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2012 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium
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IEEE Catalog Number: CFP12APS-CDRISBN: 978-1-4673-0460-3ISSN: 1522-3965 July 8-14, 2012
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2012 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI National Radio Science Meeting
Technical Program (As of June 11, 2012)
Note: Interactive Forum (IF) posters will be on display from 10:00 am until 5:00 pm on the scheduled day. Authors of IF poster papers are expected to be present at their posters from 10:00 am until 12:00 noon on the assigned day.
Monday, July 9
Morning Afternoon
Chicago VI 101 Applications of Numerical Methods
151 Fast Solution, Model Reduction, and Domain Decomposition for Finite Element Analysis
Chicago VII
102 Millimeter-Wave Antennas
152 THz Sources, Systems, and Applications
Chicago VIII
153 Electrodynamics and Applications of Carbon Nanotube and Graphene Systems
Chicago IX 154 The Legacy of Harold A. Wheeler
Chicago X
103 Globalization of Engineering Education: Perspectives and Panel Discussion
155 Beamforming, Nulling, and Direction of Arrival Estimation
Huron 104 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
156 Biomedical Systems
Michigan A 105 Electronic Devices, Circuits, and Applications I
157 Microstrip antennas
Michigan B 106 Radar Systems, Target
Phenomenology and Processing
158 Modeling for Wireless Propagation Channels
166 Wireless Communications and Propagation Effects
Superior A 107 High Frequency Techniques
159 High Frequency and Asymptotic Methods
Superior B 108 Ionospheric Modeling and Propagation
160 Antenna Theory
Colorado 109 Adaptive and Wideband Arrays
161 Multiband Antennas 167 Microwave Lens Antennas
Missouri 110 Diagnostic and
Therapeutic Applications of Hyperthermia
162 Parallel and Special-Processor Based Numerical Methods
Parlor C 111 Vehicular Antennas 163 Antenna Measurements and Measurement Systems
Mississippi 112 Arrays for Cognitive Networking
164 Radio Communication Systems
Ohio 113 Electromagnetic Effects of Materials
165 Integral Equation Solvers for Large and Multi-Scale Problems
River Exhibition Hall B
IF11 Impedance Matching and Decoupling for MIMO Systems IF12 Fields and Waves in Metamaterials - Part I IF13 Fields and Waves in Metamaterials - Part II IF14 Metamaterials and Metastructures IF15 Small Antennas: Wideband, Multiband, High-Frequency and On-Body Applications IF16 Remote Sensing, Imaging, and Inverse Scattering
Tuesday, July 10
Morning Afternoon
Chicago VIII
251 Antenna Feed Systems for Space and Terrestrial Applications
Chicago IX 252 Prof. Robert Kouyoumjian Memorial Session: Asymptotic HF and Hybrid Methods
Chicago X 201 Spiral and Sinuous Antennas
253 Antenna Arrays: Theory and Design
Huron 202 Dosimetry and EM
Exposure Assessment 254 Electromagnetic Imaging and Sensing Applications in Biology and Medicine
266 RF/Microwave Technology for Cancer Detection and Treatment
Michigan A 203 Electronic Devices, Circuits, and Applications II
255 Microstrip antennas and printed devices
Michigan B 204 Scattering and Diffraction 256 Random and Complex Media Effects
Superior A 205 Electromagnetic Environment and Interference
257 Dual-Polarized and Circularly Polarized Antennas
Superior B 206 Radar and Imaging Systems
258 UWB Antennas
Colorado 207 Electromagnetics Education
259 Optimization Methods in Electromagnetics
Missouri 208 Time-Domain Numerical Methods
260 Finite Difference Time Domain Techniques
Parlor C 209 Wireless On-Body and WLAN Antennas
261 Near-Field Techniques and Applications
Mississippi 210 Reflector antennas 262 Reflectarrays 267 Reflectarray systems and applications
Ohio 211 Antenna Testing 263 Advances in Integral Equation Methods
Ontario 212 Discontinuous Galerkin Finite Element Methods
264 Finite-Element Methods: Theory and Applications
