b cÖK…wZ †_‡K wewfbœ wel‡qi Qwe AuvKvi Abykxjb Ki‡e|

bKkv

gvQ I cvwL w`‡q bKkv

6ô †kªwY‡Z Avgiv bvbv AvKvi †hgb wÎfyR, PZzf©yR, e„Ë BZ¨vw` w`‡q bKkv AsK‡bi †KŠkj †R‡bwQ| Avevi dzj, jZv-cvZv w`‡qI bvbv cÖKv‡ii bKkv AsK‡bi Abykxjb K‡iwQ| GLb Avgiv I ¸‡jvi mv‡_ AviI wKQz welq †hgb cvwL, gv‡Qi AvK…wZ wb‡q wb‡R‡ì m„Rbkxj wPš—v w`‡q AviI my›ì my›ì bKkv AvKue| †h †Kv‡bv bKkv AsK‡bi c~‡e©, bKkvq †h mKj welq eënvi Kie Zvi AvKvi I AvK…wZ¸‡jv Avjv`v K‡i Gu‡K c‡i Zv GKwU wbw ©ó gv‡ci gv‡S mvRv‡j my›ì bKkv ˆZwi n‡e|

gvQ I cvwLi AvK…wZ w`‡q bKkv

bKkv n‡Z cv‡i wewfbœ Kv‡Ri cª‡qvR‡b| †hgbÑ kvwoi cvo, KvwgR ev cvÄvwei Mjvi bKkv, †Uwej K¬_ ev Kzk‡bi Rb¨, dzj`vwb, bKwk cvwZj ev Ab¨ †h †Kv‡bv wRwbm‡K wkíi~c †`qvi Rb¨ bKkvi cÖ‡qvRb nq|

KvR: gvQ I cvwLi AvK…wZ eënvi K‡i 8"x 8" gv‡c †Zvgvi g‡bi g‡Zv GKUv bKkv Gu‡K †`LvI|


bgybv cÖkœ

e¨venvwiK :

1. †Zvgvi cQ›`g‡Zv †Kv‡bv msL¨v w`‡q gRvi †Kv‡bv Abykxjb K‡i †`LvI|

2. AvKvi-AvK…wZi wfbœZv †`wL‡q †h‡Kv‡bv wZbwU e —y AsKb K‡i †`LvI|

3. †Zvgvi wcÖq FZzi GKwU wPÎ †cv÷vi is A_ev Rj i‡O AuvK|

4. 2B Ges 4B †cwÝj e¨envi K‡i †Zvgvi g‡bi g‡Zv GKUv †cwÝj †¯‹P Ki|

5. 8"x10" cwigv‡c gvQ I cvwLi AvK…wZ e¨envi K‡i GKUv bKkv AuvK|


Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

41

lô Aa¨vq

wewfbœ cÖKvi wkíKg©

G Aa¨vq †k‡l AvgivÑ

• Zzjv w`‡q wewfbœ cÖKvi †mŠwLb †Ljbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie|

• wewfbœ i‡Oi Kzkb ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie|

• Zzjv w`‡q wewfbœ Abyôv‡bi Rb¨ †MU ev e¨vbvi wjL‡Z cvie|

m~wPwkí

• myyuB-myZv w`‡q Kvc‡oi Dci wewfbœ †duvo Zzj‡Z cvie|

• wewfbœ †duv‡oi bvg Rvbe I wewfbœ bKkv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie|

• Kvco I Zzjv w`‡q wewfbœ iKg †Ljbv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie|

†djbv wRwbm w`‡q wkíKg©

• †djbv wRwbm w`‡q A‡bK wRwbm ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie|

• GBme wRwbm w`‡q wb‡R‡`i Ni mvRv‡Z cvie|

• wRwb‡mi AcPq Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vKvi †PZbv evo‡e|

• Avjy I †Xuok †K‡U bKkv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie|


cvV : 1

Zzjv I Kvc‡oi ˆZwi Kviywkí

Zzjv w`‡q my›ì GKwU nuv‡mi Qwe ˆZwi Kwi| GQvov wewfbœ i‡Oi dzj I cvZv w`‡q mvRv‡bv dzj`vwbi Qwe,

cvwL, weovj Ges Ab¨vb¨ wRwbm ˆZwi Kwi| Kfvimn GKwU Kzkb ˆZwi Kwi|

DcKiY

Zzjv w`‡q KviyKg© Ki‡Z †M‡j g~j DcKiY n‡jv Zzjv Zv †Zv eyS‡ZB cviwQ| e¨v‡ÛR Kivi Zzjv, mvaviY

†cuRv Zzjv, wewfbœ is, wewfbœ i‡Oi Kvco, wcP‡evW©, †evW© KvMR, mv`v KvMR, Kve©b KvMR, gq`vi AvVv,

AvBKv AvVv, KvuwP, myuP, myZv BZ¨vw`| Z‡e yiKg Zzjv i‡q‡Q| †jLv I Kzk‡bi Rb¨, †jc ˆZwi Kivi †cuRv

ev aybv Zzjv Avi Qwei Rb¨ ¯Í‡i ¯Í‡i mvRv‡bv e¨v‡ÛR Kivi Zzjv | GQvov jvM‡e-wewfbœ i‡Oi Kvco, mv`v

KvMR, iwOb KvMR, wcP‡evW©, cvwb‡Z †Mvjv‡bv is, gq`vi Nb AvVv, aviv‡jv KvuwP, †cbwmj, Kve©b †ccvi,

