2010 u.s.africa command posture statement

8/14/2019 2010 U.S.Africa Command Posture Statement

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United States Africa Command

2010

Partnership

StabilityPeace


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ext o this booklet was prepared or the United States Congress

by the U.S. Arica Command sta

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Printed March 2010 by United States Arica Command

STATEMENT OF

GENERAL WILLIAM E. WARD, USA

COMMANDER,

UNITED STATES AFRICA COMMAND

BEFORE THE SENATE ARMED SERVICES COMMITTEE

&

THE HOUSE ARMED SERVICES COMMITTEE

ON

09-10 March 2010


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1

Partnership - Peace - Stability

March 2010

Greetings,

It has been twelve extraordinary months since my last posturetestimonies to the Congressional Armed Services Committees. Duringthat time, United States Arica Command ocused its eorts onsupporting measurable progress by Arican states in building capable and

proessional militaries that are subordinate to civilian authority, respecthuman rights, and adhere to the rule o law. Tis, in turn, contributes toincreased security and stability in Arica. Te programs and activities o

our command are in direct support o advancing and protecting U.S. interests in Arica. At the sametime, they provide an opportunity or Arican states and regional organizations to promote democracy,expand development, provide or their common deense, and better serve their people.

Te steady growth in scope and participation o many o our earliest initiatives is one measure o our

success thus ar. Our rst maritime security initiative, the Arican Partnership Station, is now on itsfh rotation and has expanded rom West and Central Arica to include partner nations in East Aricaand the Western Indian Ocean. AFRICA ENDEAVOR, a multinational exercise aimed at testing andstrengthening the communications interoperability o Arican militaries to enable their coordinationin regional peacekeeping, humanitarian and disaster relie operations, has grown to more than 30

participating nations.

With the growth o U.S. Arica Commands component and subordinate commands (Air Force,Army, Marine Corps, Navy, and Special Operations), new programs are making immediate impacts.Tis was vividly demonstrated by NAURAL FIRE, a humanitarian assistance and disaster responseexercise in Uganda and Kenya last all that brought together several central and eastern Arican nations

in a spirit o cooperation.Our inclusive approach o engaging other U.S. government agencies to develop collaborative

programs bore much ruit. One particular example is the Arican Maritime Law EnorcementProgram, developed in collaboration with the Department o Homeland Security to leverage U.S.Coast Guard capabilities in eorts to strengthen the abilities o Arican partner nations to moreeectively control their territorial waters.

As the 2010 U.S. Arica Command Posture Statement will show, our activities and programs arehelping our Arican partners assume an ever-increasing role in addressing security concerns o thecontinent and its island nations. By ocusing on long-term capacity building, we are implementing a

preventive strategy that serves the interests o the United States, our Arican partners, and other allies.


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5/443Partnership - Peace - Stability

INTRODUCTION

STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTNATURE OF THE ENVIRONMENT

AREAS OF POTENTIAL CONFLICT AND IMPACTS ON PEACE AND SECURITY

TRANSNATIONAL CHALLENGES VIOLENT EXTREMISM, TRAFFICKING, PIRACY

PUBLIC HEALTH, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, AND DEMOCRATIZATION

THE AFRICAN SECURITY SECTOR

U.S. AFRICA COMMANDS APPROACH

U.S. AFRICA COMMAND PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIESBUILDING CAPACITY OF PARTNER CONVENTIONAL FORCES

SUPPORTING CAPACITY BUILDING OF PARTNER SECURITY FORCES

BUILDING CAPACITY OF PARTNER ENABLING FORCES

FOSTERING STRONG STRATEGIC RELATIONSHIPS

CONDUCTING DEFENSE SECTOR REFORM

FOSTERING REGIONAL COOPERATION, SITUATIONAL AWARENESS, AND INTEROPERABILITY

COUNTERING TRANSNATIONAL AND EXTREMIST THREATS

CONTRIBUTING TO STABILITY IN CURRENT ZONES OF CONFLICT

ADDRESSING CONDITIONS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO INSTABILITY

U.S. AFRICA COMMAND COMPONENT AND SUBORDINATE COMMANDSU.S. ARMY AFRICA (USARAF)

U.S. NAVAL FORCES, AFRICA (NAVAF)

U.S. AIR FORCES, AFRICA (AFAFRICA)

U.S. MARINE CORPS FORCES, AFRICA (MARFORAF)

U.S. SPECIAL OPERATIONS COMMAND, AFRICA (SOCAFRICA)

COMBINED JOINT TASK FORCE - HORN OF AFRICA (CJTF-HOA)

COMMAND ENABLERS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIESAUTHORITIES

THEATER INFRASTRUCTURE AND POSTURE REQUIREMENTS

RESOURCES

INTERAGENCY INTEGRATION AND CONTRIBUTION

WELL-BEING PROGRAMS

CONCLUSION

TABLE OF CONTENTS



It is my privilege as commander of United States Africa Command to present tCongress our Posture Statement for 2010. U.S. Africa Commands operationsand programs protect American lives and interests, in Africa and in the homelandby supporting security and stability in Africa and its island states. We concentratour strategy and eorts on helping African states build capable and professionalmilitaries that are subordinate to civilian authority, respect human rights, and

adhere to the rule of law. We are assisting our African partners in building capacities to counter

transnational threats from violent extremist organizations; to stem illicit tracking in humans,narcotics, and weapons; to support peacekeeping operations; and to address the consequencesof humanitarian disasterswhether man-made or naturalthat cause loss of life and displacepopulations.

Supporting the development of professional and capable militaries contributes to increasingsecurity and stability in Africaallowing African states and regional organizations to promotedemocracy, to expand development, to provide for their common defense, and to better servetheir people.

In his address in Ghana last July, President Obama rearmed Africas strategic importanceto the United States and our national interests. He identied four priorities for the U.S.

governments engagement eorts:

Supporting strong and sustainable democracies and good governance

Fostering sustained economic growth and development

Increasing access to quality health and education

Helping to prevent, mitigate, and resolve armed conict

Through sustained security engagement with African militaries, U.S. Africa Command issupporting U.S. national interests and both the Presidents priorities and our African partnersobjectivesnow and in the long-term.

In this report, I provide an overview of the strategic environment in Africa, explain our strategapproach, and show how our security cooperation eorts, designed and executed in closecoordination with our interagency partners, are promoting stability in Africa in support of U.S.foreign policy and national security objectives.

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A T L A N T I C

O C E A N

I N D I A N

O C E A N

00 W 0 E 20 E 30 E 40 E 50 E

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0 N

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KENYA

ETHIOPIA

ERITREA

SUDAN

EGYPT

NIGERMAURITANIA MALI

NIGERIA

SOMALIA

NAMIBIA

LIBYA

CHAD

SOUTH AFRICA

TANZANIA

ANGOLA

ALGERIA

MADAGASCAR

MOZAMBIQUE

BOTSWANA

ZAMBIA

GABON

CENTRALAFRICAN

REPUBLIC

TUNISIA

MOROCCO

UGANDA

SWAZILAND

LESOTHO

MALAWI

BURUNDI

RWANDA

TOGO

BENIN

GHANA

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LIBERIA

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CONGO

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EQUATORIAL GUINEA

WESTERNSAHARA

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SENEGAL

GUINEA BISSAU

JORDANISRAEL

LEBANON

KUWAIT

QATARBAHRAIN

U. A. E.

YEMEN

SYRIA

IRAQIRAN

SAUDIARABIA

MALTA

11.7 MILLION sQUAre MILes

20 PerCeNt Of the eArths LANd MAss

POPULAtION Of Over 1 bILLION

800 ethNIC grOUPs

1,000 dIffereNt LANgUAges

thIs MAP dePICts the AfrICAN UNIONs fIve regIONs Of AfrIC A: NOrtherN AfrICA,

westerN AfrICA, eAsterN AfrICA, CeNtrAL AfrICA, ANd sOUtherN AfrICA

The challenges and opportunities in U.S. Africa Commands Area of Responsibility (AOR) are complex anddynamic. The application of only military means is insucient to help our partners address them. U.S. AfricaCommand seeks to be part of a coordinated eort that integrates all tools available to our international andinteragency partners.

Our discussion of the strategic environment in Africa begins with the key Defense Department concernsnoted by the President: the potential for conict, transnational threats, and other threats to peace andsecurity. It is followed by an overview of the important issues faced by our African partner militaries as theyseek to confront these threats.

U.S. AFRICA COMMAND SUPPORTS AFRICANS AND THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITy TO HELP ACHIEVE THE FUNDAMENT

PREMISE THAT PROFESSIONAL MILITARIES ARE SERVANTS OF THEIR PEOPLE, CONTRIBUTING TO STABILITy AND HELPIN

PROMOTE THE wELL-BEING OF ITS CITIzENS -- AS PROTECTORS AND NOT OPPRESSORS.

- GENERAL wILLIAM KIP wARD, U.S. AFRICA COMMAN



KItgUM, UgANdA - sOLdIers frOM KeNyA, bUrUNdI, rwANdA, tANzANIA, UgANdA ANd the UNIted stAtesPArtICIPAte IN NAtUrAL fIre 10, A 10 -dAy MULtINAtIONAL MILItAry exerCIse fOCUsed ON hUMANItArIAN ANCIvIC AssIstANCe, dIsAster reLIef ANd regIONAL seCUrIty OCtOber 16, 2009 IN NOrtherN UgANdA. (U.s. ArAfrICA PhOtO)

Nature of the eNviroNmeNt

Africa is a large and diverse continent whose landmass is about three and a half times the size of thecontinental United States. The distance from Africasnorthernmost tip to its southernmost tip is roughlyequal to the distance from New York to Moscow. Its

53 countries each have unique histories.Africa is home to one billion people, divided among

800 ethnicities and speaking about 1000 dierentlanguages. Ethnic ties are strong, and ethnicdynamics often inuence national politics. Africaspopulation growth rate is the highest in the world.Of the 40 countries worldwide with the highest ratesof growth, 34 are African.

