2012 doha africa vanlauwe slides

8/13/2019 2012 Doha Africa Vanlauwe Slides

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Integrated Soil Fertility Management

(ISFM) in Sub-Saharan Africa

Bernard VanlauweInternational Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)Nairobi, [email protected]


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Poor infrastructure expensive inputs!

Small farms poor people!


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Good soil

Poor soil

Variability in soil fertility Same farm Same variety Same inputs Same management

Many factors affect crop yield


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No fertilizer, no intensification

IFA, 2001


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Crops do respond to fertilizer in Africa!

Maize in Kenya

Millet in Niger

0

1000

2000

3000

low medium high

management

m a i z e y

i e l d [ k g

h a - 1

]

control (no fertilizer applied)

fertilizer applied

M a

i z e g r a

i n y

i e l d ( k g

/ h a

)

Managementintensity(planting date,crop density,time of Papplication); Tinfouga, Mali

Bationo et al., 1997

Universal principles of nutrient management


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But fertilizer is very often not enough

N+P Fertilizer

Manure+ N

Variability in response to fertilizer

Non-responsive soils


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We have tools for organic input production...

Grain legumes

Legume treefallows

Legume

green manures

Legume forages

control (non-inoculated)

inoculated with Legumefix

N-deficient maize (farmer practice)



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The application of soil fertility managementpractices, and the knowledge to adapt these to local

conditions , which maximize fertilizer and organicresource use efficiency and crop productivity.

These practices necessarily include appropriatefertilizer and organic input management in

combination with the utilization of improvedgermplasm




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Agro-ecological intensification


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LaboratoryCost!Time!

Test kits Accuracy?Cost?

Local indicatorsSensitivity?Extrapolation?

Diagnosis of constraintsInfrared spectroscopyQuick!

Cheap!

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996

Year

T o

t a l m

i l l e t d r y m a

t t e r

( k g

h a -

1 )

Control

Crop residues

Fertilizer

Crop residues + fertilizer

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

withoutcrop

residues

with cropresidues

D r y m a

t t e r

/ N a p p

l i e

d ( k g

k g - 1

)

Optimal use of crop residues


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0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

Close Mid-distance Remote

M a

i z e g r a

i n y

i e l d

Shinyalu, Western Kenya

SED (control)

Site-specific formulation

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

Close Mid-distance Remote

M a i z e g r a

i n y

i e l d

controlwith NPK

Shinyalu, Western Kenya

SED (control) SED (with PPK)

Site-specific formulation


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Site-specific formulationResponsivesoils thatrespond to1. NPK and2. application oflime, Mavuno,and FYM

Con -P -N -K +Lime +Mav +FYM

R e s

p o n s e r a

t i o ( Y i e l d / Y i e l d N P K )

Yield NPK1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.20.0

Crop-specific formulation

Crop N : P : K ratioMaize 100 : 21 : 29Cassava 100 : 17 : 174Yam 100 : 12 : 107Plantain 100 : 9 : 224Soybean 100 : 8 : 27

?


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Farmer-specific formulation

G r a

i n y

i e l d ( k g

/ h a

)

Fertilizer N (kg N/ha)

Maximumeconomic yield

Max agronomicefficiency

Response 1

Response 2

Maximumagronomic yield

Innovative distribution channels

Small packs

Empowering agro-dealers Knowledge tansfer

ICT applications


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2012 doha africa vanlauwe slides

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