PK, wewfbœ i‡Oi Kvco, †gvUv mv`v KvMR A_ev ev`vwg KvMR BZ¨vw`|

cvV: 2

Zzjv w`‡q †jLv

Gevi Zzjv w`‡q †jLvi KvR Avi¤¢ Kwi| cÖ‡qvRbxq gv‡ci iwOb Kvco †bB| jvj, bxj, meyR wKsev †e¸wb †h

is Avgv‡ì fv‡jv jv‡M ZvB| is Mvp n‡Z n‡e, nvjKv i‡O fv‡jv †`Lv‡e bv| cwi®‹vi cvKv †g‡S wKsev

†Uwe‡ji Dci Kvco wewQ‡q hv †jLv n‡e Zv eo eo A¶‡i PK w`‡q wj‡L †bB| †cuRv Zzjv w`‡q †QvU †QvU

e‡ji g‡Zv ¸wU ˆZwi Kwi| nv‡Zi Zvjyi Dci gvwU †i‡L Ab¨ nv‡Zi Zvjy w`‡q Nywi‡q Nywi‡q †hgb K‡i iywU

†ejvi AvUvi ej ˆZwi Kiv nq, wVK †Zgwb Zzjvi ¸wU ˆZwi Kiv hvq| Gevi Kvc‡oi Ici P‡Ki †jLv eivei

gq`vi Nb AvVvi †jB jvwM‡q Zzjvi ¸wU¸‡jv Pvc w`‡q GKwU GKwU K‡i ewm‡q hvB| ¸wU emvevi mgq GKwU

AciwUi Mv †Nu‡l emv‡Z n‡e| AvVv jvMve Kvc‡oi g‡a¨ GKwU Avaywji g‡Zv †Mvj K‡i ¸wUi wVK wb‡P |

¸wU¸‡jv me mgvb K‡i ˆZwi Kie| GKB †jLvq †QvU-eo ¸wU eënvi Ki‡j †jLv fv‡jv †`Lv‡e bv| ¸wUi

e¨vm 2 ev 3 †mwg. ch©šÍ n‡Z cv‡i| †gvUv †jLvi Rb¨ eo ¸wU Avi miy †jLvi Rb¨ †QvU ¸wU| Qwe †`‡L

Avgiv mn‡RB Zzjv w`‡q †h‡Kv‡bv †jLv wjL‡Z cvie|


Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

43

Zzjv w`‡q †jLv

cvV : 3

Zzjv w`‡q Qwe

†h QwewU ˆZwi Kie Zv‡Z mv`v, jvj, njy`, Kgjv, †e¸wb cÖf„wZ bvbv i‡Oi dzj _vK‡e, Avi _vK‡e meyR cvZv I WvUv| _vK‡e dzj`vwb, ZvB bvbv i‡Oi Zzjvi cÖ‡qvRb| cvwb‡Z †Mvjv‡bv hvq G iKg cvDWvi is evRv‡i cvIqv hvq| hw` cÖ‡qvRbxq me ai‡bi is bv cvIqv hvq Zvn‡j GK i‡Oi mv‡_ Aci is wgwk‡q cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv is ˆZwi K‡i wbe| jvj I njy wgwj‡q Kgjv is cve, jvj I bxj wgwj‡q cve †e¸wb is| evRv‡i †h meyR is cve Zv Mv‡Qi cvZvi meyR is bq| GB meyR i‡Oi mv‡_ mvgvb¨ GKUz jvj is wgwk‡q w`‡j Mv‡Qi cvZvi meyR is n‡e| Qwe‡Z hZ¸‡jv is e¨envi Kie Zvi me KqwU i‡Oi Zzjv Av‡MB is K‡i ïwK‡q ivLe|

Zzjv w`‡q †h QwewU ˆZwi Kie, Gevi †cbwmj w`‡q KvM‡R Zvi Qwe AvuwK| Zzjvi Qwe hZ eo Kie KvM‡Ri Qwe wVK ZZ eo K‡i AvuKe| Qwe‡Z wewfbœ i‡Oi dzj _vK‡e, ZvB dzj¸‡jv n‡e wewfbœ Rv‡Zi I †QvU eo wewfbœ AvKv‡ii| wewfbœ Rv‡Zi dz‡ji cvZvI n‡e wewfbœ AvKvi AvK…wZi| Gme welq g‡b †i‡L QwewU AuvwK| Kve©b KvM‡Ri Kvwj wewQ‡q Zvi Ici †cwÝj w`‡q AvuKv QwewU emvB| wK¬c ev Avjwcb w`‡q KvMR¸‡jv GKmv‡_ AvUwK‡q †bB, hv‡Z bvovPvov Ki‡jI m‡i bv hvq| Gevi Qwei Ici w`‡q cÖ‡Z¨KwU †iLv a‡i †cbwmj Pvwj‡q QwewU Gu‡K wbe| Kve©b KvM‡Ri Ici weQv‡bv KvM‡R D‡ëv n‡q Qwei Qvc c‡o †M‡Q| G iKg AviI y-wZbwU D‡ëv Qwei Qvc w`e| †cbwm‡j AvuKv QwewU‡Z is w`‡q wVK K‡i †be Zzjvi ˆZwi Qwe‡Z †Kvb dz‡ji Kx is n‡e? dzj`vwbi is Kx n‡e? cvZvi is †Kgb n‡e?