While an increasing number of African states areconducting elections, many of the requirements of

enduring liberal democracies, such as the rule of law,protection of individual rights, and a vibrant civilsociety, are nascent or non-existent. Additionally,in some countries previously demonstratingliberalization and democratization, increasingexamples of authoritarianism are emerging.

areas of PoteNtial CoNfliCtaNd imPaCts oN PeaCe aNd seCurity

Africa is still dealing with the eects of widespreaconict that engulfed the continent following theindependence movements of the last half of the lascentury, with some still on-going today.

The eects of armed conict in Africa are severe.The African Union (AU) estimates that Africa hasthe worlds largest number of forcibly displacedindividuals, with close to three million refugeesand approximately 11.6 million internally displacedpersons in 19 countries across the continent.According to a 2007 study by Oxfam International othe economic impact of armed conict, 23 Africancountries lost an estimated 284 billion dollars inrevenue between 1990 and 2005 as a result ofarmed conict. Oxfam estimated that an armedconict in Africa contracts a countrys economy onaverage by 15 percent. Conict is a major obstacle tdevelopment and the delivery of basic services, sucas health and education.



Today, 8 of the 17 ongoing peacekeeping operationsor political missions administered by the UnitedNations (UN) are on the African continent. The 8missions in Africa account for approximately 75percent of the UNs military, police, and civilian

peacekeepers deployed world-wide. The numberand scale of peacekeeping missions increasinglystrain donor states and regional organizations.Therefore, it is in our interests to help our Africanpartners improve their capabilities and broaden theircapacities.

While the number of violent conicts in Africa hasdecreased over the past 10 years, signicant potentialfor new and continued conict remains.

InSudan,Darfurremainsinsecure,violencehasincreasedinSouthernSudan,andtensionscontinueinborderareas.

Somaliaremainsacountryinarmedconict,asitsTransitionalFederalGovernment(TFG)battlesviolentIslamicextremists.

DespitepressurebytheUgandanPeoplesDefenceForces(UPDF),scatteredelementsoftheLordsResistanceArmycontinuetooperateandcommitatrocitiesagainstcivilianpopulationsintheCentral

AfricanRepublic,northernDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo(DRC),andSouthernSudan.

IntheDRC,independentlocalmilitias,theinsurgentDemocraticForcesfortheLiberationofRwanda,andsomeill-disciplinedCongolesearmedforcesremaindestabilizingforcesinthecountryseasternregion.

traNsNatioNal ChalleNges

Threats to stability do not necessarily manifestthemselves in conict, but can nevertheless havea corrosive inuence on the development of good

governance, viable market economies, and eectivesecurity sectors. Weakly governed spaces providefavorable operating environments for violentextremism, piracy, and tracking of humans,weapons, and drugs, posing direct threats to the U.homeland and our interests abroad.

vIOLeNt extreMIsM

Violent extremism by transnational terroristorganizations is a major source of regional

instability. In the last year, al-Qaeda and terroristgroups in Africa appear to have strengthened theircollaboration. Al-Qaeda operatives are active inEast Africa, while al-Qaeda in the Lands of theIslamic Maghreb (AQIM) operates across the trans-Sahara region of Northern and Western Africa. Theleaders of Somalia-based Al-Shabaab have publiclyaligned themselves with al-Qaeda, having issuedpublic statements praising Osama Bin Ladin andlinking Somalia to al-Qaedas global operations. Al-Shabaab also announced its support to al-Qaeda

in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) at the same timethat AQAP activities increased in Yemen, separatedfrom Somalia by the 20-mile wide Bab-el-MandabStrait. Al-Shabaab continues to operate multipleterrorist training camps in Somalia with al-Qaedaparticipation.

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Al-Qaeda and al-Qaeda aliates also targetthe United States and our European and Africanpartners across North Africa and the Sahel. Terroristactivities, kidnapping, illicit tracking of all types(humans, weapons, drugs), and the existence ofunder-governed spaces in the Sahel contribute tothe regions vulnerability and make it susceptible to

extremist inuences.

Countries of the Maghreb, like Algeria andMorocco, partner with the United States to respondto terrorism and check the western extension ofal-Qaeda and its aliates. Yet, enhancing securitydepends upon regional cooperation and thedevelopment of stable and growing economies toundercut the recruiting activities of violent extremistorganizations.

ILLICIt trAffICKINg

Narcotics tracking is a growing concern in Africa.West Africa is a node for Latin American drugstransiting to their primary destination in Europeanmarkets. In addition, drugs originating in Asia aretransported through South and East Africa on theirway to Europe. The destabilizing and corruptinginuence of narcotics tracking threatens to turnGuinea-Bissau into a narco-state and helps to expandthe Latin American cartels network and inuencethroughout the region. Many African countries lackthe capability to interdict the ow of narcoticsonland, air, or sea. While not as directly impacted by

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narcotics ows through Africa as our European alliethe United States has a vested interest in counterinthe destabilizing impacts of drug tracking onsecurity, stability, and development in Africa.

Many Africans also remain vulnerable to humantracking in the forms of forced labor, child labor,

child soldiers, and slavery. While some countriesare making strides to counter tracking in persons,many lack the law enforcement capacity to addressthis problem.

PIrACy

Incidents of piracy in the Horn of Africa and Gulfof Aden have continued to receive internationalattention. In 2009, pirate attacks continued toescalate in frequency and expanded their geograph

range in the western Indian Ocean out to 1,000nautical miles from the African coast. U.S. AfricaCommand continues to support counter-piracyoperations through the employment of UnmannedAerial Vehicles and Maritime Patrol Aircrafttemporarily based in the Seychelles.

PubliC hea lth, eCoNomiCdeveloPmeNt, aNd demoCratizatioN

Public health, economic development, anddemocratization challenges continue to signicantlyimpact the security environment in Africa.



PUbLIC heALth seCtOr

African populations remain at great risk to ahost of infectious diseases, including 2009 H1N1Inuenza. The Human Immunodeciency Virus/Acquired Immune Deciency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS),tuberculosis, and malaria are the leading causes ofadult mortality in Africa. Most African countrieslack adequate capacity and capability to contain ormitigate the threat of pandemic diseases.

Pandemic disease is not only a human security

issue, but also a military readiness challenge. Forexample, some of our African partners haveprofessional and capable militaries that contributethousands of soldiers to UN and AU missions inSomalia, Sudan, DRC, and elsewhere. However, theywould have even greater peacekeeping capacities ifit were not for the high rates of HIV/AIDS incidencefound in their military forces.

eCONOMIC deveLOPMeNt

Until the global economic crisis of late 2008, Africas a whole experienced a 10-year trend of sustainedeconomic growth, averaging over 5 percent growthin gross domestic product per year. High oil pricesenabled some African oil-producing countries toachieve economic growth that rivaled the worldshighest rates. However, countries solely dependenon oil and extractive commodities revenuewere vulnerable to falling prices. In many cases,undiversied economies, high unemployment, and

corruption, have prevented the wealth generatedby Africas natural resources from nding its way tothe neediest segments of African societies. The UNidentied Africa as the worlds most impoverishedcontinent, containing 25 of the worlds poorestcountries.

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deMOCrAtIzAtION

Over the past 20 years, many African countrieshave moved toward democratic processes, goodgovernance, and the rule of law. In January 2009,Ghanaian voters conducted their fourth free andfair presidential election in 15 years. For the second

time, the ruling party was peacefully replaced bythe opposition. In April 2009, over 13 million South

the afriCaN seCurity seCtor

Although African countries have consistently expressed a strong desire to provide for their security andaddress these various challenges themselves, many lack sucient means to do so without foreign assistanceThe challenges they face can be broadly described as:

Africans went to the polls and elected Jacob Zuma,the countrys fourth president since the end ofapartheid, and Botswana, in October 2009, heldits tenth democratic presidential election sinceindependencethe most of any post-colonial sub-Saharan African country. Since the 1990s, manyAfrican states have also moved from dictatorship

toward democracy.

Militarieshavefrequentlybeenusedastoolsofauthoritarianregimestoprotecttheirleadersandsuppresstheopposition.Thishasledtocorruptionanddistrustbythepopulace.

IncreasedprofessionalizationofmanyAfricanmilitariesremainsaworkinprogress.Traditionally,thedevelopmentofmaritimeandaircomponentshaslaggedthatoflandcomponentsinmostAfricanmilitaries.

ThelegacyofColdWarpoliticsoodedAfricawithcompetingstreamsofmilitaryequipment,tactics,anddoctrine.Muchofwhatremainsispoorlyfunctioningandill-suitedforconfrontingtodayschallenges.

Althoughregionalcooperationhasimprovedtremendously,combinedeortstoconfronttransnationalchallengesarelimited.Domesticpoliticscaninhibitagovernmentswillingnesstotakestrongactionagainstaviolentextremistorganizationorotherdirethreats.

TheAUsAfricanStandbyForceanditsveBrigadeshaveshowncontinueddevelopmen

butarenotyetfullymissioncapable.Theylacksucientenablerstobecomeself-sustainingasapeacekeepingandcrisisresponseforce.Nationalpeacekeepingcapabilitiesaresimilarlylacking,althoughsomecountrieshavemaderegularandsubstantialcontributionstointernationalpeacekeepingmissions.



stUttgArt, gerMANy - LIbyAN COLONeL AbdeLgANe MOhAMed, Left, INtervIews vICe AdMIrAL rObertMOeLLer, U.s. Af rICA COMMANd dePUty tO the COMMANder fOr MILItAry OPerAtIONs (CeNter rIght), ANd

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Our approach is founded in our overall nationalsecurity interests on the continent as outlined by thePresident and Secretaries of State and Defense. TheUnited States and our African partners have strong

mutual interests in promoting security and stabilityon the continent of Africa, its island states, andmaritime zones. Advancing these interests requiresa unied approach that integrates our eorts withthose of other U.S. government (USG) departments,agencies, and our African and other internationalpartners.

