2012 mar 27 freedom of association and protection of the right to organize convention, 1948...

8/2/2019 2012 Mar 27 Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organize Convention, 1948 [Compatibility Mode]

1/74

Freedom of Association and Protection of the

Right to Organize Convention, 1948

(No.87)

Federation of Trade Unions- Burma

Tim De Meyer

Specialist on International Labour Standards& Labour Law, Subregional

Office for East Asia (SRO Bangkok), [email protected]


2/74

vGwfvyfpGm toif;tzGJ@rsm; zGJ@pnf;cGifhESifhvGwfvyfpGm toif;tzGJ@rsm; zGJ@pnf;cGifhESifhvGwfvyfpGm toif;tzGJ@rsm; zGJ@pnf;cGifhESifhvGwfvyfpGm toif;tzGJ@rsm; zGJ@pnf;cGifhESifh

pnf;&kH;cGifhtm;pnf;&kH;cGifhtm;pnf;&kH;cGifhtm;pnf;&kH;cGifhtm;

tumtuG,fay;jcif;qdkif&m jyXmef;csuf 1948tumtuG,fay;jcif;qdkif&m jyXmef;csuf 1948tumtuG,fay;jcif;qdkif&m jyXmef;csuf 1948tumtuG,fay;jcif;qdkif&m jyXmef;csuf 1948

(trSwf87)(trSwf87)(trSwf87)(trSwf87)


wif'Dar,mwif'Dar,mwif'Dar,mwif'Dar,m

EkdifiHwum tvkyform;pHE_ef;rsm;ESifh tvkyform;Oya'txl;uGsrf;usifolEkdifiHwum tvkyform;pHE_ef;rsm;ESifh tvkyform;Oya'txl;uGsrf;usifolEkdifiHwum tvkyform;pHE_ef;rsm;ESifh tvkyform;Oya'txl;uGsrf;usifolEkdifiHwum tvkyform;pHE_ef;rsm;ESifh tvkyform;Oya'txl;uGsrf;usifol

ta&S@tm&S a'o&kH;cGJ (ta&S@tm&S a'o&kH;cGJ (ta&S@tm&S a'o&kH;cGJ (ta&S@tm&S a'o&kH;cGJ (SRO befaumuf) xkdif;EkdifiHbefaumuf) xkdif;EkdifiHbefaumuf) xkdif;EkdifiHbefaumuf) xkdif;EkdifiH

[email protected]


3/74

Ratification

Ratified by 80% of States worldwide, but only 50%of States in Asia Pacific

In AP, C.87 is the least widely ratified of the ILO fundamental Conventions

Countries with sizeable populations have not ratified C.87 nor C.98:China, India, United States + Viet Nam, IR Iran, RoKorea , Thailand



4/74

twnfjyKjcif; vufrSwfa&xkd;jcif;twnfjyKjcif; vufrSwfa&xkd;jcif;twnfjyKjcif; vufrSwfa&xkd;jcif;twnfjyKjcif; vufrSwfa&xkd;jcif;

urBmw0Srf;wGif EkdifiH 80 % u todtrSwfjyKvufrSwfa&xdk;+yD; jzpfI tm&SypdzdwfwGifr_ EkdifiH

50 % om twnfjyKxm;onf?

tm&Sypdzdwfa'owGifC 87 onfILO tajccHjyXmef;csufrsm;teuf twnfjyKvufrwfa ;xd;r t f;qH; daom y m f;cufzpfo f?


vlOD;a&rsm;jym;aom EkdifiHrsm;onfC87 (odk@r[kwf) C98 ukd twnfjyKvufrSwfa&xdk;jcif;r&Sdao;yg? w&kwf/ tdENd,/ tar&duefESifh AD,uferf/ tD&ef/ awmifudk&D;,m;/ xdkif;


5/74

Why C.87/ C.98?

Development (including the functioning of labour market ) is aprocess that needs to be governed by democratic participation ,particularly from the productive forces

Effective particularly requires strong, independent andrepresentative (SIR) organization of employers and workers ( E&W)

To be SIR, E&W or anizations need ri hts that uarantee their


independence from the public authorities, as well as from each other

C.87: independence from public authorities

C.98 :independence from each other, including

Independent negotiation with each other on conditions of work


6/74

bma=umifhvJ (bma=umifhvJ (bma=umifhvJ (bma=umifhvJ (C -87, C 98 ))))

zGH@+zdK;a&qdkonfrSm (tvkyform;aps;uGufrsm;. vkyfief;rsm; tygt0if) txl;ojzifhukefxkwfvkyfr_ pGr;ftm;pkrsm;. 'Drdkua&pDenf;usaqmif&Gufr_jzifh uGyfuJ}uD;=uyf&ef vdktyfaomjzpfpOfwpf&yfjzpfonf?

xda&mufaom yg0ifaqmif&Gufr_onf tvkyf&SifESifh tvkyform;twGuf cdkifrmaom (SIR)vGwfvyfaom/ udk,fpm;jyKr_&Sdaom tzGJ@tpnf; rsm;vkdtyfonf? (E & W)

xdkodk@aom ckdifrm/ vGwfvyf/ udk,fpm;jyK&ef tvkyf&Sif tvkyform; tzGJrsm;onf wOD; ESifh


wOD; (odk@r[kwf) tm%mydkifrsm;rS oD;jcm;uif;vGwfr_udk tmrcHonfh tcGifhta&rsm;&Sd&efvdkonf?