Zzjv w`‡q Qwe

Avjv`v Avjv`vfv‡e †K‡U ivLv GK GK fvM KvMR wbB| Qwei Qv‡ci D‡ëv wc‡V gq`vi AvVv jvwM‡q wbw ©ó i‡Oi Zzjv cÖvq 1 †mwg. cyi“ K‡i ewm‡q Pvc †`B, hv‡Z fv‡jv K‡i †j‡M hvq|

KvM‡Ri me KqwU UzK‡iv Gfv‡e Zzjv jvwM‡q GKUz ïwK‡q wbB| Qwei Pvicv‡k †ekwKQy RvqMv _vK‡e| Ggwb gv‡ci GK UzK‡iv k³ wcP‡evW© Ges wcP‡ev‡W©i PvB‡Z ˆ`‡N© cÖ‡ ’ 5 †mwg. K‡i eo GK UzK‡iv Kv‡jv i‡Oi fv‡jv Kvco wbB| Kvco fv‡jv K‡i Bw¯¿ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb, hv‡Z KzuPKv‡bv bv _v‡K| Kvc‡oi Ici wcP‡evW© ewm‡q Pvi wKbvivq fv‡jv K‡i AvVv jvwM‡q Pvicv‡ki evowZ KvMR fuvR K‡i †ev‡W©i mv‡_ †mu‡U †`B| †Lqvj ivLe †ev‡W©i Ici Kvco †hb Uvb n‡q _v‡K, †Kv_vqI †hb wXjv bv nq| Gevi Zzjv jvMv‡bv KvMR¸‡jv Kve©b KvM‡Ri Qvc eivei aviv‡jv KuvwP w`‡q †K‡U Zzjvi dzj, cvZv, WuvUv, dzj`vwb BZ¨vw` ˆZwi Kie|

KvM‡R AvuKv iwOb Qwe †`‡L Zzjvi dzj`vwb, dzj, cvZv, BZ¨vw` wcP‡evW© jvMv‡bv Kv‡jv Kvc‡oi Ici Qwei g‡Zv mvRvB| wVKfv‡e mvRv‡bv n‡j GK GK Ask Zz‡j †cQ‡bi KvM‡R fv‡jv K‡i AvVv jvMvB Ges Avevi wVK RvqMvq ewm‡q Pvc w`‡q Kvc‡oi mv‡_ †mu‡U †`B| †Lqvj ivLe Qwei Ask¸‡jv Pviw`‡K †hb Kvc‡oi mv‡_ fv‡jv K‡i jv‡M, †Kv_vqI †hb D‡V bv _v‡K| Gevi †`wL, wewfbœ i‡Oi Zzjv w`‡q ˆZwi QwewU †ek my›ì jvM‡Q| dzj I cvZv¸‡jv Avmj dzj I cvZvi g‡Zv big big g‡b n‡”Q! Avgiv †Póv Ki‡j GB wbq‡g Avgv‡ì Lywkg‡Zv my›ì my›ì Qwe ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie| dz‡ji†fZi †Kki w`‡Z PvB‡j cvcwo¸‡jv Avjv`v-Avjv`vfv‡e †K‡U gvSLv‡b Ab¨ i‡Oi Zzjvi †Kki ewm‡q Pviw`‡K cvcwo¸‡jv ewm‡q w`‡Z n‡e| ïay dyj-


Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

45

cvZvi Qwe bq, GB wbq‡g wewfbœ i‡Oi Rvgv-Kvco cwi‡q gvby‡li Qwe, cï, cvwL, MvQcvjv cÖf„wZi Qwe ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvwi| Zzjv w`‡q Kiv Qwe KvuP w`‡q †d«g K‡i †`qv‡j UvwO‡q ivL‡j LyyeB my›ì †`Lv‡e|

cvV : 4

m~wPwkí

Avgiv evwo‡Z gv‡K †mjvB Ki‡Z †`wL| Avgv‡ì Rb¨ Rvgv-Kvco, Rvgvi Ici my›ì bKkv BZ¨vw` A‡bK m~wPwkí Zvuiv K‡ib| myuB, myZvi bvbviKg KvR Avgiv wb‡RivI Kwi| †hgb-†evZvg jvMv‡bv, †Quov Kvco †Rvov †`qv, †QvULv‡Uv iygvj, †Uwe‡ji Kvco BZ¨vw`| MÖv‡g I kn‡i A‡bK evwo‡ZB Avgiv Kuv_v eënvi Kwi| wKQy Av‡Q mvaviY Kuv_v Avevi wKQy Av‡Q bKwkKuv_v| Kuv_vq A‡bK i‡Oi myZv w`‡q †mjvB I bKkv _v‡K| †`L‡ZI Lye PgrKvi | Kuv_vq cvwL, gvQ, dzj, jZvcvZv, nvwZ, †Nvov, gvbyl BZ¨vw` A‡bK wKQyB iwOb myZvq †mjvB K‡i Qwe I bKkv AvKv‡i Zz‡j aiv nq| Avevi A‡b‡K †QvU †QvU bKwkKuv_v Qwei g‡Zv evuavB K‡i N‡i mvwR‡q iv‡L| GB †h wkí, G‡K Avgiv ewj m~wPwkí| GB wkí Pviywk‡íi GKwU D‡j −L‡hvM¨ welq| eûKvj a‡i bvwb-`vwìv bvbv iKg bKkv Kiv cvLv, †Zvqv‡j, RvqbvgvR, Kuv_v BZ¨vw` †mjvB Ki‡Zb| Aemi mgq Zuviv A‡bK w`b a‡i GK GKwU Kuv_v ˆZwi Ki‡Zb| myuB, myZv w`‡q wb‡R‡ì myL- yt‡Li Kvwnbx bKkv K‡i dzwU‡q Zzj‡Zb| evsjv‡`‡ki MÖv‡g-M‡Ä mvaviY cwiev‡ii gwnjviv GL‡bv bvbv iKg bKwkKuv_v ˆZwi Ki‡Qb| GB bKwkKuv_vi cwiwPwZ I L¨vwZ †jvKwkí wn‡m‡e c„w_exi me©Î| evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ Rv yN‡i I c„w_exi Ab¨vb¨ msMÖnkvjvq evsjv‡`‡ki GB †jvKwk‡íi msMÖn i‡q‡Q| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k GB wk‡íi †ek cÖPjb n‡q‡Q| wb‡R‡ì cÖ‡qvRb wgwU‡qI evRv‡i wewµ n‡”Q| evwYwR¨Kfv‡e Gi Kì †e‡o‡Q| GB ai‡bi †jvKwkí ißvwb K‡i Avgv‡ì †`‡k A‡bK ê‡`wkK gy ªv AwR©Z n‡”Q| m~wPwkí mvaviYZ MÖv‡gi †g‡qivB †ewk K‡i _v‡K| GB wkí Avgv‡ì †mŠ›`h© †ev‡ai gvb Dbœqb K‡i cÖ‡qvRbI †gUv‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| myuB, myZvi KvR Kiv iygvj, †Uwe‡ji Kvco, kvwo, KvwgR, Iobv, c¨v›U, †QvU wkï‡ì d«K, c`v© BZ¨vw` †`L‡Z LyeB my›ì| Avgiv wb‡RivI G ai‡bi Rvgv Kvco ci‡Z Lye cQ›` Kwi| ZvB GB wkí wk‡L wbR wbR cÖ‡qvRb wgwU‡q A_©‰bwZKfv‡e ^vej¤^x n‡Z cvie| †mjvB †duv‡oi Kv‡Ri cÖavb welq n‡jv bvbv ai‡bi †duvo I bvbv i‡Oi myZvi h_vh_ eënvi|