Our programs and activities support U.S. nationalinterests as well as pursue four defense-orientedgoals expressed by our African partners:

First,thattheyhavecapableandaccountablemilitaryforcesthatperformprofessionallyandwithintegrity;

Second,thattheirforcesaresupportedandsustainedbyeective,legitimate,andprofessionalsecurityinstitutions;

Third,thattheyhavethecapabilitytoexercisethemeansnationallyandregionallytodissuade,deter,anddefeattransnationalthreats;

Fourth,thattheyhavethecapacitytoincreasetheirsupporttointernationalpeacekeepingeorts.

Fostering stability supports the pursuit of thesegoals, and allows further opportunities to reinforcesuccess.

Our approach is subordinate to overall USG policygoals. We work in concert with our interagencypartners, such as the U.S. Department of State(DOS) and United States Agency for International

Development (USAID), to ensure our plans andactivities directly support U.S. foreign policyobjectives.

Africas challenges require a holistic view ofsecurity that includes defense, law enforcement, ancustoms and border security. Addressing defense-related challenges must be pursued in concert withother USG and partner security-related endeavors tsustain unity of eort.

Our activities must provide immediate benets

and help our partners progress toward their long-term goals. Our mission is sustained securityengagement; providing programs and activities thbuild for the future and reinforce success.

Regional cooperation is critical, whether itbe neighboring countries working togetheragainst mutual threats, or region-wide eortsto establish common security networks, such asthe AUs cooperative security architecture. Ourapproach focuses on mutual interests, fostering

interoperability and common situational awarenessregionally-oriented capacity building, and enhancingrelationships built on trust and cooperation. Themore the countries of Africa work together, thegreater the likelihood that the continent will achievlasting stability.



freetOwN, sIerrA LeONe - geNerAL wILLIAM e. wArd, COMMANder Of U.s. AfrICA COMMANd, greets serv

MeMbers Of the sIerrA LeONe ArMed fOrCes, sePteMber 14, 2009, IN freetOwN. thIs MArKed wArds fI rvIsIt tO the rePUbLIC Of sIerrA LeONe. (PhOtO by COLONeL frANKLIN ChILdress, U.s. AfrICA COMMANd)

These goals support our national securityinterests. Increasing African partner capabilityto identify and interdict threats emanating fromthe continent enhances the security of the U.S.homeland. Enhancing the capacity of African forcesto respond to threats to peace and stability onthe continent allows the United States to use its

U.S. Africa Commands programs and activities support the development of capable, professional partnermilitary forces, and are integrated and coordinated with the DOS, U.S. Chiefs of Mission, and our internationapartners. Africa Command conducts several categories of activities to support our four primary goals andaddress current security challenges that threaten stability. The primary purposes of our activities can becategorized as follows:

forces for other operations. The development ofcapable and professional military forces can supporeorts to consolidate democratic principles andgood governance by fostering transparency andaccountability in the military, which historicallyhas been one of the most important institutions inmodern African societies.

Building the capacity of partner conventionalforces

Supporting capacity building of partner securityforces

Building the capacity of partner enabling forces

Fostering strong strategic relationships

Conducting defense sector reform

Fostering regional cooperation, situationalawareness, and interoperability

Countering transnational and extremist threats

Contributing to stability in current zones ofconict

Addressing conditions that contribute toinstability



LILONgwe, MALAwI - sergeANt fIrst CLA ss rOddy rIeger, U.s. ArMy AfrICA, dIsCUsses fIeLd MedICAL OPerAtIONswIth MALAwI defeNCe fOrCe MedICs At KAzUMA bArrACKs IN JANUAry 2010. dUrINg the three-dAy wOrKshOP, U.s.

ANd MALAwIAN sOLdIers shAred exPerIeNCes ANd dIsCUssed the ChALLeNges Of PrOvIdINg rOUtINe A Nd UrgeNtMedICAL CAre fOr dePLOyed trOOPs, esPeCIALLy thOse IN reMOte LOCAtIONs. (PhOtO by LIeUteNANt COLONeL ChrIswyAtt, OffICe Of seCUrIty COOPerAtION, bOtswANA)

buildiNg CaPaCity of PartNerCoNveNtioNal forCes

U.S. Soldiers, Sailors, Airmen, and Marines areterric trainers and exemplary examples of militaryprofessionalism and our core national values. Thetraining and exercises they conduct encourage thedevelopment of partner security capabilities and theinstilling of professional ethos among African militaryelements. Moreover, most of these activities can beperformed with small numbers of U.S. forces. Someexamples of our recent activities include:

NAtUrAL fIre, UgANdA

In October 2009, U.S. Africa Command, with U.S.Army Africa (USARAF) as the lead component,brought together more than 1,200 soldiers and

civilians from six countries for Exercise NATURALFIRE 10 in Uganda. The exercise improved inter-operability and helped build African partner capacityto respond to complex humanitarian emergencies.The region jointly exercised contingency plansdesigned to address a global health threat ofpandemic inuenza. Approximately 550 U.S.personnel and 650 soldiers from Burundi, Kenya,Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda participated.

AfrICA PArtNershIP stAtION

Africa Partnership Station (APS) is U.S. AfricaCommands primary maritime security engagementinitiative and is now a program of record. Incooperation with partner states and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), APS builds

maritime security capabilities in our Africa partnersusing sea-based training platforms to providepredictable regional presence with a minimalfootprint ashore. Our training and assistancefocuses on strengthening four pillars of maritimesector development: a competent and professionalmaritime security force; secure infrastructure tosustain maritime operations; maritime domainawareness; and maritime response capability. OurAfrican partners view APS as a successful maritimeinitiative and are enthusiastic participants.

From January through May 2009, the Commandemployed the USS NASHVILLE to support APS.With representatives from 9 European allies, 10African countries, and Brazil, APS doubled thenumber of partners participating in the planning anexecution compared to previous engagements. APconducted 10 engagements in 7 countriesSenegaLiberia, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Sao Tomeand Principe, and Gabon. U.S. Marines and their



counterparts from Spain and Portugal conductedsecurity cooperation events with over 800 Africanmilitary professionals in Senegal, Liberia, Ghana,Nigeria, Cameroon and Gabon. Over 1,750 Africanprofessionals were engaged in 64 workshops andseminars.

The success and eectiveness of our engagementswas demonstrated when the Benin Navy boardedand freed a pirated tanker without loss of life. APSin Benin was a principal enabler for that mission.Benins Navy participated in APS instruction focusedon Visit, Board, Search and Seizure, small boatoperations, Anti-Terrorism/Force Protection, and useof the Automated Information System (AIS), whichwas installed during their training. The Benin Navyused maritime domain awareness tools providedby APS to guide one of its ships to assist the tanker,

allowing its Navy to take action against a threataecting the interests of Benin, the United States,and the international community.

U.S. Naval Forces, Africa (NAVAF), is building onthe success of the APS in West Africa by conductingsimilar activities in East Africa. APS-East willwork to build our African partners capabilitiesin small boat operations. Our partners includeKenya, Mozambique, the Seychelles, Mauritius,and Tanzania. The activities of the USS BRADLEY

and the USS ARLEIGH BURKE in 2009 served asa pilot deployment for APS-East and made greatinroads in South and East Africa. In addition, theCombined Joint Task Force Horn of Africa (CJTF-HOA) established a maritime center of excellencein Mombasa, Kenya, to provide maritime trainingto African states. Both DOS and DOD approveda Section 1206 (Fiscal Year 06 National DefenseAuthorization Act, as amended) program toprovide small boats, AIS, and surface search radarsto Djibouti, Mozambique, Kenya, Tanzania, theSeychelles, Mauritius, and Comoros. The latter eortwill establish a basic surveillance capability along theentire East African coast. We plan to sustain andsupplement this project through Foreign MilitaryFinancing (FMF).

AfrICAN LION, MOrOCCO

AFRICAN LION is an annual exercise withMorocco, a key regional ally and active contributorto international peacekeeping operations. U.S.Marine Corps Forces, Africa (MARFORAF) is U.S.Africa Commands lead component for the exercise

which focuses on U.S.-Morocco interoperability, airand ground combined arms training, sta training,Peacekeeping Operations (PKO) training, medical andisaster response training, public aairs training, anhumanitarian civic assistance operations. Last year,during AFRICAN LION 09, medical teams conductedhumanitarian civic assistance in 5 villages, treatingover 17,000 Moroccans and over 9,500 livestock.Numerous Fiscal Year (FY) 2010-2011 Exercise Relate

tIfNIt, MOrOCCO - U.s. MArINe LANCe COrPOrAL CrAIg d. thOMAs Observes A MOrOCCAN sOLdIerdIsAsseMbLe AN M240g MAChINe gUN MAy 5, 2009 IN tIfNIt, MOrOCCO. thOMAs, A MILItAry POLICeMAN, Is OOf AbOUt 36 MArINes frOM MILItAry POLICe COMPANy, heAdQUArters bAttALION, 4th MArINe dIvIsION, w

PArtICIPAted IN exerCIse AfrICAN LION. the ANNUALLy sChedULed, COMbINed U.s.-MOrOCCAN exerCIse IsdesIgNed tO IMPrOve INterOPerAbILIty ANd MUtUAL UNderstANdINg. (U.s. MArINe COrPs PhOtO by MAstsergeANt grAdy t. fONtANA)



hArAr MedA AIr bAse, ethIOPIA - MeMbers Of COMbINed JOINt tAsK fOrCe-hOrN Of AfrICA (CJtf-hOA) ANdthe ethIOPIAN AIr fOrCe OffLOAd A C-130 herCULes AIrCrAft eNgINe ON hArAr MedA AIr bAse, ethIOPIA,

APrIL 8, 2009. the eNgINe wAs brOUght tO ethIOPIA by A U.s. A Ir fOrCe C-130 herCULes AIrCrAft ANd wILLheLP brINg the ethIOPIAN AIr fOrCes C-130 b MOdeL A IrCrAft bACK tO OPerAtIONAL stAtUs. (U.s. AIr fOrCePhOtO by stAff sergeANt JOsePh L. swAffOrd Jr.)