Mayfair 213 Dielectric and Dielectric-Loaded Antennas
265 Wideband and Multiband Dielectric Resonator Antennas
River Exhibition Hall B
IF21 Metamaterial Surfaces and Cloaks IF22 Nanoscale Electromagnetics IF23 Antenna Applications of Metasurfaces IF24 Wireless Systems and RFID in Complex Environments IF25 Small Antennas: Low Frequency Applications IF26 Remote Sensing IF27 RFID - Systems
Wednesday, July 11
Morning Afternoon
Chicago VI 301 Electromagnetic Bandgap Materials 1 351 Electromagnetic Bandgap Materials 2
Chicago VII
302 Design and Analysis of Dielectric Resonator Antennas 352 Non Foster Matching
Chicago VIII
303 Flexible 2D and 3D Printed Antennas 353 Theoretical, Algorithmic, and Technological Advances in Electromagnetic Inverse Scattering
Chicago IX 304 Future Trends in Radar 354 Terahertz Technology
Chicago X 305 Phased Array Antennas I 355 Phased Array Antennas II
Huron 306 Electromagnetic Imaging for Breast Cancer Detection 356 Antennas for Biomedical Applications
Michigan A 307 Microstrip Circuits I 357 Microstrip Circuits II
Michigan B 308 Scattering by Random or Complex Media 358 Scattering, Diffraction, and RCS
Superior A 309 Measurements of Antennas and Wireless Systems 359 Pattern Reconfigurable Antennas
Superior B 310 UWB Antennas in Communications 360 UWB Antenna Arrays
Colorado 311 Optimization Techniques 361 Electromagnetic Design Optimization
Missouri 312 Advances in FDTD Methods and Analysis 362 Advances in Non-Standard FDTD Methods
Parlor C 313 Antenna Feeds and Matching 363 Printed Dipole, Slot, and Planar Inverted-F Antennas
Mississippi 314 Experimental Performance Analysis of Urban and Terrestrial Wireless Systems
364 Reflectarray elements and synthesis
Ohio 315 Integral Equation Methods I 365 Integral Equation Methods II
River Exhibition Hall B
IF31 MIMO Channel Characterization and Performance Evaluation IF32 Metamaterial Antennas and Applications IF33 RFID- Novel structures IF34 Small Antennas: Design Concepts IF35 Leaky-Wave and Traveling-Wave Antennas IF36 Transformation Electromagnetics IF37 Transmission and Absorption in Metamaterials
Thursday, July 12
Morning Afternoon
Chicago VI 401 Applications of Frequency Selective Surfaces 451 Analysis and Design of Frequency Selective Surfaces
Chicago VII
402 Absorbers and Scattering Control 452 Antennas with Novel Materials
Chicago VIII
403 AMTA Special Session - Advances in RF Measurement Technology
453 Challenging canonical scattering problems and new EM problems involving special materials
Chicago IX 404 Evaluation Techniques for Compact Multi Element Antennas for MIMO
454 Slotted and Guided Wave Antennas I
Chicago X 405 Phased Array Antennas III 455 Phased Array Antennas IV
Huron 406 Human Body Interaction with Antennas and Other Electromagnetic Devices
456 Advances in Numerical Methods
Michigan A 407 Microstrip Antenna Arrays 457 Microstrip and Slot Arrays
Michigan B 408 Inverse Scattering and Imaging: Methods and Algorithms 458 Inverse Scattering and Imaging: Technologies and Applications
Superior A 409 Reconfigurable Antennas 459 Frequency Configurable Antennas I
Superior B 410 Advances in UWB Antennas and Systems 460 Broadband/wideband antennas
Colorado 411 Multi-Frequency Antennas: Mobile Communications 461 Advances in Adaptive and Smart Antenna Systems
Missouri 412 Transients and Time-Domain Techniques 462 Time-domain techniques and analysis
Parlor C 413 Millimeter Wave Printed Antennas 463 Slot Antennas and Arrays
Mississippi 414 Propagation in Complex Environments 464 Communication Channel Management
Ohio 415 Fast Integral Equation Solvers and Stable Discretizations
Mayfair 465 Sensor Networks and Sensor Arrays
River Exhibition Hall B
IF41 Antennas for MIMO and Diversity Systems IF42 Chirality and Bianisotropy in Metamaterials IF43 Circuit-Based Metamaterials IF44 Plasmonics IF45 RFID antenna performance on materials IF46 Small Antennas: Designs and Applications IF47 Wireless Power Transfer
