2008 pearson education, inc., publishing as longman publishers chapter 2: vocabulary bridging the...
TRANSCRIPT
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Chapter 2: Vocabulary
Bridging the Gap, 9/eBrenda Smith
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
In This Chapter You Will Answer the Questions:
• How do you remember new words?• What are context clues?• Why learn prefixes, roots, and suffixes?• What will you find in a dictionary?• What is a glossary?• What is a thesaurus?• What are analogies?• What are acronyms?• How are transitional words used?
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Remembering New Words
• Use Mnemonic Devices• Example: To remember that
suppression means “to force out bad thoughts,” visualize SUPerman PRESSing evil thoughts away. Or remember the Superman movies.
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Remembering New Words
• Associate Words in Phrases• Associate Words with Rhymes
or Sounds• Associate Words with Images• Associate Words in Families• Seek Reinforcement• Create Concept Cards
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Using Context Clues
• Definition or Synonym
• Elaborating Details
• Examples
• Comparison
• Contrast
• Antonyms
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Understanding the Structure of Words
• Prefixes
• Suffixes
• Roots
• Word Families
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Using a Dictionary
• Guide Words.
• Pronunciation.
• Part of Speech.
• Spellings.
• Origin.
• Multiple Meanings.
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Word Origins - Etymology
• Bribe means - Favor or money given for influence
• Origin - French bread given to a beggar
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Using a Glossary
A glossary is usually found at the end of a book or chapter.
Sometimes the glossary and the index are combined.
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Using a ThesaurusSuggested Synonyms for Common Words
Delinquency
Fault
Guilt Misconduct
Shame
Transgression
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Using Analogies
• Analogies are comparisons that call upon your word knowledge and your ability to see relationships.
• You can use these relationships to figure out a word.
• Example: Trash is to refuse as soil is to dirt. OR Fork is to eat as television is to entertain.
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Reader’s Tip: Categories of Analogy Relationships
• Synonyms
• Antonyms
• Function, use, or purpose
• Classification
• Characteristics and descriptions
• Degree
• Part to whole
• Cause and effect
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Analogies (Synonyms)
Synonyms: similar in meaning
Example: Find is to locate as hope is to wish.
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Analogies (Antonyms)
Antonyms: Opposite in meaning
Example: Accept is to reject as rude is to polite.
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Analogies (Function)
Function, use, or purpose: Identifies what something does, watch for the object (noun) and then the action (verb).
Example: Pool is to swim as blanket is to warm.
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Easily Confused Words
• Homonyms: bear the burden and bear the animal
• Other examples:– You’re, your– Stationary, stationery– There, their, they’re
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Recognizing Acronyms
• An acronym is an abbreviation that is pronounced as a word.
• What do these acronyms mean?– ATV– SCUBA– MRI– UNICEF
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Recognizing Transitional Words
Transitional words connect ideas and signal the direction of a writer’s thought.
• “In addition”– signals a continuation
• “But” or “However” – signals a change
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Reader’s Tip: Types of Transitional Words
• Addition
• Example
• Time Sequence
• Comparison
• Contrast
• Cause and Effect
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Summary Points
• How do you remember new words?• What are context clues?• Why learn prefixes, roots, and suffixes?• What will you find in a dictionary?• What is a glossary?• What is a thesaurus?• What are analogies?• What are acronyms?• How are transitional words used?
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Search the Net
For suggested Web sites and other research activities, go to http://www.ablongman.com/smith/
2008 Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing as Longman Publishers
Vocabulary Booster
• Complete the Vocabulary Booster “Over, Under, Around, and Through.”