Construction projects are scheduled to improvetraining ranges, strategic access, and delivery oflogistics support in support of AFRICAN LION. U.SAir Forces Africa (AFAFRICA) will spearhead itsparticipation in AFRICAN LION through the StatePartnership Program, with the Utah Air NationalGuard providing KC-135 tankers and personnel.

bUILdINg effeCtIveNON-COMMIssIONed OffICer (NCO) COrPs

Several African countries have under-developedNCO corps, which in some cases are vulnerableto corruptive inuences. Our African partnersrecognize that eective NCO corps are essential todeveloping capable and sustainable units, which willcontribute to overall stability and security. Theyhave turned to us for assistance. By helping partnersdevelop their NCO corps, we have an opportunity toinstill the qualities and character that will allow themto train and guide their own development in this

area.

fOreIgN MILItAry fINANCINg (fMf)ANd fOreIgN MILItAry sALes (fMs)

A particular challenge many of our partners face isthe lack of serviceable equipmentfrom individual

military gear to vehicles to other major systems. FMand FMS are two programs we are leveraging tohelp address these shortfalls. U.S. Africa Commandis working with U.S. country teams to develop andimplement FMF programs to procure systems thatincrease interoperability among African partners,international allies, and the United States. U.S. AfriCommand is employing the Excess Defense Articlesprogram under FMS to supply trucks, personalsoldier equipment, and uniforms to support the

deployment of peacekeeping battalions to Darfur,Somalia, and Liberia.

suPPortiNg CaPaCity buildiNgof PartNer seCurity forCes

Achieving security and stability in Africa requiresmore than the contributions of the military alone.Security is a holistic function that includes non-military elements such as law enforcement, borderpatrol, customs, and judiciary. U.S. Africa Command

works closely with USG departments and agenciesto ensure that we plan and conduct our eorts asseamlessly as possible.



AfrICAN MArItIMe LAweNfOrCeMeNt PArtNershIP (AMLeP)

AMLEP is a cooperative maritime law enforcementprogram with the U.S. Department of HomelandSecurity. U.S. Coast Guard and host nation LawEnforcement Detachments (LEDET) embark on U.S.

and host nation ships and law enforcement vessels toprovide the vessel with the necessary authorities andcapabilities to conduct boardings, search, seizure,and arrests within the participating African countrysExclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).

AMLEP operations were conducted with Senegal,Morocco, Sierra Leone, and Cape Verde, with thesupport of DOS, French Maritime Air Forces, andthe U.S. Coast Guard. Collectively, our operationsaccomplished the following: Maritime LawEnforcement and small boat training for LEDETpersonnel; the integration of French Maritime PatrolAircraft capability; and vessel boardings led by therespective countrys LEDET team.

The highlight of our engagements occurred inAugust when the Republic of Sierra Leones ArmedForces Maritime Wing detained the 750-ton TaiwanF/V YU FENG 102 for shing illegally in the SierraLeone EEZ. The YU FENGs 11 crewmembers weredeported to Taiwan and the Feng was impoundedby the government of Sierra Leone. The Sierra

Leone forces again demonstrated their resolveand capability by seizing four vessels for violationof Sierra Leonean law during December AMLEPoperations.

seCUrIty seCtOr AssessMeNts

An integrated and harmonized assessmentof a partner nations requirements is helpful indeveloping eective and coordinated activities. Thipast year, U.S. Africa Command participated in DOSled Security Sector Assessments in Senegal, GuineaBissau, Ghana, Togo, Sierra Leone, Liberia, CapeVerde, and Mozambique. The resulting interagencyplans will ensure our military engagements withthese countries are consistent with policy objectiveand mutually reinforce the activities of other USG

departments and agencies.

buildiNg CaPaCity ofPartNer eNabliNg forCes

Enablers such as logistics, intelligence,communications, and de-mining capabilities playvital roles in the U.S. military, and facilitate our abilitto sustain operations independently. Developingsimilar enablers or enabling capabilities amongAfrican countries can help reduce their dependence

POrt geNtIL, gAbON - reNe MArtIN, A MeMber Of the U.s. COAst gUArd AUxILIAry eMbArKed ON UssNAshvILLe fOr AfrICA PArtNershIP stAtION (APs), dIsCUsses bOAt MAINteNANCe wIth gAbON MILItAry

MeMbers IN POrt geNtIL APrIL 22, 2009. APs Is A MULtINAtIONAL INItIAtIve by U.s. NAvAL fOrCes AfrICA tOwOrK wIth INterNAtIONAL PArtNers tO eNhANCe MArItIMe sAfety ANd seCUrIty IN AfrICA. (U.s. NAvy Phby Petty OffICer 1st CLAss M ArtINe CUArON)



on foreign assistance when conducting militaryoperations. Many of our capacity building activitiesin this area add tremendous value while requiringonly a minimal commitment of U.S. personnel.

LOgIstICs CAPACIty bUILdINg

Our African partners recognize the importance oflogistics and have benetted from several U.S. AfricaCommand training events and symposia in this area.For example, experts from U.S. MARFORAF providedvital logistics support and guidance to assist theRepublic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces in packagingand loading a UN ship in preparation for their rstUnited Nations-African Union Mission in Darfur(UNAMID) deployment.

The Africa Deployment Assistance Partnership

Team (ADAPT) develops African military logisticscapacities to enable them to manage and supportpeacekeeping operations. ADAPT training providedby U.S. Africa Commands Army and Air Forcecomponents enabled the Rwandan Defence Force toload and deploy vehicles, equipment, and supplies tosupport UNAMID. ADAPT also allowed the UgandanPeoples Defence Force to certify Ugandan soldiersto load equipment on U.S. military aircraft (C-130and C-17), strengthening their ability to supportpeacekeeping operations and disaster responseoperations employing U.S. or UN cargo aircraft.These soldiers will also serve as co-trainers for futureADAPT activities. ADAPT activities are planned inNigeria and Tanzania in 2010.

In 2009, U.S. Africa Command conducted the rstPartnership for Integrated Logistics, Operations,and Tactics (PILOT) symposium with 25 Africanparticipants. PILOT is an operational-level seminarjointly designed and funded through partnershipwith the Canadian Ministry of Defence, Canadian

Pearson Peacekeeping Center. PILOT focuses onfamiliarization with the legal and ethical aspects ofpeacekeeping; the roles, missions, and functionsof the AU and the UN in peacekeeping; planninglogistics sta estimates for PKO; planning Reception,Staging, Onward Movement and Integrationoperations; planning Force Deployment Planning

and Execution; and an overview of the JointOperational Planning Process.

INteLLIgeNCe CAPACIty bUILdINg

Military intelligence is an essential capability forall professional militaries. The ability to collect,

analyze, and synthesize information is key todeveloping eective military plans.

U.S. Africa Commands Intelligence SecurityCooperation and Engagement (ISCE) Programseeks to build sustainable military intelligencecapacity in designated partner nations and regionorganizations. ISCE develops and implementscommon military intelligence doctrine andprocedures. It emphasizes the rule of law, respecfor human rights, and civil authority in order to

reverse the historical stigma associated with manAfrican intelligence and security services. Prograactivities include familiarization seminars; seniorintelligence ocer visits; Director of MilitaryIntelligence conferences; intelligence exchangesand analyst roundtables; and a series of ocerand non-commissioned ocer intelligence trainincourses.

The Military Intelligence Basic Ocer Course-Africa (MIBOC-A) is a course oered to junior

military intelligence ocers, primarily fromnorth and west Africa. In addition to teachingprofessional intelligence skills, it promotesrelationships among the intelligence communitiesthat encourage greater cooperation in the futureU.S. Africa Command conducted two MIBOC-Acourses in FY09 and one so far in FY10.

COMMUNICAtIONs systeMs deveLOPMeNt

One way to foster regional cooperation is to

establish means by which partner militaries canreliably and eectively communicate with eachother. However, because African communicationinfrastructure is underdeveloped, U.S. AfricaCommand is developing programs that improvethe communications architecture among Africanmilitary leaders.



NAIrObI, KeNyA - A MINe deteCtION dOg INstrUCtOr PAUses tO IdeNtIfy OrdINANCe deteCted dUrINg AtrAININg sessION At the INterNAtIONAL MINe ACtION tr AININg CeNter (IMAtC) IN NAIrObI, KeNyA, NOveMb

24, 2008. IMAtC, A PArtNershIP betweeN brItIsh, KeNyAN, ANd U.s. ArMed fOrCes frOM COMbINed JOINttAsK fOrCe - hOrN Of AfrICA, trAINs PeOPLe wOrLdwIde ON the PrOCess Of sAfe de-MININg IN AffeCtedCOUNtrIes. (U.s. NAvy PhOtO by Petty OffICer 1 st CLAss sCOtt COheN)

The AU Command, Control, Communications,and Information Systems initiative is an eort toenable the AUs command and control of its StandbyForce. This initiative achieved its rst milestonewith the recent ribbon-cutting of the new AU PeaceSupport Operations Center, and will continue byestablishing similar command and control nodes

at the regional Standby Brigade Headquarters,planning cells, and logistics cells. This initiative is alsopursuing connectivity with the AU Mission in Somalia(AMISOM).