DcKiY

mi“ I †gvUv bvbv ai‡bi myuB| mv`v I iwOb myZv ev Dj|Kvc‡o `vM †èvi Rb¨ †cbwmj| cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv Kvco A_ev PU|GKwU †QvU KvuwP| GKwU †d«g (myuB-myZvq †mjvB Kivi Rb¨)| DcKiY ivLvi Rb¨ GKwU ev· ev †KŠUv| Kvc‡o gvc †`qvi Rb¨ †¯‹j ev gvc †èvi wdZv| DcKiY †Zv n‡jv?

Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

47

ivwbs †duvo ev ivb †mjvB

wewfbœ †duv‡oi g‡a¨ ivwbs †duvo ev ivb †mjvB me‡P‡q mnR| †h Kvc‡oi Ic‡i †mjvB Kie †mwU‡K euv nvZ w`‡q GKUz DuPz K‡i a‡i Wvb nv‡Z myuB wb‡q †mjvB Kie| Kvco euv nv‡Zi Ic‡i †i‡L ey‡ov Av½yj w`‡q Aewkó PviwU Av½y‡ji Dci KvcoLvbv‡K †P‡c awi, Wvb nv‡Z myuB a‡i, GKev‡i 3 †_‡K 4wU †duvo Kiv hv‡e| Z‡e cÖwZeviB 3-4wU †duvo †èvi ci, myZv †U‡b †mjvBwU k³ K‡i †be| ivwbs †duvo †kLvi Rb¨ mv`v Kvco n‡j iwOb myZv, iwOb Kvco n‡j mv`v myZv eënvi Kie| KviY G‡Z †mjvB †mvRv I mgvb n‡”Q wKbv Zv mn‡RB eyS‡Z cvie| GB †duvo w`‡q †hgb †iLv †mjvB Kiv hvq, †Zgwb fivU †mjvBI Kiv hvq| bKwkKuv_vq ivwbs †duvo eûjfv‡e eënvi Kiv nq|

ivb †duvo, ivb †duv‡oi fivU I ivb †duv‡oi bKkv

ivb †duvo I bKkv


ivb †duvo w`‡q bKwkKuv_vi RvqbvgvR

†ng †duvo ev gywo †mjvB †Uwe‡ji Kvco, iygvj, Rvgv BZ¨vw` Kvc‡o ˆZwi †h †Kv‡bvwUi wKbviv gy‡o †mjvB Kivi Rb¨ GB †duvo e¨envi Kiv nq| †Uwe‡ji Kvco, iygvj, Rvgv BZ¨vw` Kvc‡o ˆZwi †h †Kv‡bvwUi wKbviv gywo †mjvB Kievi Rb¨ †h †duvo e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K †ng †dvuo ev gywo †mjvB e‡j| GB †mjvB Kivi mgq Kvc‡oi wKbviv Ggbfv‡e fuvR K‡i †be, hv‡Z wKbvivi myZv¸‡jv †ewi‡q bv c‡o| GB †dvuo w`‡q Kzkb, Rvgv, kvwo, †Uwe‡ji Kvco BZ¨vw`‡Z G¨vc−xK wbq‡g bKkv Kiv hvq| G¨vc −xK n‡jv iwOb Kvco †K‡U Ab¨ Kvc‡oi Ici ewm‡q bKkv Kiv| †ng ev gywo †mjvB wk‡L wb‡j Avgiv G¨vc−xK c×wZ‡Z bvbv iKg KvR Ki‡Z cvie|