Friday, July 13
Morning Afternoon
Chicago VI 501 Hybrid Methods and Method Comparisons 551 Fast Methods
Chicago VII
502 Electromagnetic Properties of Advanced Materials and Circuits
552 EM Metrology and Materials
Chicago VIII
503 Cognitive radio: improvements through the integration of electromagnetic and communications theory
553 Advances in Commercial Electromagnetic Simulation Tools
Chicago IX 504 Guided Waves and Wave-Guiding Structures 554 Slotted and Guided Wave Antennas II
Chicago X 505 Antennas for Mobile Handsets 555 Antennas for mobile and wireless applications
Huron 506 Numerical Techniques 556 Analysis and Application of Numerical Methods
Michigan A 507 Microstrip-Fed Arrays 557 Modeling in Urban and Terrestrial Communication Systems
Michigan B 508 Analytical and Numerical Techniques in Scattering and Imaging
558 Rough Surface Scattering Phenomenology
Superior A 509 Frequency Configurable Antennas II 559 Reconfigurable Arrays
Superior B 510 Wideband Antennas 560 Wideband Antennas and Arrays
Colorado 511 Multi-Frequency Antennas: Design and Analysis #1 561 Multi-Frequency Antennas: Design and Analysis #2
Missouri 512 Satellite Communication Antennas 562 Radar Imaging and Non-Intrusive Monitoring
Parlor C 513 Theoretical and Nonlinear Electromagnetics 563 Electromagnetic Theory
Mayfair 514 Analysis of Propagation and Radiation in Complex Media 564 Propagation effects
River Exhibition Hall B
IF51 MIMO Communication Strategies IF52 Volumetric Metamaterials IF53 Nano-electromagnetics IF54 Non-Antenna Applications of Metasurfaces IF55 RFID Reader Design IF56 Sensing the Environment IF57 Small mobile antennas
1Politecnico di Torino, Italy; 2Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia
10:40 411.7 A Miniaturized Circularly Polarized, Parasitic Array Antenna for Ground Station Communication with Cube Satellites C. Cato, S. Lim
11:00 411.8 Quad Band CPW-Planar IFA with Independent Frequency Control for Wireless Applications
, Georgia Southern University, United States
D. M. N. Elsheakh
11:20 411.9 Multi Band Microstrip Slot Antenna for Mobile Base Station
, A. M. M. Soliman, E. A. Abdallah, Electronics Research Institute, Egypt
M. S. El-gendy, H. H. Abdullah, E. A. F. Abdallah
11:40 411.10 A Penta-Band Two Elements Bow-Tie Patch Array Antenna
, Electronics Research institute, Egypt
S. M. Razavi zadeh
Thursday, July 12 8:20-12:00 Missouri
, IRIB University, Iran
Session 412 AP-S
Transients and Time-Domain Techniques
Session Chairs: Shanker Balasubramaniam, Tapan SARKAR
08:20 412.1 A Stable Higher Order TDIE Solver Using a Separable Approximation for Convolution with the Retarded Potential A. J. Pray
08:40 412.2 A Hybrid Method of Moment (MoM) and Physical Optics (PO) Technique in the Time Domain
, N. V. Nair, B. Shanker, Michigan State University, United States
Z. Mei1Syracuse University, United States; 2Xidian University, China; 3Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain
1, Z. Yu2, T. K. Sarkar1, M. Salazar-Palma3
09:00 412.3 A Random-Plane-Wave Model for Short-Pulse-Excited Ray-Chaotic Enclosures G. Castaldi, V. Galdi
09:20 412.4 A Novel Time Delay Controlling UWB Array Based on Analytical Algorithm
, I. M. Pinto, University of Sannio, Italy
P. Li09:40 Break
, J. Pan, D. Yang, UESTC, China
10:20 412.5 A Comparative Study of Volumetric Vs. Subcell Modeling of Thin-Wire Structures in FVTD I. Jeffrey
10:40 412.6 Time Domain Integral Equation Solver for Composite Scatterers Using a Separable Expansion for Convolution with the Retarded Potential
, J. LoVetri, University of Manitoba, Canada; C. Fumeaux, University of Adelaide, Australia
A. J. Pray
11:00 412.7 Self-Consistent Modeling of Higher Pressure Microwave PACVD Reactors
, N. V. Nair, B. Shanker, Michigan State University, United States
C. S. Meierbachtol
11:20 412.8 Analysis of Two Methods of Poles Extraction for Antenna Characterization