- C 87 -tm%mydkifrsm;rS oD;jcm;uif;vGwfr_

- C 98 - wOD;ESifh wOD; ( tvkyfESifh tvkyform;) oD;jcm;uif;vGwfr_


7/74

Fundamental Right ?

Three right are considered fundamental

-The right to organize to defend & further interests- The right to bargain collectively

- The right to strike


Fundamental does not mean absolute,

i.e they can be subject to restrictions or conditions


8/74

tajccH tcGifhta&rsm;tajccH tcGifhta&rsm;tajccH tcGifhta&rsm;tajccH tcGifhta&rsm;

tcGifhta& (3)rsKd;tm; tajccHtjzpf,lqonf?- ckcHumuG,f&efESifh aemufxyftusKd;pD;yGm;rsm;twGuf pnf;&kH;ydkifcGifh

- paygif; dEdif;ta ;qdydifcif


h

- oydwfarSmufydkifcGifh

tajccHqdkonfrSm tuGif;rJh[k t"dyg,fr&yg?

Oyrm xdktcGifhta&rsm;onf uef@owfcsufrsm;ESifh pnf;urf;owfrSwfcsufrsm;tay:rlwnfI tajymif;tvJ&SdEkdifonf?


9/74

Right to Organize

=all workers, including e.g

Public servants

teachers

state enterprise employees

judiciary

rison uards


security saff

Civilian e,ployees in defense industry

workers in essential wervices

self- employed workers

Except armed forces and police


10/74

pnf;&kH;ydkifcGifhpnf;&kH;ydkifcGifhpnf;&kH;ydkifcGifhpnf;&kH;ydkifcGifh

atmufygtvkyform;rsm; tygt0iftvkyform;rsm;tm;vHk;

- tpdk;&tr_xrf;

- ausmif;q&m/r

- tpdk;& pD;yGm;a& vkyfief;0efxrf;rsm;

- w&m;a&0efxrf;rsm;


- tusO;axmi0exr;- vHkjcHKa&0efxrf;

- umuG,fa&vufatmufcH pufr_vufr_vkyfief;rsm;&Sd t&yfom;0efxrf;rsm;

-tajccH0efaqmiefr_rsm;&Sd tvkyform;rsm;

-rdrdbmom rdrd cef@tyfxm;aom0efxrf;rsm;

(vufeufudkifwyfzGJ@ESifh &Jom;rsm;rS ty)


11/74

Right to Organize


managerial staff & executive staff in the public & private sector

but they can be required to organize separately from non-executive staff, as long as the no notions of executive and non


base of the non- executive unions


12/74

pnf;&kH;ydkifcGifhpnf;&kH;ydkifcGifhpnf;&kH;ydkifcGifhpnf;&kH;ydkifcGifh

tpdk;&ESifh yk*~vduXmersm;. pDrHcef@cGJa&ESifh tkyfcsKyfa&0efxrf;rsm; tygt0if tvkyf&Sifrsm;

tm;vHk;

d f f d d f f f f f f D J f H f d f


k@ k@ k k k l S h G k k

tkyfcsKyfa&ESifh tkyfcsKyfa&0efxr;fr[kwfolrsm;. or*~rsm;wGif&SdaomtzGJ@0ifjzpfjcif;qkdif&m tajccHrsm;udk z,f&Sm;zsufqD;ypfjcif; r[kwf&ef vdktyfonf?


13/74

Right to bargain collectively (C.98)


Teachers


civilian em lo ees in defense industr


essential services in the public and private sector

Except armed forces and police

administration of the state


14/74

pkaygif;nSdE_dif; ta&qkdydkifcGifh (pkaygif;nSdE_dif; ta&qkdydkifcGifh (pkaygif;nSdE_dif; ta&qkdydkifcGifh (pkaygif;nSdE_dif; ta&qkdydkifcGifh (C.98))))

atmufyg tvkyform;rsm; tygt0if tvkyform;rsm;tm;vHk;

ausmif;q&mr tpdk;&pD;yGm;a&vkyfief;0efxrf;rsm;

y*vdu ur%Drm; d vHc Ha ;0 fxrf;rm;


~ `

umuG,fa&Xme pufr_vkyfief;vufatmuf&Sd t&yfom;0efxrf;rsm;

tpdk;&ESifh yk*~vduydkif vkyfief;rsm;&Sdt"du 0efaqmifr_vkyfief;rsm;

(vkyfeufudkif wyfzGJ@rsm;/ &JwyfzGJ@ESifh EkdifiHawmf tkyfcsKyfa&Xmersm; ryg0if&)


15/74

Right to Strike

=all workers, including


security staff for private companies

civilian employees in defense industry

(unless an essential service)