†ng †duvo ev gywo †mjvB †ng †duvo w`‡q G¨vc −xK KvR


Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

49

e‡Lqv †dvuo e‡Lqv †duvo †mvRv w`‡K †gwk‡bi †mjvB-Gi g‡Zv †`L‡Z nq| GB †duvo Zzj‡Z n‡j, ivwbs †duv‡oi g‡Zv wbP †_‡K Ic‡i myuB Pvwj‡q †duvo Zzj‡Z nq| c‡i mvgvb¨ GKUz mvg‡b Avevi Ic‡i myuB w`‡q †duvo Zz‡j Avwb| myuB Gi gyLwU Avevi Av‡Mi †duv‡oi Kv‡Q wdwi‡q Avwb| cybivq Ici †_‡K wb‡P †duvo Zzwj| Gfv‡e evi evi †duvo w`‡q mvg‡bi w`‡K GwM‡q hvB| †`Le †gwk‡bi †mjvB‡qi g‡Zv †mjvB n‡q‡Q| GB †dvuo mvaviYZ Rvgv-Kvc‡oi †Rvov jvMv‡Z cÖ‡qvRb nq| e‡Lqv †dvu‡oi †Rvov Lye k³ nq| ZvQvov GB †dvuo w`‡q bvbv iKg bKkvI Kiv hvq| †hgb-25 †mwg. PIov I 25 †mwg. j¤^v Kvc‡o cÖ_‡g †cwÝ‡j GKwU gv‡Qi Qwe Gu‡K †iLv Abyhvqx e‡Lqv †dvuo Zz‡j gv‡Qi QwewU dzwU‡q Zyj‡Z cvwi| Ab¨vb¨ †h‡Kv‡bv bKkvI e‡Lqv †dvuo w`‡q Ki‡Z cvie| cvV : 6

†÷g †duvo ev Wvj †duvo Wvj †duvo mvaviYZ Mv‡Qi Wvj, dyj I cvZvi Wvj, jZv BZ¨vw` bKkv †mjvB Kievi R‡b¨ e¨envi Kiv nq| GB †dvuo w`‡q †iLvi AvKv‡i †mjvB K‡i †M‡j, †iLvwU `woi g‡Zv c¨vuPv‡bv cu vPv‡bv †`Lv hvq| Wvj †dvuo w`‡q †mjvB Kievi mgq †dvuo¸‡jv ci ci mvg‡b †_‡K †cQ‡bi w`‡K Avm‡e| m~u‡P myZv cwi‡q myZvi gv_vq wMuU †`B| m~u‡Pi gv_v Kvc‡oi wbP w`K w`‡q Ic‡i Zywj| m~u‡Pi gv_v †hLv‡b DVj Zvi †_‡K mvgvb¨ †cQ‡b evu w`‡K GKUz mwi‡q, myuB XywK‡q, †dvuo ywUi gvSvgvwS RvqMvq, Wvb

†÷g †duvo ev Wvj †duvo

e‡Lqv †duvo I e‡Lqv †duv‡oi bKkv


w`‡K GKUz mwi‡q m~u‡Pi gv_v DVvB| Gevi m~u‡Pi gv_v †hLv‡b DVj Zvi †cQ‡b euv w`‡K GKUz mwi‡q Avevi m~u‡Pi gv_v †XvKvB Ges †kl yB †duv‡oi gvSvgvwS RvqMvq GKUz Wv‡b mwi‡q m~u‡Pi gv_v IVvB| Gfv‡e G‡Ki ci GK †dvuo w`‡q mvg‡b †_‡K †cQ‡bi w`‡K Avm‡Z _vwK| †`wL †mjvB †Kgb my›ì †`Lv‡”Q!

cvV : 7

†PBb †duvo

GB †duvo †`L‡Z A‡bKUv †kK‡ji g‡Zv| †PBb †duv‡oi R‡b¨ A‡c¶vK…Z GKUz †gvUv myZv wbB| myZvi †kl gv_vq k³ K‡i wMuU †`B| A_ev k³ K‡i GKwU †duvo Zzwj| myuB, myZv †U‡b Ic‡i Zzwj| Gevi mu~‡Pi gv_vq Wvb nvZ euv‡q myZv Nywi‡q GKwU †duvo Zzwj| †`Le †duvowU GKwU †ewoi g‡Zv n‡q‡Q (nvZ Nyivevi mgq myZv wKQyyUv wX‡j ivL‡e)| mu~PwU‡K Gevi Av‡Mi †dvu‡oi cvk w`‡q XywK‡q wbP †_‡K Ic‡i Zzwj| †duvo †Zvjvi mgq m~uP, myZvi Ici memgq ivL‡Z n‡e| myZv Avevi Wvb †_‡K evu‡q Nywi‡q †duvo Zzwj| Gfv‡e †duv‡oi cvk w`‡q myuB XywK‡q wbP †_‡K Ic‡i myZv Avwb|

†PBb †duvo w`‡q †h‡Kv‡bv †cvkv‡K bKkv Kiv hvq| we‡kl K‡i Rvgv, kvwo, iygvj, †Uwe‡ji Kvco BZ¨vw`‡Z dzj, jZvcvZv Kiv hvq | fivU Kv‡RI GB †duvo eënvi Ki‡Z cvie| wPÎKjvq êwPÎ¨ Avb‡Z GB †mjvB eënvi Ki‡Z cvie|