, T. A. Grotjohn, B. Shanker, Michigan State University, United States
F. Sarrazin
11:40 412.9 Time-Domain Method of Moments Accelerated by Adaptive Cross Approximation Algorithm
, A. Sharaiha, Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications of Rennes (IETR), France; P. Pouliguen, P. Potier, J. Chauveau, Direction Générale de l'Armement (DGA), France
Y. Yan, Y. Zhang, X.-W. Zhao, Xidian University, China; Z. Mei
Thursday, July 12 8:20-12:00 Parlor C
, W. Zhao, T. K. Sarkar, Syracuse University, United States
Session 413 AP-S
Millimeter Wave Printed Antennas
Session Chairs: Duixian Liu, Mohammad Fakharzadeh
08:20 413.1 An Aperture-Coupled Patch Antenna in RFIC Package for 60 GHz Applications D. Liu
08:40 413.2 Antenna-in-Package Solution for Millimeter-Wave Applications: Slotted-Patch in a Multilayer PCB
, S. Reynolds, IBM, United States
A. Enayati1IMEC, Belgium; 2KU Leuven, Belgium
1,2, G. A. E. Vandenbosch2, W. D. Raedt1
09:00 413.3 HDI Organic Technology Integrating Built-in Antennas Dedicated to 60 GHz SiP Solution R. Pilard
1STMicroelectronics, France; 2LEAT-CREMANT, France; 3IM2NP, France; 4Orange Labs-CREMANT, France
1, D. Titz2, F. Gianesello1, P. Calascibetta1, J.-M. Riviere1, J. Lopez1, R. Coffy1, E. Saugier1, A. Poulain1, F. Ferrero2, C. Luxey3, P. Brachat4, G. Jacquemod3, D. Gloria1
09:20 413.4 Broad E-Plane Beamwidth Zeroth-Order Resonance Patch Antenna S.-T. Ko
09:40 413.5 A Compact Dual-Band Aperture-Coupled Microstrip Antenna for Ku-Band Applications
, J.-H. Lee, Hongik Unversity, South Korea
M. Sorouri10:00 Break
, P. Rezaei, Semnan University, Iran
10:20 413.6 A Compact 4 by 1 Patch Array Antenna-in- Package for 60 GHz Applications M. Fakharzadeh
10:40 413.7 Simultaneous Optimization of Aperture and Feed Line of a Microstrip Patch Antenna
, Peraso Technologies, Canada
F. Deek11:00 413.8 Numerical Comparison of Exact and Asymptotic Methods for
Sommerfeld Integral Evaluation with Applications to Microstrip Antennas
, C. Wan, Mentor Graphics, United States
D. Chatterjee
11:20 413.9 Wideband Shorted Higher-Order Mode Millimeter-Wave Patch Antenna
, University of Missouri Kansas City (UMKC), United States; S. M. Rao, M. S. Kluskens, Naval Research Laboratory, United States
D. Wang
11:40 413.10 A High Selectivity Band-Notched UWB Antenna with Controllable Notched Bandwidths
, H. Wong, K. B. Ng, C. H. Chan, City University of Hong Kong, China
G. Yang, Q.-X. Chu
Thursday, July 12 8:20-12:00 Mississippi
, School of Electronic and Information Engineering,South China University of Technology, China
Session 414 AP-S
Propagation in Complex Environments
Session Chairs: Benjamin Bush, DaHan Liao
08:20 414.1 Practical Modeling of Radio Wave Propagation in Shallow Seawater B. F. Bush
08:40 414.2 Evaluation of Ricean K-Factor of an Ultra-Wideband Channel in an Underground Mine
, K. Naishadham, V. K. Tripp, Georgia Institute of Technology, United States
B. Nkakanou
09:00 414.3 Characterization of the 60 GHz Channel in Underground Mining Environment
, Université Laval, Canada; N. Hakem, G. Y. Delisle, LRTCS-UQAT, Canada
C. Lounis09:20 414.4 Experimental Characterization of MIMO-UWB Multipath
Underground Mine Radio Channels
, N. Hakem, G. Y. Delisle, LRTCS-UQAT, Canada
I. Ben Mabrouk1Underground Communication Research Laboratory, Canada; 2UQO, Canada; 3Communications Research Centre Canada, Canada
1, L. Talbi2, M. Nedil1, K. Hettak3
09:40 414.5 Antenna Directivity Impact on MIMO System Performance. A. Salim, N. Kandil, M. Nedil, UQAT, Canada; I. Ben Mabrouk
10:00 Break
, L. Talbi, UQO, canada
10:20 414.6 Peer to Peer Propagation in Vegetation Media for Wireless Sensor Networks J. A. Gay-Fernández, I. Cuiñas
10:40 414.7 Radar Target Discrimination for Infrastructure-Based Navigation
, Universidade de Vigo, Spain
C. O. Hargrave, CSIRO, Australia; A. Abbosh, V. Clarkson, N. V. Shuley, The University of Queensland, Australia