We are also supporting two other regionalinitiatives. The Economic Community of WesternAfrican States (ECOWAS) Regional InformationExchange System provides workstations, internetaccess, and telephone services to senior defense

leaders in 11 ECOWAS countries, and this willsoon expand to 13. Meanwhile, the MultinationalInformation Sharing Initiative has just begun, andit will provide similar mobile capabilities to theOperation Enduring Freedom-Trans Sahara (OEF-TS)countries over the next three years.

de-MININg CAPACIty bUILdINg

U.S. Africa Command conducts Train-the-TrainerHumanitarian Mine Action missions to build ourpartners anti-mine capacities and support broaderU.S. and international eorts to eliminate landmineand other explosive remnants of war. We initiatedprograms in Kenya, Burundi, Mozambique, andNamibia in 2009, and will expand mine actionprograms to the Democratic Republic of Congo,


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Senegal, and Chad in 2010. We are also working with

Uganda to develop anti-mine capabilities in supportof Ugandan peacekeeping deployments to AMISOM.

sPeCIAL stAff PrOgrAMs

Eorts to establish capable and accountable forcesinvolve mechanisms that allow the partner militaryleadership to establish and enforce standards ofconduct and readiness. These mechanisms shouldbe transparent to ensure equal treatment, fairness,and common expectations. Through mentoring

and information exchanges, our inspector general,chaplain, legal counsel, surgeon, public aairs,and other special sta elements work closely withpartner countries to build capacity in these areas insupport of improving the militarys standing with itsgovernment and people.

fosteriNg stroNg str ategiC rel atioNshiPs

Strong strategic relationships are important

enablers for sustaining the positive gains of ourcapacity building activities. They encourageour partners to assume greater ownership oftheir newfound capabilities. They provide readyopportunities to reinforce success through follow-on activities and open communication links thatfacilitate new or evolving requirements. They alsoencourage dialogue with other partners.

the NAtIONAL gUArd stAte PArtNershIP PrOgrAM

The State Partnership Program is a superb toolthat fosters a variety of military-to-military, militaryto-civilian, and civilian-to-civilian engagements usingNational Guard and U.S. states capabilities. EightAfrican countries currently partner with U.S. statesthrough this program: Tunisia-Wyoming; Morocco-Utah; Ghana-North Dakota; South Africa-NewYork; Nigeria-California; Senegal-Vermont; Liberia-Michigan; and Botswana-North Carolina.

The benets of this program from the past year a

many and impressive. For example, in Tunisia, theWyoming Guard is helping the Tunisian Governmentintegrate Ground Surveillance Radar into borderpatrol operations. In West Africa, U.S. AfricaCommands Air Force Component, U.S. Air ForcesAfrica (AFAFRICA), partnered with the Deputy UndeSecretary of the Air Force for International Aairs,the Tennessee Air National Guard, and the Warner-Robins Air Logistics Center to coordinate military-tomilitary eorts to rebuild the rst of four Nigerian

C-130s. In Botswana, the North Carolina Air Guarddemonstrated its Modular Airborne FireghtingSystem capability; an event of key importance toBotswana due to the annual range res that destroygrazing land and the habitat for one of Botswanasmost important national resourcesits wildlife.

19Partnership - Peace - StabilityKIsANgANI, deMOCrAtIC rePUbLIC Of CONgO - U.s. AMbAssAdOr tO the deMOCrAtIC rePUbLIC Of CONgO,wILLIAM gArveLINK, sPeAKs At A CereMONy MArKINg the estAbLIshMeNt Of A CONgOLese ArMed fOrCes

(fArdC) LIght INfANtry bAttALION, febrUAry 17, 2010, IN KIsANgANI whILe A freNCh INterPreter sPeAKsbehINd hIM. the bAttALION Is beINg trAINed vIA A U.s. gOverNMeNt PArtNershIP wIth the drC. (PhOtO byNICOLe dALryMPLe, U.s. AfrICA COMMANd)


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sAteLLIte PhOtOMONtAge by NA sA vIsIbLe eArth PrOJeCt (httP://vIsIbLeeArth.NAsA.g



The State Partnership Program delivers programsand activities that build broad capabilities with ourAfrican partners. The habitual relationships thisbuilds adds tremendous value to our eorts. Thisprogram is very valuable to U.S. Africa Command,and we look forward to expanding it as our Africanpartners request greater participation. I urge your

continued support.

INterNAtIONAL MILItAry edUCAtIONANd trAININg (IMet) ANd exPANded IMet (e-IMet)

Professionalizing militaries and reinforcing thedemocratic value of elected civilian authorityare among the benets of the DOS-led IMET andE-IMET programs. These comprise the most widely-used military assistance programs in U.S. AfricaCommands area of responsibility. Approximately900 military and civilian students from 44 Africancountries received education and training in the

United States or their own countries valued at $19.8million. Many ocers and enlisted IMET graduatesgo on to ll key positions in our African partnersmilitaries and governments, and the relationshipsbuilt in the academic environment directly contributo stronger bi-lateral military relationships betweenthe United States and partner countries.

IMET funded regional seminars with a DefenseInstitute for International Legal Studies MilitaryEducation Teams (MET) for Chad, Cameroon, DRC,Mauritius and Sierra Leone, and also supported aCenter for Civil Military Relations MET for CameroonComoros, DRC, Mauritius, and Guinea Bissau.Sustained support for robust IMET and E-IMETprograms is an investment in our future, and directlsupports long-term U.S. interests and relationshipsin Africa. It is one our most desired and productive

programs.

MALI - A freNCh-sPeAKINg MALI AN COMMANdO PLAtOON LeAder revIews A MAP ALONgsIde MeMbers Of th

U.s. 3rd sPeCIAL fOrCes grOUP (AIrbOrNe) ON MAy 13 , 2009. (PhOtO by MAx r . bLUMeNfeLd, JsOtf-ts PAO)


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LIberIA

To solidify gains made under the DOSSecurity Sector Reform program, U.S. AfricaCommand commenced a ve-year mentorshipprogram with the Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL)Headquarters Sta and Liberias 23rd Brigade.

We have 56 military mentors in Liberia tocontinue the professional development of theAFL. ONWARD LIBERTY is one of three lines ofeort in our over-arching Defense Sector Reforprogram in Liberia. We are also working with tU.S. Coast Guard to help the AFL re-establish aCoast Guard-like capability, and with the Oce the Secretary of Defense to mentor the LiberianMinistry of Defense.

deMOCrAtIC rePUbLIC Of CONgO

At the request of the Department of Stateand DRC, U.S. Africa Command is training andequipping a battalion of the Armed Forces ofthe Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC)in support of USG objectives and prioritiesestablished by Secretary of State Clinton duringher visit to the DRC in August 2009. We will

23Partnership - Peace - Stability

MILItAry-tO-MILItAry eNgAgeMeNt PrOgrAMs

U.S. Africa Command uses military-to-military (mil-to-mil) programs to strengthen key relationships andfamiliarize partners with U.S. military techniques,tactics, and procedures they can employ to addressa broad range of security challenges, including

conducting peacekeeping operations and counteringterrorism. Mil-to-mil also assists partners inimproving deployment procedures, logistics systems,maintenance operations, force protection, and theconduct of their own training. In FY04, the initialyear of the program, less than $500K was spent inAfrica for mil-to-mil programs. Today the mil-to-milprogram is the cornerstone of U.S. Africa Commandsengagement activities, with $6.3 million allocatedand 431 events planned in 40 countries in FY10. Thisis a relatively small investment with substantial

dividends.

CoNduCtiNg defeNse seCtor reform

U.S. Africa Command is a key contributor to thelong-term development of professional defenseforces as part of broader security sector reformeorts led by the Department of State.

stUttgArt, gerMANy - the COMMANders sPeAKers serIes At U.s. AfrICA COMMANd INvItes AUthOrs,ACAdeMICs ANd PUbLIC fIgUres wIth dIverse vIewPOINts tO shAre IdeAs wIth the stAff ANd COMMUNIty.reCeNt sPeAKers hAve INCLUded dr. CALestOUs JUMA Of hArvArd, dr. gerArd PrUNIer Of the CeNtre

NAtIONAL de LA reCherChe sCIeNtIfQUe (CNrs), dr. MOeLetsI MbeKI Of the INstItUte Of INterNAtIONALAffAIrs, ANd dr . PAUL COLLIer Of OxfOrds CeNtre fOr the stUdy Of AfrICAN eCONOMIes. (PhOtO by vINCeCrAwLey, U.s. AfrICA COMMANd)


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help the FARDC to: 1) improve its capacity to lead,manage, and sustain its force; 2) enhance its abilityto investigate and prosecute its personnel accusedof human rights violations and other crimes; and 3)reduce sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) bythe military.

The third objective, mitigating SGBV, is importantto helping heal the wounds of past conicts in DRC.