†PBb †duvo

†jwR-†WBwR †duvo

†jwR-†WBwR †duvo †PBb †duv‡oi g‡ZvB Ki‡Z nq| Z‡e †PBb †mjvB‡q †duvo¸‡jv jvBb a‡i mvg‡b GwM‡q hvq Ges G †duvo¸‡jvi Avjv`v Avjv`v GK-GKwU †PBb †duvo _v‡K| iygvj, †QvU‡ì Rvgv-Kvco ev †h‡Kv‡bv †cvkvK ciw”Q` †_vKv †_vKv dzj, bKkv, jZv, cvZv BZ¨vw` GB †duvo w`‡q Ki‡j PgrKvi †`Lvq|

bKkvwU Wvj †duvo w`‡q Kwi


Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

51

Gevi iygv‡j dzj jZv-cvZvi bKkv Gu‡K Zv‡Z †jwR-†WBwR †duvo Zz‡j bKkvwU dzwU‡q Zzwj| wewfbœ iK‡gi †duvo †kLv n‡jv| Gevi GKwU iygvj I †Uwe‡ji Kvco ˆZwi Kivi †Póv Kwi| iygvj cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB cÖ‡qvRb| Avgiv ¯‹z‡j ev Ab¨ †Kv_vI †ei nevi mgq mv‡_ GKwU iygvj ivwL| Zvn‡j cÖ_‡gB GKwU iygvj ˆZwi Kiv wkwL| iygvj †mjvB wk‡L wb‡R eënvi Ki‡Z cvie| Ab¨‡ìI Dcnvi w`‡Z cvie|

†jwR-†WBwR †duvo

†jwR-†WBwR †duv‡oi bKkv

cvV : 8 µm †dvuo GB †duvo A‡bKUv µm ev ¸Y wP‡ýi g‡Zv| µm †duv‡oi Rb¨ mvaviYZ †bU wKsev †mjyjv Kvco eënvi Kiv nq| †mjyjv Kvc‡oi Rwg Ni Ni Kiv Q‡Ki g‡Zv| P‡Ui IciI GB †duvo my›ìfv‡e Kiv nq|


Zviv †dvuo Zviv †dvuo n‡jv A‡bKUv µm †dv‡oi g‡Zv| Qwe †`‡L Abvqv‡m GB †duvo Zzj‡Z cvie| GB †dvuo mvaviYZ †PK Kvco ev P‡U Kiv mnR| cvV : 9 †evZvg Ni †dvuo

Rvgv Kvc‡o †evZvg Ni KvUvi ci KvUv Ask †_‡K hv‡Z myZv †ewi‡q bv Avm‡Z cv‡i †mRb¨ †mjvB K‡i †evZvg-N‡ii gyL †eu‡a †`qv nq| we‡kl ai‡bi †h †duvo w`‡q GB †mjvB Kiv nq Zv‡K e‡j †evZvg †dvuo| (Qwe †`‡L Kwi)

µm †duvo w`‡q R¨v‡K‡Ui bKkv

MÖvd ev QK KvM‡R AvuKv bKkvwU Ni ¸‡b ¸‡b Kwi

Zviv †dvuo


Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

53

cvV: 10

K¤^j †duvo Mv‡qi kvj, K¤^j BZ¨vw`i cÖvšÍ †mjvB Kievi Rb¨ GB †duvo e¨envi Kiv nq| K¤j †duvo LyeB mnR| A‡bKUv †evZvg Ni †duv‡oi g‡Zv|

†evZvg Ni †duvo

†evZvg Ni †duvo w`‡q KvUIqvK©

K¤^j †duvo


mvwU©b †duvo mvwU©b †duvoI †ek mnR| Qwe †`‡LB Avkv Kwi Avgiv Ki‡Z cvie| GB †duvo cvkvcvwk Zzj‡Z nq|

†nwis‡evb †duvo GB †duvo A‡bKUv µm †duv‡oi g‡Zv| µm †duvo †hfv‡e Ki‡Z nq, GB †duvoI A‡bKUv †mfv‡eB Kie| Qwe †`‡L Avkv Kwi mn‡RB †duvowU Avgiv eyS‡Z cvie|

mvwU©b †duvo w`‡q bKkv

mvwU©b †duvo w`‡q dzj cvZv

†nwis †duvo I bKkv


Pvi“ I Kvi“Kjv

55

bKkvwU †nwis‡evb †duvo w`‡q Abykxjb Kwi

†djbv wRwbm w`‡q wkíKg©

†Kv‡bv Kv‡R jvM‡e bv †f‡e wRwbm Avgiv †d‡j †`B, †m¸‡jv‡KB ewj †djbv wRwbm| GKUz wPšÍv K‡i wb‡Ri Kíbvkw³‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q Gme †djbv wRwbm w`‡qI Avgiv A‡bK my›ì-my›ì wkíKg© ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvwi| cÖvK…wZKfv‡e cvIqv hvq Ggb A‡bK wRwbmB Avgv‡ì Av‡kcv‡k Qwo‡q Av‡Q hv mvaviYfv‡e Avgv‡ì †Pv‡L †djbv| Avgiv Lye GKUv †Lqvj Kwi bv, †Zgb bR‡i c‡o bv Ggb me wRwbm w`‡qI A‡bK my›ì-my›ì wRwbm ˆZwi Kiv hvq| my›ì wKQy ˆZwi Kivi cÖej B”Qv I Kíbv kw³ G `ywU‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡jB Avgiv Mv‡Qi ïKv‡bv Wvjcvjv, cvUKvwV, Kv‡Vi UzKiv BZ¨vw` †djbv wRwbm‡K i~‡c-i‡m f‡i w`‡q cÖvYešÍ I AvKl©Yxq wkíK‡g© i~cvwqZ Ki‡Z cvwi| Ggwb y-GKwU wkíK‡g©i K_v †R‡b †bB|