Peer to peer propagation in vegetation media for wireless sensor networks
José Antonio Gay-Fernández, Iñigo Cuiñas Dept. Teoría do Sinal e Comunicacións
Universidade de Vigo Vigo, Spain
Abstract—The extension of wireless communication systems and their application in rural environments, require radio propagation models adapted to this situations: presence of vegetation (both trees and shrubs), low transmitted powers, or peer to peer configurations. This work presents the results of a large radio propagation measurement campaign, conducted in different vegetation environment, with low antenna heights, and tuned to frequencies assigned to wireless networks: 2.4, 3.5 and 5.8 GHz bands.
I. INTRODUCTION After long time working on measuring and modeling radio
wave propagation at different urban media, many rural applications have moved the focus to environments with different characteristics, as the vegetation areas are. Once wireless technologies have been extended from business areas to urban residential places, the next challenge is the acquisition of the rural world, with services valid for such locations.
The first step in this rural extension was the deployment of cellular phone systems providing coverage around villages and at added value terrains (i.e. vineyards). The traditional master-slave based models proposed by ITU-R [1] were precise enough for their proposal: the link base station to mobile terminal across the forest canopies could be comparable to satellite/plane to earth links across vegetation.
However, many of the services directly defined for rural vegetation environments are based in peer to peer configurations: wireless sensor networks for agriculture purposes, radio location for extensive ranching [2] or for single elderly safety. These services would be the jump requested in rural areas to obtain the economic development they expect: they could support the jump from manual to technical activities within the same business sector. This jump must represent an improvement in the quality and competitiveness of the products: better wines or higher quality meat.
In such configuration, the radio link does not cross (or could not cross) the canopies of the trees: this link is cut by tree trunks and low level branches, or even by large shrubbery. Such a different scenario claims for new definitions of the radio channel. Thus, new data is required to adjust propagation models suitable for peer to peer radio links at wireless frequencies [3].
This contribution tries to show the results of large measurement campaigns in vegetation environments, both forest and meadows, looking for data to adjust peer to peer propagation models. Thus, the second section is devoted of the developed measurement activities, including the environments, the setup and the procedure. The third section contains the propagation model proposed after processing the measurement outcomes. And the fourth section contains the conclusions.
II. MEASUREMENTS Large measurement campaigns have been developed in
different vegetation environments. At each location, the same equipment and procedure were used.
The set of scenarios includes deciduous and evergreen forests, as well as scrubland and grassland surfaces. Concretely, four forest areas have been analyzed: pine tree, eucalyptus, and oak tree in both winter (no leaves) and summer (full of leaves). The selection of the environments was done in order to cover a good variety of situations.
The setup consisted of separate transmitter and receiver. The transmitter was mounted around a signal generator, powered by a petrol-engineered electric generator. The waves, at 2.4, 3.5 and 5.8 GHz, were transmitted by an omnidirectional bi-conical dipole antenna. The receiver end is based on a portable spectrum analyzer, which was fed by another omnidirectional antenna. A laptop connected to the analyzer recorded the data. Both antennas were placed at 1.6 m height.