We are working closely with the country team andUSAID to identify opportunities to provide supportto survivors of SGBV. We are pursuing funding forthe completion of a maternity hospital in the capitalcity of Kinshasa that will also provide counseling forSGBV survivors and perform stula repairs. In SouthKivu Province, we are seeking to secure funding fortwo projects: the construction of a primary school,whose pupils will consist of HIV orphans or survivorsand children of SGBV; and a Reference Hospital

in Wolungu serving a large, rural population thatincludes SGBV survivors.

fosteriNg r egioNal CooPeratioN,situatioNal awareNess, & iN teroPerabilit

The spirit of cooperation is growing very strongamong African states. Over the past two years,participation by African countries has increasedsteadily in many of our regional activities. All of ouractivities seek to capitalize on this spirit by bringingpartners together to develop collaborative solution

to shared security challenges. The followingactivities are noteworthy in their emphasis oninteroperability.

exerCIse AfrICA eNdeAvOr

AFRICA ENDEAVOR is our premier communicationinteroperability exercise that involves the greatestnumber of partner countries, and it continues togrow. Exercise AFRICA ENDEAVOR 09 in Gabonbrought together 25 countries and 3 regionalorganizations (the AU, ECOWAS, and the Economic

24 Partnership - Peace - StabilitydOUdA, dJIbOUtI - stUdeNts At eCOLe de dOUdA PrIMAry sChOOL IN dOUdA, dJIbOUtI AtteNd CLAss APrIL26, 2009. seAbees frOM NAvAL CONstrUCtION bAttALION 11 AttAChed tO CAMP LeMONNIer, dJIbOUtI Are

CUrreNtLy CONstrUCtINg A New KItCheN ANd dI NINg fACILIty fOr the sChOOL. CAMP LeMONNIer Is theheAdQUArters fOr COMbINed JOINt tAsK fOrCe-hOrN Of AfrICA, A COMPONeNt Of U.s. AfrICA COMMANd. NAvy PhOtO by Petty OffICer seCONd CLAss KeLLy ONtIverOs)

OUR INTENTION IS TO PARTNER wITH NATIONS IN AFRICA, THE INTERAGENCy AND THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNIT

wITH THE GOAL OF REALIzING AN AFRICA THAT IS SECURE, STABLE AND DEVELOPED IN wAyS MEANINGFUL TO ITS PEOP

AND OUR GLOBAL SOCIETy.

- GENERAL wILLIAM KIP wARD, U.S. AFRICA COMMAN


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Community of Central African States). Focusingon information sharing among African states viacommunication networks, the exercise developedcommunications links with the United States, NATO,and other countries with common stability, security,and sustainment goals for the region. Participationin this summers AFRICA ENDEAVOR 10 exercise in

Ghana is expected to expand to 30 African states.

exerCIse PhOeNIx exPress, NOrth AfrICA

PHOENIX EXPRESS is a multinational maritimesecurity exercise led by U.S. NAVAF and focusedon maritime interdiction, communications, andinformation sharing. Algeria, Libya, Morocco, andTunisia increased their participation in the exercisethis past year.

workiNg with PartNers to CouNtertraNsNatioNal aNd extremist threats

Transnational challenges in Africa are a threatto the United States, our partners, and ourallies. Transnational threats exacerbate dicultcircumstances for local populations and complicateeorts to create a secure and stable environmentconducive to development. We conduct operationsand capacity building programs and activities to

address the threat of terrorism, piracy, narcotics andother illicit tracking.

COUNter-terrOrIsM effOrts IN NOrth AfrICAANd the sAheL--OPerAtION eNdUrINg freedOM-trANs sAhArA (Oef-ts)

Special Operations Command, Africa (SOCAFRICAconducts OEF-TS to counter the terrorism threat inNorth and West Africa. OEF-TS supports the DOS-leTrans-Sahara Counter Terrorism Partnership (TSCTP

by increasing our partners capabilities to deny safehavens to terrorists, improving border security,promoting democratic governance, and reinforcingregional as well as bilateral military ties. OEF-TSactivities are designed to defeat violent extremistorganizations throughout the region.

U.S. Africa Command works closely with the DOSand U.S. embassies to ensure we provide the militarsupport needed to meet the objectives of TSCTP,including the following major elements: informatio

operations; train, advise and assist activities;intelligence capacity building; coalition developmenmilitary exercise programs; and developmentand establishment of a regional computer-basedinformation network. All OEF-TS activities are closecoordinated with the State Department and our U.Sembassy country teams.

SOCAFRICA remained very active last year withOEF-TS. Military Information Support Teamsassisted DOS public diplomacy eorts in counteringextremist ideology in Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Chad,and Nigeria. OEF-TS created High Frequency-Radio

25Partnership - Peace - StabilityPOrt LOUIs, MAUrItIUs - MeMbers Of the MAUrItIAN NAtIONAL COAst gUArd POLICe fOrCe stANd INfOrMAtION dUrINg AN AfrICA PArtNershIP stAtION (APs) eAst grAdUAtION CereMONy AbOArd hIgh sPeed

vesseL swIft (hsv 2), febrUAry 24, 2010. NINety-twO grAdUAtes COMPLeted trAININg AreAs sUCh As vI sIt,bOArd, seArCh ANd seIzUre PrOCedUres; fIrefIghtINg ANd dAMAge CONtrOL; seArCh ANd resCUe exerCIses;ANd fOrCe PrOteCtION MeAsUres. (U.s. NAvy PhOtO by Petty OffICer 3rd CLAss trACey L . whItLey)


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Tactical Communications Interoperability betweenAlgeria and Niger, and Mobile Training Teams (MTTs)trained new Counter-Terrorism (CT) light infantrycompanies in Mali. The MTTs also trained existingCT units in Tunisia, Morocco, Nigeria, and Senegal.OEF-TS Military Intelligence courses trained studentsfrom 7 OEF-TS countries, and the Trans-SaharaSecurity Symposium civil-military course trained

nearly 100 students from 4 OEF-TS partner countries.Additionally, OEF-TS Civil-Military Support Elementshave completed or are planning 79 humanitarianassistance projects.

In the last year, political conditions have allowed usto resume engagement with Mauritania, to includeour eorts to build a CT company. Mauritaniansecurity forces lack the capability to logisticallysustain themselves during operations. HelpingMauritania develop a logistics capacity will provideMauritanian security forces with the capability topush supplies and personnel to its forward-deployedCT companies, which operate hundreds of milesaway in extremely austere territory. Through U.S.assistance, Mauritania will be able to sustain CToperations within its borders and in partnership withother regional forces.

In West Africa, we are building on eorts in Mali,Nigeria, Senegal, and Burkina Faso. Our activitiesrange from training and equipping specialized CTunits to increasing intelligence capabilities andinformation sharing to supporting eorts thatcounter extremist ideology in the region. We areworking with Mali to develop an intermediatelevel maintenance and vehicle repair capability,

and to improve its air mobility, intelligence, andreconnaissance capabilities. These two programs wbolster the ability of Malian security forces to takedirect action against AQIM.

COUNter-terrOrIsM effOrts IN eAst AfrICA

In East Africa, U.S. Africa Commands CJTF-HOA conducts operations to counter violentextremists throughout the region to protect U.S.and coalition interests. In cooperation with other

USG departments and agencies, CJTF-HOA focusesits operations on building regional security capacityto combat terrorism, deny safe havens, and reducesupport to violent extremist organizations. Itaccomplishes these objectives through the use ofCivil Aairs Teams, Seabee construction teams,military advisors, and by importing security coursesof instruction.

26 Partnership - Peace - StabilityLIrA, UgANdA - stUdeNts wALK IN frONt Of A NewLy-CONstrUCted sChOOL IN LIrA, UgANdA PrIOr tO ItsdedICAtION CereMONy ON febrUAry 23, 2009. st. theresA seCONdAry sChOOL wAs bUILt As PArt Of A $500

PrOJeCt fUNded by COMbINed JOINt tAsK fOrCe - hOrN Of A frICA After regIONAL INstAbILIty IN 2002 fOrCthe sChOOLs stUdeNts ANd fACULty AwAy frOM Its CUrreNt LOCAtION IN ALANyI. (U.s. NAvy PhOtO by PetOffICer 2Nd CLAss Jesse b. AwALt)


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U.S. Africa Command has focused the majority ofits CT capacity building activities in East Africa onKenya, Ethiopia, Djibouti, and Uganda, whichasidefrom Somaliaare the countries directly threatenedby terrorists. For example, in Kenya, the Commandis assisting in establishing a Ranger Strike Force anda Special Boat Unit, which will become the countrys

primary CT and border security forces. SOCAFRICAcompleted training two companies of the KenyanRanger Strike Force, and our Special OperationsForces (SOF) maritime eorts have created a nascentKenyan Special Boat Unit capability to enhanceKenyan maritime security. When completed, Kenyawill have a signicantly improved capacity to counterthe terrorist threat emanating from Somalia.

In Djibouti, U.S. Africa Command is assisting withtraining of the Djiboutian counter-terrorism unit, the

Groupe dIntervention de la Gendarmerie NationaleWe are helping with the repair and transfer of 12vehicles from the AU to Djibouti. The vehicles arespecically for counter-terrorism and border securitoperations.

The Uganda Peoples Defence Forces (UPDF) is

one of the regions most professional militaries. Itis a reliable partner in combating terrorism and,in collaboration with regional partners, is leadingoperations against the Lords Resistance Army.Ugandas peacekeeping force in Somalia has playeda critical role in providing the TFG an opportunityto establish itself. U.S. Africa Command and CJTF-HOA continue to work with the UPDF to enhancepeacekeeping and CT capabilities through AfricaContingency Operations Training Assistance (ACOTAIMET, and PKO funded training.

27Partnership - Peace - StabilityKIgALI, rwANdA - rwANdAN defeNCe fOrCe (rdf) sOLdIers, wIth rOCKet-PrOPeLLed greNAdes IN hANd, rUNtO theIr fIrINg POsItIONs dUrINg A LIve-fIre deMONstrAtION APrIL 21, 2009, At the rdfs gA bIrO sChOOLOf INfANtry IN gAbIrO, rwANdA. the exerCIse wAs PArt Of A tOUr fOr A U.s. AfrICA COMMANd deLegAtION

Led by geNerAL wILLIAM e. KIP wArd, COMMANder Of U.s. AfrICA COMMANd, dUrINg AN OffICIAL v IsIt tOrwANdA. dUrINg the exerCIse, rdf sOLdIers dIsPLAyed theIr teChNICAL PrOfICIeNCy ON A fIrINg rANgeUsINg sMALL ArMs, rPgs ANd MAChINe gUNs. (U.s. AfrICA COMMANd PhOtO by KeNNeth fIdLer)


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COUNter-NArCOtICs PrOgrAMs

Our Counter-Narcotics programs train, equip,and support partner nation law enforcement,paramilitary, and military units that have a counter-narcotics and narco-terrorism mission. They buildpartner capacity to conduct the full range of

counter-drug activities, such as sharing information,detecting threats, and interdicting and seizingvessels.

