2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman Publishers

Chapter 10: Graphic Illustrations

Bridging the Gap, 9/eBrenda Smith

2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

In this chapter you will answer the questions:

• What do graphics do?• What is a diagram?• What does a table do?• What is most helpful on a typical map?• What does a pie graph represent?• How do you read a bar graph?• What is a line graph?• What information does a flowchart

convey?

2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

What Do Graphics Do?

• Condense.

• Clarify.

• Convince.

2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

Reader’s Tip: How to Read Graphic Material

• Read the title to get an overview.

• Look for footnotes and read introductory material.

• Read the labels.

• Notice the trends and find the extremes.

• Draw conclusions and formulate future exam questions.

2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

Five Kinds of Graphic Illustrations

1. Diagrams

2. Tables

3. Maps

4. Graphs

5. Flowcharts

electron

neutron

proton

2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

Diagrams

• A diagram is an outline drawing or picture of an object or a process.

2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

Tables

• A table is a listing of facts and figures in columns and rows for quick and easy reference.

2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

How to Read a Table

• First read the title for the topic.

• Then read the footnotes to judge the source.

• Determine what each column represents and how they interact.

2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

Maps

Traditional Maps:

• Show the location of cities, waterways, sites, and roads.

• Show differences in the physical terrain of specified areas.

• A modern map highlights special characteristics or population distribution of a particular area.

2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

How to Read a Map

• Note the title, source, and date.

• Study the legend for meanings of symbols and shading.

2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

Pie Graphs

• A pie graph is a circle that is divided into wedge-shaped slices.

• The complete pie or circle represents a total, or 100% percent.

• Each slice is a percent or fraction of that whole.

2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

Bar Graphs

A Bar Graph is:

• a series of horizontal or vertical bars in which the length of each bar represents a particular amount.

• a series of different items which can be quickly compared by noting the different bar lengths.

2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

Line Graph

A Line Graph is:• A continuous curve or frequency distribution in

which numbers are plotted in an unbroken line.• The horizontal scale measures one aspect of

the data.• The vertical line measures another aspect.• As the data fluctuate, the line will change

direction and will become very jagged.

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100

1st Q tr 2ndQ tr

3rd Q tr 4th Q tr

East

West

North

2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

Flowcharts

• A flowchart shows the sequence of a set of elements and the relationships among them.

• Key ideas are stated in boxes, and supporting ideas are linked by arrows.

2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

Summary Points

• What do graphics do?• What is a diagram?• What does a table do?• What is most helpful on a typical map?• What does a pie graph represent?• How do you read a bar graph?• What is a line graph?• What information does a flowchart

convey?

2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

Search the Net

• For suggested Web sites and other research activities regarding reading graphic illustrations, go to:

• http://www.ablongman.com/smith/

2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers

Vocabulary Booster

• Complete the vocabulary exercises entitled “Play It Again, Sam” from your textbook.