ïK‡bv Wv‡j KvM‡Ri dzj

eiB Mv‡Qi †QvU GKUv KvuUvIqvjv Wvj bvI| Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Mv‡Qi Wvj wb‡jI Pj‡e, Z‡e Zv‡Z KvuUv _vK‡Z n‡e| mv`v wKsev nvjKv njy i‡Oi Nywoi KvMR wb‡q 2.50 wmwg. PIov j¤^v dvwj Ki| KvM‡Ri dvwj wZb Pvi fuvR K‡i 2.54 †mwg. PIov I 15 †mwg. j¤^v Ki| Gevi KvuwP w`‡q KvM‡Ri dvwji GKcvk wPKb-wPKb K‡i KvU, Aci cv‡k †gvUvgywUfv‡e 6 †mwg. g‡Zv RvqMv AvMv‡Mvov †Rvov‡bv _vK‡e, †hb KvUv bv nq| Gfv‡e KvUv KvM‡Ri dvwjwU wKQyUv wPiywbi g‡Zv g‡b n‡e| KvM‡Ri dvwj KvUv n‡q †M‡j fvuR Ly‡j wbB| cvUKvwVi gv_vi miy Ask †e‡Q K‡qK UzK‡iv cvUKvwV wbB| aviv‡jv Qywi ev cyi‡bv †e −W w`‡q GK UzK‡iv cvUKvwVi GK gv_v mgvb K‡i KvwU| Gevi wPiywbi g‡Zv KvUv KvM‡Ri dvwji †Rvov‡bv cv‡k gq`vi AvVv jvwM‡q cvUKvwV mgvb K‡i KvUv gv_vi 635 †mwg. cwigvY RvqMvq KvM‡Ri †Rvov‡bv As‡ki gv_v ewm‡q


cu vwP‡q hvB| GK cu v‡Pi Ici Ab¨ cu vP co‡e| Gfv‡e cvuP-Qq cu¨vP †Ìqvi ci KvM‡Ri dvwj wQ‡o Avjv`v K‡i wbB| Gevi aviv‡jv Qywi ev †e−W w`‡q KvM‡Ri c¨vuP †Nu‡l KvMR m‡gZ cvUKvwVi gv_vwU †K‡U wbB| Gevi cvUKvwVi UzK‡ivq cu¨vPv‡bv KvUv KvM‡Ri miy gv_v¸‡jv Pviw`‡K mgvb K‡i Qwo‡q w`B| Kx my›ì dzj n‡q †Mj! Gfv‡e GKB cvUKvwVi gv_vq evi evi wPiywbi g‡Zv KvUv KvMR †cuwP‡q †K‡U wb‡q GKwUi ci GKwU dzj ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvwi| GK UzK‡iv cvUKvwV †kl n‡q †M‡j Av‡iK UzK‡iv †be| cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigv‡Y dyj ˆZwi n‡q †M‡j ïK‡bv Wv‡ji GK GKwU KvuUvq GK GKwU dzj †Mu‡_ ewm‡q †`B| Wv‡ji KvuUvi †P‡q dz‡ji wb‡Pi cvUKvwVi UzK‡iv A‡bK big, ZvB Mvu_‡Z Kó n‡e bv| mg¯Í WvjwU dz‡j dz‡j f‡i w`B| KZ my›ì jvM‡Q| †QvU GKUv dz‡ji U‡e gvwUi g‡a¨ dz‡ji WvjwU cuy‡Z GKUv gvbvbmB RvqMvq ivwL| ~i †_‡K †`wL mevB hLb Avmj dzj e‡j fyj Ki‡e ZLb Avgv‡ì †Kgb Avb›` n‡e| †gvRvBK Qwe

8Ñ11 BwÂ Kvco I AvBKv AvVv wbB| Kvc‡oi Ici GKwU cvwL AuvwK| Gici wewfbœ i‡Oi KvMR jvwM‡q Kvc‡oi dz‡ji Ici GKUvi ci GKUv wVKfv‡e mveav‡b jvMvB| cvwLi evB‡i Ab¨ i‡Oi UzK‡iv jvMv‡Z n‡e| `yw`b Gfv‡e †i‡L w`B| c‡i †d«g K‡i N‡i Uvbv‡Z cvie| GwU ˆZwi Ki‡Z Lye Avb›` cve| Gfv‡e B‡”Q Ki‡j iwOb KvMR w`‡qI GKBfv‡e †h‡Kv‡bv dzj, nvwZ ev †h‡Kv‡bv †gvRvBK Qwe ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvie|

†gvRvBK Qwe


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Avjy I †Xuom †K‡U i‡O Wywe‡q QvcwPÎ

Avjy, †Xuom A_ev Kijv †K‡U †h‡Kv‡bv is w`‡q Qvc †Ìqv hvq (e„‡Ëi bgybv Abymv‡i)| Avjy, †Xuom I Kijv A_ev Qvc †Ìqv hvq G ai‡bi †h‡Kv‡bv ZiKvwi †K‡U Ges †mwU w`‡q KvM‡R i‡Oi Qvc w`‡q my›ì bKkv ˆZwi Kiv hvq| GQvovI wewfbœ bZzb ai‡bi wRwbm w`‡q Qvc w`‡j my›ì-my›ì c¨vUvb© ˆZwi Kiv hvq|

cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ cvwb w`‡q ¸jv‡bv †h †Kv‡bv is G‡¶‡Î eënvi Kiv hv‡e| GB Qwe‡Z Avjy RvZxq †Kv‡bv big e ‘ cÖ_‡g gm„Y K‡i UzK‡iv †K‡U wb‡q ZviB GKvsk MZ© K‡i Ly‡` wb‡q Kxfv‡e Qvcv‡bvi Dc‡hvMx mvgwqK e−K K‡i wb‡Z n‡e Zv †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| H †Lv`vBK…Z As‡k is jvwM‡q Zv w`‡q wbw ©ó KvM‡R ev Kvc‡o Qvc gvi‡jB PgrKvi bKkvi m„wó n‡e|