At each environment, up to three radials were defined, centered in a reference tree, where the transmitter antenna was installed. Two different transmission configurations were used: open, when the transmitting antenna is placed in the side of the tree that has line of sight to the receiver radial, and shadowed, when the reference tree obstructs the line of sight to the radial. Measurements were caught along each radial, selecting successive tree at this line and supporting the receiving antenna near the trunks. The maximum distance between transmitter and receiver depended on the attenuation induced by the forest, and it was limited by the sensitivity of the analyzer. Up to 301 received power samples (3001 in the scrubland scenario) were recorded at each measurement point, in order to use the average value as representative of the channel behavior.
978-1-4673-0462-7/12/$31.00 ©2012 IEEE
III. PEER TO PEER PROPAGATION MODEL After the measurement campaign, the amount of received
power samples recorded by the spectrum analyzer made impossible to use them for any purpose before processing. So, the collected data has been analyzed in order to provide equations that could constitute a peer to peer propagation model. Although formulas like used by ITU-R Recommendation 833 [1] had been tested, better approaches were obtained by fitting a linear law as enunciated:
P=P0-n·10·log10(d) (1)
where P0 is the received power, expressed in dBm, at 1 meter from the transmitter; P is received power, also in dBm, at a distance d from the transmitter; d is the distance between transmitter and receiver, in meters; and n is a factor that shows the rhythm at which the power decays with distance.
The rhythms of power decay, n, obtained by processing the measured data at woodlands are summarized in the tables I to III.
TABLE I. RHYTHMS OF POWER DECAY, PINE TREE FOREST.
freq (GHz)
Transmission configuration Open Shadowed
2.4 2.91 2.23
3.5 3.32 2.58
5.8 3.04 2.34
TABLE II. RHYTHMS OF POWER DECAY, EUCALIPTUS FOREST.
freq (GHz)
Transmission configuration Open Shadowed
2.4 2.49 2.01
3.5 2.81 1.82
5.8 2.81 2.00
TABLE III. RHYTHMS OF POWER DECAY, OAK TREE FOREST.
freq (GHz)
Environment conditions
Transmission configuration Open Shadowed
2.4
Summer (leaves) 3.06 2.41
Winter (no leaves) 2.40 2.72
3.5 Summer (leaves) 3.25 2.23
Winter (no leaves) 2.77 2.11
5.8 Summer (leaves) 3.64 2.30
Winter (no leaves) 3.08 2.10
It could be observed that the exponent n appears to be larger than the free space traditional reference (2) in most of the scenarios and situations.
When analyzing the meadows data, in many cases we found that it fitted better a double decay law, as presented in equations 2 and 3.
P=P01-n1·10·log10(d) d<dbreak (2)
P=P02-n2·10·log10(d) d>dbreak (3)
So, the power decay corresponding to such environments is modeled by two constants and a break distance (dbreak), at which the constant n changes. Tables IV and V contains the data model for meadows.
TABLE IV. RHYTHMS OF POWER DECAY, GRASSLAND.
freq (GHz) dbreak (m) n1 n2
2.4 85 2.04 3.61
3.5 - 1.90 -
5.8 - 1.98 -
TABLE V. RHYTHMS OF POWER DECAY, SCRUBLAND.
freq (GHz) dbreak (m) n1 n2
2.4 13 1.88 5.58
3.5 13 1.98 5.53
5.8 14 2.07 5.12
The values of n grow behind the break point, when the attenuation due to the vegetation appears to be more intense.
IV. CONCLUSIONS An extensive power measurement campaign has been
carried out along six different scenarios in order to obtain data enough to adjust the propagation models. The provided model could be interesting for planning wireless networks in rural vegetation areas, which are going to be one of the challenges for radio communications in next years.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work has been supported by European Union (CIP-
PA), project “RFID from Farm to Fork”, grant 250444.
REFERENCES [1] International Telecommunication Union-Radio (ITU-R), “Attenuation in
Vegetation”. ITU-R Recommendation 833-6. [2] J.A. Gay-Fernández, I. Cuiñas, M.G. Sánchez, A.V. Alejos, “Radio
electric validation of an electronic cowbell based on ZigBee technology”, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol.53, no.4, pp.40-44, August 2011.
[3] H. Hashemi, “Propagation Channel Modeling for Ad hoc Networks”, EuWiT 2008, European Microwave Week, Amsterdam 2008.