One success from the past year was theconstruction of a multi-national and interagencyfusion center in Cape Verde, funded by our Counter-narcotics Division. The center incorporates U.S. lawenforcement, International Police, and Cape Verdelaw enforcement agencies and maritime forces,and U.S. FMS projects will provide vessels. Our

naval component, along with the U.S. Coast Guard,is providing maritime interdiction training andfamiliarization. The U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency,Department of Justice, and Department of State arealso signicant contributors. The goal is to develop aCape Verde maritime force capable of detecting and

interdicting illicit trackers, and sharing critical lawenforcement information with the United States anthe international community.

OPerAtION ObJeCtIve vOICe (OOv)

OPERATION OBJECTIVE VOICE is U.S. Africa

Commands information operations eort to counteviolent extremism by leveraging media capabilitiesin ways that encourage the public to repudiateextremist ideologies. OOV is closely coordinatedwith U.S. embassies, DOS, and USAID, and employs variety of messaging platforms, such as the AfricanWeb Initiative, to challenge the views of terroristgroups and provide a forum for the expression ofalternative points of view. OOV also supports localoutreach eorts to foster peace, tolerance, and

understanding. Examples included a youth peacegames in Mali and a lm project in northern NigeriaAnecdotal evidence suggests that the enhanceddialogue has had a positive impact. We are currentlcollecting baseline data and developing assessmentto quantify the overall eects.

28 Partnership - Peace - StabilityseKONdI, ghANA - fIshINg bOAts retUrN tO hArbOr wIth the dAys CAtCh IN the twIN tOwNs Of seKONdI-tAKOrAdI MArCh 2, 2009. fIshINg Is A MAJOr PArt Of the ghANAIAN dIet, ANd U.s. AfrI CA COMMANd wOrKwIth INterNAtIONAL PArtNers tO heLP AfrICAN MA rItIMe fOrCes PAtrOL theIr wAters. (PhOtO by vINCeCrAwLey, U.s. AfrICA COMMANd)


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CoNtributiNg to stabilityiN Curr eNt zoNes of CoNfliCt

Long-term eorts to build security capacity canonly succeed in an environment of sucient stability.The United States is supporting African eorts tostabilize current and potential zones of conictthrough peacekeeping missions and the growth of

robust peacekeeping capacity that includes the AUsAfrican Standby Force.

sUdAN

U.S. Africa Command is closely working with USGstakeholders to support implementation of thecomprehensive U.S. Strategy for Sudan. In SouthernSudan, the Command supports professionalmilitary education and non-commissioned ocerdevelopment programs, HIV/AIDS courses and

seminars, as well as familiarization events acrossprofessional military skills and functional areas.Additionally, we are examining ways in which ourassets and resources can strengthen the UN missionsoperating in the country, and how we can continueto provide support to DOS-led Security SectorReform eorts.

Somalia

The lack of an eective central governing authoritin Somalia for nearly two decades has created amultitude of de-stabilizing conditions. It has leftthe country vulnerable to terrorist exploitation, andfosters a permissive environment for piracy andother illicit activities. It also exacerbates a severe

humanitarian crisis. AMISOM, the multilateral AUMission in Somalia, is severely under-resourced, butis essential to securing key TFG locations. The USGssupport to AMISOM includes training, equipping,and logistical support for Ugandan and Burundianforces. Additionally, U.S. Africa Command providesmilitary mentors to ACOTA pre-deployment trainingfor AMISOM forces. Before deploying, each battalioreceives sta training and soldier skills trainingtailored to PKO and the operational environment in

Somalia.We also provide support to U.S. Central Command

operations to address the increase of piracy in thewestern Indian Ocean. Counter-piracy training is alsa part of our maritime capacity building eorts ineast and southern Africa, such as Africa PartnershipStation-East.

29Partnership - Peace - StabilityLIbrevILLe, gAbON - servICe MeMbers frOM 25 AfrICAN NAtIONs ANd U.s. AfrICA COMMANd stANd INfOrMAtION dUrINg A CereMONy fOr exerCIse AfrICA eNdeAvOr IN sePteMber 2009. AfrICA eNdeAvOr Is AN

ANNUAL INItIAtIve tO AssIst AfrICAN MILItArIes IN IMPrOvINg theIr COMMUNICAtIONs CAPAbILItIes. (PhOtOby stAff sergeANt sAMArA sCOtt)



gLObAL PeACe OPerAtIONs INItIAtIve (gPOI)

GPOI is a DOS program that builds peacekeepingcapacity in targeted partners and organizations.The GPOI-funded ACOTA program is regularlysupported by U.S. Africa Command with ocers andnon-commissioned ocers that serve as trainers

and mentors. ACOTA has trained and providedequipment for Ugandan and Burundian forces forAMISOM, and trained Rwandan, South African,Zambian, and Tanzanian Forces for UNAMID.

For FY10, U.S. Africa Command has requested GPOIfunding to support training programs to enhancethe capabilities of the AU peacekeeping sta, theEconomic Community of West African States, theEconomic Community of Central African States,and the Southern African Development Community

Standby Brigade Headquarters. We have also soughtfunding for designated member states tactical unitspledged to the respective Regional Standby Brigades.

addressiNg CoNditioNsthat CoNtribute to iNstability

The U.S. military has a number of civil-militaryprograms that promote good civil-military relationsprovide military training benets, and help developthe humanitarian capacity of African countries.

They complement civilian development eorts andare closely coordinated with U.S. embassy countryteams.

exerCIse MedfLAg

In August 2009, MEDFLAG 09 was conducted withthe Umbutfo Swaziland Defense Force as a jointMedical/Dental/Veterinary Capabilities Exercise. U.SArmy Africa and U.S. Air Forces Africa designed amass casualty scenario that exercised the Defense

Forces response capabilities and its interoperabilitywith civilian rst-responders. The exercise assistedthe Swazi ministries of Health and Defense in

hhOhhO vILLAge, swAzI LANd - UMbUtfO swAzILANd defeNCe fOrCe sergeANt sANdILe gAMA LOOKs ON AsArMy sPeCIALIst MICheLLe fIveAsh, 212th COMbAt hOsPItAL MedIC, CheCKs the v ItALs ON A PAtIeNt dUrINgfIrst Of A twO-dAy COMbINed MedICAL ANd deNtAL CIvIL AssIstANCe PrOJeCt IN hhOhhO vILLAge, swAzILA

AUgUst 7, 2009. NeArLy 500 PAtIeNts were treAted dUrINg the twO-dAy vIsIt. the PrOJeCt Is A JOINt ANdCOMbINed MILItAry exerCIse betweeN the UMbUtfO swAzILANd defeNCe fOrCe ANd U.s. ArMy AfrICA , whIs desIgNed tO eNhANCe MedICAL CAPACIty, streNgtheN dIsAster PrePAredNess, ANd PrOvIde MedICAL,deNtAL, ANd veterINAry servICes. (PhOtO by stAff sergeANt LesLey wAters, CJtf-hOA)



jointly examining their emergency response plansand procedures. MEDFLAG 09 helped improveSwazilands capacity to support future regional AU orUN PKO missions, while highlighting our support forthis region of the continent.

PANdeMIC resPONse PrOgrAMBecause infectious disease outbreaks have the

potential to rapidly become global crises, U.S. AfricaCommand works with African partner countries, theinteragency, international organizations, and NGOsto build partner military capacity to mitigate theeects of a pandemic. Our eorts are reinforcedwith three years of funding from USAID, whichcooperates with the International Federation ofthe Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and other

partner organizations in African countries.

hUMAN IMMUNOdefICIeNCy vIrUs/ACQUIredIMMUNe defICIeNCy syNdrOMe PrOgrAM

U.S. Africa Commands military HIV/AIDS programis aimed at mitigating the impacts of the disease onAfrican military readiness. The program includesactivities that help prevent the escalation of HIV/AIDSinfection rates within African security forces, andprovide care and treatment for the service members

and families infected or aected by the disease.DOD activities that support African militaries ghtagainst HIV/AIDS now reach 39 African countries.During the rst half of FY09, U.S. Africa Commandsprograms reached over 117,000 African troops andfamily members with prevention messages, andprovided counseling and testing services for 114,430service members and their families. In addition, 111senior military leaders have been trained on HIV/AIDSpolicies, and 2,396 peer educators and 517 health careworkers have received HIV/AIDs training. Over 19,000individuals are on antiretroviral treatment as a resultof these collaborative eorts. The ght against HIV/AIDs in Africa is having an impact. Recently, a leaderof a southern African country remarked that, threeyears ago, he was conducting burials everyday for anHIV related death; however, today he conducts oneburial every eight to ten days.

shAred ACCOrd, beNIN

When possible, we integrate civil-militaryoperations into our exercises. SHARED ACCORDis one example. Conducted by U.S. MARFORAF,SHARED ACCORDs primary purpose is to train forpeacekeeping and peace support operations, andthe exercise successfully integrated two BenineseInfantry Companies with two Marine Corps InfantryCompanies. An additional component of the exerciwas a Medical/Dental Civic Action Program, whichtreated 7,370 patients during visits to three villages

over an 8 day period. A separate Veterinary CivicAction Program treated 92,410 animals while visitingseven villages over the same period. An exercise-related construction project to increase the Beninescapacity to conduct peacekeeper training at theBembereke Peace Keeping Training Center was alsocompleted.