†djbv KvM‡Ri gy‡Lvk ˆZwi

†d‡j †`qv A‡bK¸‡jv KvMR †RvMvo Kwi| KvMR¸‡jv 1 w`b cvwb‡Z wfwR‡q ivwL| AvUvi †jB ˆZwi Kwi (R¡vj w`‡q)|Gevi KvMR cvwb †_‡K wPcwo‡q Zz‡j wbB| AvUvi †jB‡qi mv‡_ KvM‡Ri wRwbm¸‡jv wgwk‡q wbB| G‡Z gÛ ˆZwi n‡e| g‡Ûi mv‡_ GKUz ZzuZ wgwk‡q wb‡Z n‡e| Zv bv n‡j †cvKvq †K‡U †dj‡e|


A‡bK¸‡jv ïK‡bv KvMR, `wo ev myZwj w`‡q †Mvj K‡i gvSvwi e‡ji AvKvi ˆZwi Kwi| Gevi e‡ji Dc‡ii w`‡K gvwUi g‡Zv KvM‡Ri gÛ w`‡q †h‡Kv‡bv weovj ev gvby‡li gy‡Li AvK…wZ Kwi| yB-wZb w`b ïKv‡Z w`B| ïwK‡q †M‡j wbP †_‡K KvM‡Ri ejwU †ei K‡i †dwj| gvbyl ev weov‡ji gy‡Lvk ˆZwi n‡q †Mj| Gevi is Kwi| (Qwe †`‡L Ki‡Z cvie)

†djbv KvM‡Ri g‡Ûi gy‡Lvk ˆZwi gvwU w`‡q †hfv‡e KvR Kiv hvq †Zgwb gÛ w`‡qI †Ljbv I cyZzj ˆZwi Kiv hvq


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bgybv cÖkœ

eûwbev©Pwb cÖkœ

1. m~wPwkí ej‡Z †evSvq-

(K) †cvkvK cwi”Q` (L) K‡qKwU †duvo

(M) wPÎKg (N) GK ai‡bi Kviywkí|

2. †PBb †duvo w`‡q Kiv hvq-

(K) †iLv †mjvB (L) †iLv I fivU KvR

(M) ïay †gvUv †iLv †mjvB (N) gywo †mjvB|

3. †evZvg Ni †duvo e¨envi Kiv nq-

(K) ïay †evZvg Ni †mjvB‡qi Rb¨ (L) †evZvg Ni I Ab¨vb¨ dzj jZv BZ¨vw` †mjvB‡qi Rb¨

(M) ïay jZv-cvZv †mjvB Kivi Rb¨ |

4. Zzjv w`‡q Qwe Ki‡Z n‡j cÖ_‡g-

(K) Qwei Kvc‡oi Ici †cbwmj w`‡q Qwe AvuK‡Z nq (L) Zzjv †K‡U †K‡U ewm‡q w`‡Z nq

(M) Zzjvi Ici Qwe Gu‡K KvU‡Z nq (N) KvM‡Ri Ici Av‡M Qwe Gu‡K

wb‡Z nq|

5. Qwe ˆZwii Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx Zzjv-

(K) mvaviY †cuRv Zzjv (L) wkgyj Zzjv

(M) e¨v‡Û‡Ri Zzjv (N) Kvc©vm Zzjv

6. Zzjv w`‡q iwOb Qwe ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡j-

(K) Qwe ˆZwi Kivi ci is jvMv‡bv nq (L) GK GK As‡k †K‡U †K‡U i‡O Pzev‡Z nq

(M) Av‡MB Zzjv is K‡i ïwK‡q ivL‡Z nq

wj‡L Reve `vI 1. m~wPwkí m¤ú‡K© GKwU mvaviY Av‡jvPbv Ki|

2. myuB-myZvi Kv‡R Kx Kx DcKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb?

3. †Zvgvi Rvbv K‡qKwU †dvu‡oi bvg †jL|

e¨envwiK (Activity) 1. GKwU iygvj ˆZwi K‡i Zv‡Z Wvj †duvo, †jwR-†WBwR †duvo I †evZvg Ni †duvo w`‡q GKwU bKkv †mjvB

Ki|


DÏxcKwU co I cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi `vI-

ixbv I Avcb GKw`b I‡ì eÜy KvR‡ji evwo‡Z †eov‡Z †Mj| evwo‡Z Iiv †`Lj Ii gv A‡bK gwnjv‡K

wewfbœ †mjvB †kLv‡”Qb| †KD †KD Avevi `jMZfv‡e GKwU bKwkKuv_v †mjvB Ki‡Qb| bKwkKuv_vq gvQ,

gvbyl, nvwZ, †Nvov, cvjwK, †bŠKv BZ¨vw` AuvKv| G¸‡jv †`‡L I‡ì bZzb AwfÁZv n‡jv| Iiv wVK Kij

evwo‡Z G‡m IivI Gfv‡e †QvU GKwU bKwkKuv_vi †mjvB w`‡q Qwe ˆZwi Ki‡e| Ges wb‡R‡ì Ni mvRv‡e|

K) ixbv I Avcb †Kv_vq †eov‡Z †Mj?

L) KvR‡ji gv Kx Kx †kLvw”Q‡jb?

M) bKwkKuv_vq Kx Kx wRwb‡mi Qwe AvuKv wQj?

N) ixbv I Avcb Kx ˆZwi Ki‡e?

O) Iiv QwewU Kx Ki‡e?


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2 pvi“ i kvi“kjv...2013/03/07 · 2 pvi“ i kvi“kjv rvzxq wk vµg i cvv¨cy¯—k †evw©...

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