Xi Jing FangXi Jing Fang

Jing Meng Jing Meng

Natasha SorianoNatasha Soriano

Kendra HanagamiKendra Hanagami

(New) Bangkok International (New) Bangkok International AirportAirport

Suvarnabhumi Airport,Suvarnabhumi Airport,Bangkok, Thailand Bangkok, Thailand

OverviewOverview

�� Magnitudes and Financing Magnitudes and Financing

�� Social and Economic BenefitsSocial and Economic Benefits

�� Technical Issues and InnovationsTechnical Issues and Innovations

�� Policy Challenges and Social ProblemsPolicy Challenges and Social Problems

LocationLocation

�� Samut Prakan Samut Prakan

Province, Province,

ThailandThailand

�� 25 km to the 25 km to the �� 25 km to the 25 km to the

east of east of

downtown downtown

BangkokBangkok

MagnitudesMagnitudes

�� 1973 1973 –– Land purchased in Land purchased in

�� 2002 2002 –– construction beganconstruction began

�� September 28, 2006 open September 28, 2006 open

�� Cost: $3.8 billionCost: $3.8 billion

�� Approximately 232 hectacresApproximately 232 hectacres

Airport FeaturesAirport Features

�� 2 parallel runways2 parallel runways

�� 51 air bridges 51 air bridges

�� 120 parking bays120 parking bays

�� Capacity per year of Capacity per year of Capacity per year of Capacity per year of

�� 76 flights per hour76 flights per hour

�� 45 million passengers45 million passengers

�� 3 million tones of cargo 3 million tones of cargo

�� 5,000 car parking lot5,000 car parking lot

�� Tallest control Tower Tallest control Tower (132.2m)(132.2m)

Further ExpansionFurther Expansion

�� Two additional runwaysTwo additional runways

�� It will cater to over 100 million passengers per It will cater to over 100 million passengers per

yearyear

Financing and ManagementFinancing and Management

�� 40%: Airports of Thailand PLC.(AOT)40%: Airports of Thailand PLC.(AOT)

�� 58.4%: Japan Bank of International 58.4%: Japan Bank of International Cooperation (JBIC)Cooperation (JBIC)

1.6%: of other financial institution1.6%: of other financial institution�� 1.6%: of other financial institution1.6%: of other financial institution

�� Breakdown of budget:Breakdown of budget:Type Percent

Engineering Cost 63.58

Management Cost 2.35

Financing Cost 2.83

Other Cost 31.24

Ground TransportationGround Transportation

1.1. Suvarnabhumi Airport Suvarnabhumi Airport Express (under construction)Express (under construction)

2.2. Train ($1.27)Train ($1.27)2.2. Train ($1.27)Train ($1.27)

3.3. Express bus ($4.25)Express bus ($4.25)

4.4. City bus ($1)City bus ($1)

5.5. Public taxi ($6Public taxi ($6--$12) 30$12) 30--40 40 minmin

UsesUses

�� Built to replace the old airport of Don MuangBuilt to replace the old airport of Don Muang

�� The airport is the main hub forThe airport is the main hub for

�� Thai Airways InternationalThai Airways International

�� Bangkok Airways Bangkok Airways

�� Orient Thai AirlinesOrient Thai Airlines�� Orient Thai AirlinesOrient Thai Airlines

�� PBair PBair

�� Thai AirAsia Thai AirAsia ��focus city for China Airlines, focus city for China Airlines, Cathay Pacific, Emirates Cathay Pacific, Emirates Airline, EVA Air, Indian Airline, EVA Air, Indian Airlines, and SriLankan Airlines, and SriLankan Airlines.Airlines.

Economic BenefitsEconomic Benefits

�� Southeast Asia's regional cargo hub, able to Southeast Asia's regional cargo hub, able to

move 6 million tons of freight per year. move 6 million tons of freight per year.

1 B Baht = $28.3 M

Economic BenefitsEconomic Benefits

�� Enhances Thailand as a Southeast Asian air hub Enhances Thailand as a Southeast Asian air hub

�� Employment generated by Suvarnabhumi Employment generated by Suvarnabhumi

Airport both direct and indirect will be 340,000 Airport both direct and indirect will be 340,000

jobs by 2035jobs by 2035jobs by 2035jobs by 2035

�� "Aerotropolis" development possiblitlies"Aerotropolis" development possiblitlies

Social benefitsSocial benefits

�� Improved quality of life and mental health in Improved quality of life and mental health in

Don Muang communities by reducingDon Muang communities by reducing

�� noisenoise

�� pollutionpollution�� pollutionpollution

�� CongestionCongestion

�� Improved ground transportationImproved ground transportation

Technical IssuesTechnical Issues

�� Initial DifficultiesInitial Difficulties

�� Computer systems Computer systems

�� Check in system failedCheck in system failed

�� Departure Boards with wrong informationDeparture Boards with wrong information�� Departure Boards with wrong informationDeparture Boards with wrong information

�� Cargo computers failed Cargo computers failed

Technical Issues: Technical Issues:

Problems with TarmacProblems with Tarmac

� Airport is located on a once low-lying marsh caused:�� Rutting Rutting –– grooves made by passage of grooves made by passage of planesplanes�� 5 of 6 taxi lanes 5 of 6 taxi lanes �� 5 of 6 taxi lanes 5 of 6 taxi lanes

�� 1 of 6 taxiways1 of 6 taxiways

�� Plastic Deformation: observed near Plastic Deformation: observed near takeoff position of runwaytakeoff position of runway

� Findings:� Plastic Deformation & rutting are common phenomenon

� Only routine maintenance required

Technical Issues Continued: Technical Issues Continued:

Problems with TarmacProblems with Tarmac

�� Water Infiltration into base courseWater Infiltration into base course

�� Disputes over how to handle Disputes over how to handle problem, between Engineering problem, between Engineering Institute of Thailand (EIT) and Institute of Thailand (EIT) and Airports of Thailand (AoT) Airports of Thailand (AoT) Airports of Thailand (AoT) Airports of Thailand (AoT)

�� November 2006 November 2006 –– EIT sent a formal EIT sent a formal warning about urgent need to drain warning about urgent need to drain water water

�� EIT stated “EIT stated “The situation might not have become this bad if the water had been drained then.“

�� February 2007 February 2007 –– EIT strongly EIT strongly recommended that trapped water recommended that trapped water should be drained to minimize spread should be drained to minimize spread of cracksof cracks

Technical InnovationsTechnical Innovations

�� Triple Layer Roof to Triple Layer Roof to

reduce heat transfer reduce heat transfer

(reduce space cooling (reduce space cooling

needs), noise, and needs), noise, and

increased durability.increased durability.increased durability.increased durability.

�� The outer membrane is The outer membrane is

of glass fiber with a of glass fiber with a

PTFEPTFE--coating, coating,

distinguished by high distinguished by high

reflectance, high tensile reflectance, high tensile

strength, dirtstrength, dirt--repellence repellence

and durability and durability

Technical InnovationsTechnical Innovations

�� The middle layer serves The middle layer serves primarily as sound primarily as sound protection: PC sheets protection: PC sheets through out the entire through out the entire roof construction roof construction attains a sound attains a sound attains a sound attains a sound reduction index of 35 reduction index of 35 dB dB

�� The inner layer is Glass The inner layer is Glass Fiber with low eFiber with low e--coating. coating. Excellent visual, lowExcellent visual, low--e, e, and noise absorption and noise absorption propertiesproperties

�� Transport Ministry’s Transport Ministry’s

One Airport PolicyOne Airport Policy

�� Should use Should use

Suvarnabhumi Airport Suvarnabhumi Airport

(SA) with Don Muang (SA) with Don Muang

Policy ChallengesPolicy Challenges

(SA) with Don Muang (SA) with Don Muang

AirportAirport

�� March 2009 March 2009 –– SA close SA close

to capacity at 45 million to capacity at 45 million

passengers annuallypassengers annually

�� Don Muang has Don Muang has

capacity of 30 million capacity of 30 million

that is unusedthat is unused

Policy Challenges Cont.Policy Challenges Cont.

�� One Airport Policy made it necessary to:One Airport Policy made it necessary to:

�� Move millions of tons of aircraft & equipment in Move millions of tons of aircraft & equipment in

12 hours12 hours12 hours12 hours

�� Transported via 2,928 trips between the 2 airports, Transported via 2,928 trips between the 2 airports,

mostly by 10 wheel trucksmostly by 10 wheel trucks

�� Phased over 15 weeksPhased over 15 weeks

Policy Challenges

• Series of Delays:

– 8000 acre plot purchased in 1973 � moved forward

in 1996

• Government Overthrow: • Government Overthrow:

– Thaksin Shinawatra government ordered airport

open in September 2006

– Sept. 19 – Thaksin deposed in a bloodless coup

– Sept. 28 – New military officials forced timely

airport opening

Problems with AirportProblems with Airport

�� Overcrowding and Delays Overcrowding and Delays

�� Lack of ToiletsLack of Toilets

�� New: 205 toilets, New: 205 toilets,

118 urinals, 248 wash basins118 urinals, 248 wash basins118 urinals, 248 wash basins118 urinals, 248 wash basins

�� Inadequate and ambiguous signsInadequate and ambiguous signs

�� Faulty air conditioningFaulty air conditioning

�� Lack of seats in departure areaLack of seats in departure area

�� Unfinished aestheticallyUnfinished aesthetically

Social Problem: Staff RelocationSocial Problem: Staff Relocation

�� Survey found following concerns by staff:Survey found following concerns by staff:

�� Changed way of lifeChanged way of life

�� Increased transportation costsIncreased transportation costs

�� Relocation of children's schoolsRelocation of children's schools

�� One Airport Policy necessitated relocation of One Airport Policy necessitated relocation of

staff:staff:

�� New homesNew homes

�� Provide staff busesProvide staff buses

Social Problem: Fear of GhostsSocial Problem: Fear of Ghosts�� GhostsGhosts

�� Superstitious Construction Workers & airport staffSuperstitious Construction Workers & airport staff

�� Wat Nhong Prue and its cemeteryWat Nhong Prue and its cemetery

�� Airports of Thailand Ceremony: 99 Buddhist Monks Airports of Thailand Ceremony: 99 Buddhist Monks chanting prayers to raise moralechanting prayers to raise moralechanting prayers to raise moralechanting prayers to raise morale

�� Poo Ming Poo Ming –– “guardian spirit of land” required a “guardian spirit of land” required a proper spirit house at airportproper spirit house at airport

Social Problem: Protests at Social Problem: Protests at

AirportsAirports�� November 26 2008 November 26 2008 –– “Airport Blast “Airport Blast

Kills Activist”Kills Activist”

�� At 2 Bangkok airportsAt 2 Bangkok airports

�� People's Alliance for Democracy (PAD)People's Alliance for Democracy (PAD)

�� Trying to send a message to the Trying to send a message to the

government government

�� PAD angry about cureent government PAD angry about cureent government

as a front for Thaksinas a front for Thaksin

�� Closure of main international gateway Closure of main international gateway

at SA & cancellation of flightsat SA & cancellation of flights