LIMbe, CAMerOON - LIeUteNANt COMMANder shAy rAzMI, A MeMber Of A dePArtMeNt Of defeNse deNtALOUtreACh wIth AfrICA PArtNershIP stAtION (APs) NAshvILLe, ex AMINes A yOUNg PAtIeNt AMIdst A CrOwdOf PAtIeNts dUrINg A COMMUNIty PrOgrAM At regIONAL hOsPItAL IN LIMbe, CAMerOON APrIL 3, 2009. APs Is

AN INterNAtIONAL INItIAtIve deveLOPed by U.s. NAvAL fOrCes eUrOPe ANd NAvAL fOrCes AfrICA, whICh AIMstO wOrK COOPerAtIveLy wIth U.s. ANd INterNAtIONAL PArtNers tO IMPrOve MArItIMe sAfety ANd seCUrItyIN west ANd CeNtrAL AfrICA. (U.s. NAv y PhOtO by Petty OffICer 3rd CLAss MAtthew bOOKwALter)


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u.s. army afriCa (usaraf)

On 1 October 2009, theSecretary of the Armydesignated U.S. Army

Africa as the Army Service Component Command

(ASCC) to U.S. Africa Command. USARAF will be fullyoperational capable (FOC) as an ASCC in FY12, and hasdoubled in size during the last 15 months. USARAFis heavily involved in the professional developmentof African land forces, which remain the dominantmilitary force in most African states. USARAFsgoal is to help transform our partners land forcesinto contributors to peace and stability, with thecapabilities and capacities required to accomplishtheir missions in support of legitimate authority.

USARAF continues to forge cooperativerelationships and enduring partnerships thatcontribute to self-sustaining African securitycapacity. Key to USARAFs success is collaboratingwith both military and non-military partners.USARAF is fostering new partnerships and enhancingexisting ones, to include partnerships with other USGagencies.

USARAF sponsored NATURAL FIRE, the largestexercise on the continent last year. It brought

together U.S. forces from Europe and the UnitedStates to join with forces from ve African states ina Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Relief exercise inUganda.

u.s. Naval forCes, afriCa (Navaf)

NAVAFs primary mission is toimprove the maritime securitycapability and capacity of ourAfrican partners. Beyond APS, law

enforcement operations, and Theater SecurityCooperation activities, NAVAF is working to enhancmaritime security by focusing on the development omaritime domain awareness, trained professionals,maritime infrastructure, response capabilities,regional integration, and a comprehensive approacfor planning and execution. These capabilitieswill improve maritime security and contribute todevelopment and stability by allowing our partnersto take advantage of the resources in their exclusiveeconomic zones.

NAVAF, located in Naples, Italy, supports thecreation of an environment where all Africancountries take a proactive interest in their ownmaritime security and in the overall security ofthe region. NAVAF utilizes maritime engagementactivities to build trust, mutual cooperation, andrespect in order to protect U.S. interests, reducedemand for U.S. resources, and ensure reliableand open access to ports, territorial waters, andother resources required for conducting sustained

maritime operations.

u.s. air forCes, afriCa (afafriCa/17af)

The 17th Air Force is the Air Forcecomponent to U.S. Africa Command.AFAFRICA continues its growth in

32 Partnership - Peace - Stability

U.S. Africa Command has four component commands, one sub-unied command, and the CombinedJoint Task Force - Horn of Africa. Our components are newly established and have inherited legacy eorts

that they must mold to t the Commands strategy. U.S. Africa Commands components and subordinatecommands are the primary implementers of our programs and activities on the continent. Since ourcomponents have no assigned forces, we rely on the DOD Request for Forces process for the resourcesnecessary to support our engagements in Africa.


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capacity to command and control air forces in Africafor the purpose of conducting security engagementand operations, and to promote development, airsafety, and security.

AFAFRICA is organized into an Air Force Forces(AFFOR) sta and the 617th Air and Space Operations

Center (AOC). AFAFRICAs AFFOR sta reachedFOC on 1 October 2009. The 617th AOC is expectedto achieve FOC on 1 June 2010. The AOC providescontinuous air command and control capabilityfor all theater security cooperation exercise andengagement activities and crisis response operationssuch as foreign humanitarian assistance and non-combatant evacuation operations. Eventually, theAOC will provide a common operating picture of allair and space missions over the continent. Locatedat Ramstein Air Base, Germany, the 300-person

command is administratively assigned to the UnitedStates Air Forces Europe for DOD funding support.AFAFRICA answers directly to U.S. Africa Commandfor operational assignments and joint support.

One of AFAFRICAs key programs is the Air DomainSafety and Security (ADSS) program, which is along-term Air Force program of record with FY10funding of $2.6 million. Funding is projected togrow to $3.1 million in Fiscal Year 2011. AFAFRICA willexpand ADSS signicantly in 2010, by utilizing general

purpose air forces and working together with USGdepartments and agencies and other partners todevelop African capacity to provide regional airsafety and security solutions to the civil and militaryair domains. Discussions with Rwanda, Uganda,Nigeria and Ghana are underway, and will lay thefoundation for a common regional air picture.

u.s. mariNe CorPs forCes, afriCa (marforaf)

MARFORAF, located in Stuttgart,Germany, conducts operations,exercises, training, and securitycooperation activities throughout the

AOR. In 2009, MARFORAF participated in 15 ACOTAmissions aimed at improving partners capabilitiesto provide logistical support, employ military police,and exercise command and control over deployed

forces. As the executive agent for the Non-LethalWeapons program, MARFORAF conducted a verysuccessful capabilities exercise attended by elevenAfrican countries. This exercise highlighted a widerange of weapons that can limit the escalation offorce and increase a tactical commanders ability tocontrol a situation short of lethal force.

MARFORAF conducted mil-to-mil events in2009 designed to familiarize our African partnerswith nearly every facet of military operations andprocedures, including use of unmanned aerialvehicles, tactics, and medical skills. MARFORAF, asthe lead component, continues to conduct ExerciseAFRICAN LION in Morocco--the largest annualCombined Joint Chiefs of Sta (CJCS) exercise onthe African continent--as well as Exercise SHAREDACCORD 10, which will be the rst CJCS exercise

conducted in Mozambique.

u.s. sPeCial oPeratioNs CommaNd, afriCa(soCafriCa)

On 1 October 2008, SOCAFRICA wasformed as a Special Operations Forces(SOF) Functional Sub-Unied Commandfor U.S. Africa Command. SOCAFRICA

is co-located with U.S. Africa Command at Kelley

Barracks, Stuttgart, Germany.Also on 1 October 2008, SOCAFRICA assumed

responsibility for the Special Operations Commandand Control Element - Horn of Africa, and on 15 May2009, SOCAFRICA assumed responsibility for JointSpecial Operations Task Force TransSahara (JSOTF-TS)the SOF component of Operation EnduringFreedom - TransSahara.

SOCAFRICAs objectives are to build operationalcapacity, strengthen regional security and capacity

initiatives, implement eective communicationstrategies in support of strategic objectives, anderadicate violent extremist organizations and theirsupporting networks. SOCAFRICA forces workclosely with both U.S. Embassy country teams andAfrican partners, maintaining a small but sustainedpresence throughout Africa, predominantly in

33Partnership - Peace - Stability


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the OEF-TS and CJTF-HOA regions. SOCAFRICAspersistent SOF presence provides an invaluableresource that furthers USG eorts to combat violentextremist groups and builds partner nation CTcapacity.

CombiNed JoiNt task forCe - horN of afriCa(CJtf-hoa)

In East and Central Africa,CJTF-HOA is critical to U.S. AfricaCommands eorts to buildpartner capacity to counterviolent extremists and address

other regional security challenges. Its mission tocounter violent extremism and its location at CampLemonnier remain of utmost importance given the

rising regional threat from al-Qaeda and al-Shabaabin Somalia and al-Qaeda in Yemen. To counterextremist inuences, CJTF-HOA works along severallines of eort:

Fostering Regional Security Cooperation: CJTF-HOA works in close coordination with coalitionmembers, African partners, other USG departmentsand agencies, and NGOs operating in the JointOperations Area. CJTF-HOA fosters regional securitycooperation through support to the East African

Standby Force, the International Peace SupportTraining Center, the Humanitarian Peace SupportSchool, ACOTA, the East African Community, and thEast African regional disaster preparedness exerciseNATURAL FIRE and GOLDEN SPEAR.

Strengthening Partner Nation Security Capacity:

Civil-military Operations, activities, and developmenprograms oer U.S Africa Command variouspathways to strengthen partner security capacity.Civil Aairs (CA) teams help our partners promotethe legitimacy of their governments and militaryforces. Coordinated with USAID and DOS, civil aaiactivities help mitigate the underlying stressesthat can contribute to regional instability. CJTF-HOA also strengthens partner security capacity bysupporting APS; providing opportunities for ourAfrican partners militaries to work closely with our

CA Teams; developing Maritime Safety and SecurityCounter-Piracy capability and capacity; and byproviding opportunities for African military liaisonocers to serve on the CJTF-HOA sta.

CJTF-HOAs support for Djiboutis eorts to trainSomali TFG soldiers and support to the East AfricanStandby Force Field Training Exercise has improvedDjiboutis capacity to assume a larger role inpromoting peace in the Horn of Africa.

34 Partnership - Peace - StabilityseKONdI, ghANA - the Uss NAshvILLe LIes At ANChOr IN seKONdI, ghANA, I N febrUAry 2009 dUrINg A vIsItOf AfrICA PArtNershIP stAtION. the NAshvILLe, wIth AN INterNAtIONAL Crew, ArrIved IN ghANA. the sh

wAs

2010 u.s.africa command posture statement

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