Except

armed forces and police

Exercising authority for the State

essential services in public or private sector

acute emergency


16/74

oydwfarSmufcGifhoydwfarSmufcGifhoydwfarSmufcGifhoydwfarSmufcGifh

atmufyg 0efxrf;rsm; tygt0if tvkyform;tm;vHk;

EdkifiHawmfydkifvkyfief;rsm;&Sd 0efxrf;rsm;

yk*~vdu ukr%Drsm;&Sd vHkjcHKa&0efxrf;rsm;

umuG,fa&Xme pufr_vkyfief;vufatmuf&Sd t&yfom;0efxrf;rsm;

(tajccH0efaqmifr_vkyfief;rsm; r[kwfv#if )


atmufygwdk@rS vGJv#if

vufeufudkifwyfzGJ@rsm;ESifh &JwyfzGJ@

EkdifiHawmf tm%mudk toHk;jyKae&olrsm;

tpdk;&ESifh yk*~vdu u&Sd tajccH0efaqmifr_vkyfief;rsm;

ta&ay: tajctae


17/74

Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right toOrganize Convention, 1948 ( No. 87)

Principle

Freedom of workers and employers to establish or join organizations of theirown choosing to defend and further their interests, independently from the



18/74

vGwfvyfpGm toif;tyif;rsm; zGJ@pnf;cGifhESifh pnf;&kH;cGifhtm;vGwfvyfpGm toif;tyif;rsm; zGJ@pnf;cGifhESifh pnf;&kH;cGifhtm;vGwfvyfpGm toif;tyif;rsm; zGJ@pnf;cGifhESifh pnf;&kH;cGifhtm;vGwfvyfpGm toif;tyif;rsm; zGJ@pnf;cGifhESifh pnf;&kH;cGifhtm;tumtuG,fay;jcif;qkdif&m jyXmef;csuf 1948tumtuG,fay;jcif;qkdif&m jyXmef;csuf 1948tumtuG,fay;jcif;qkdif&m jyXmef;csuf 1948tumtuG,fay;jcif;qkdif&m jyXmef;csuf 1948

( trSwf 87)( trSwf 87)( trSwf 87)( trSwf 87)

rl0g

tpdk;& tm%mydkifrsm;rS oD;jcm;uif;vGwfI tvkyform;rsm;ESifh tvkyf&Sifrsm;u 4if;wdk@.


tusK;p;yGm;rsm;uk umuG,&eESih xyr wk;cs@Eki&e 4i;wk@uk,wkia&G;cs,r_zih vGwvypGmtzGJ@tpnf;rsm; xlaxmifEkdifcGifh odk@r[kwf toif;0ifEkdifcGifh


19/74

Who has the right to organize?

WORKERS without distinction whatsoever

wage- earners & independent ( self- employed) workers, i.e. anyone

who pursues or is willing to pursue ( e.g. unemployed) a living throughwork

Both citizens and (regular & irregular) migrant workers


u c servan s, wor ers o s a e en erpr ses pu c corpora ons

agricultural workers

workers in export processing zones/ industrial estates

atypical workers (temporary, fixed-term, casual, part time, seasonal)

workers

Workers in the informal economy


20/74

b,folawGrS pn;f&kH;cGifh &SdovJb,folawGrS pn;f&kH;cGifh &SdovJb,folawGrS pn;f&kH;cGifh &SdovJb,folawGrS pn;f&kH;cGifh &SdovJ

xl;jcm;csuf r&Sdaom tvkyform;rsm;xl;jcm;csuf r&Sdaom tvkyform;rsm;xl;jcm;csuf r&Sdaom tvkyform;rsm;xl;jcm;csuf r&Sdaom tvkyform;rsm;

vkyfcpm;rsm;/ woD;yk*~v (rdrdudk,fukd owfrSwfaom) tvkyform;rsm;- Oyrm tvkyfvkyfItoufarG;aom odk@r[kwf toufarG;&ef qEN&Sdaom

( Oyrm- tvkyfvufrJh ) rnfolrqdk

EkdifiHom; tvkyform; (yHkrSefESifh yHkrSef r[kwfaom) ESifha&$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;


tpk;&0exr;rsm;/ tpk;&yki p;yGm;a&vkyie;rsm;&S tvkyorm;rsm;ESih tpk;& aumyka&&Si;rsm; pdkufysKd;a&tvkyform;rsm;

ydk@ukef xkwfvkyfa&Zkefrsm;ESifh pufr_a'orS tvkyform;rsm;

or&kd;usr[kwfaom tvkyform;rsm; (,m,D/ owfwrf;owfrSwfxm;aom/ a&Smifwcif/tcsdefydkif;/ &moDtvkduf) tvkyform;rsm;

or&dk;usr[kwfaom pD;yGm;a&vkyfief;&Sdtvkyform;rsm;


21/74

Who has the right to organize?

Employers, also managerial staff and executive staff in the public and privatesector

Not necessarily

armed forces and police



22/74

b,folawGrS pn;f&kH;cGifh &SdovJb,folawGrS pn;f&kH;cGifh &SdovJb,folawGrS pn;f&kH;cGifh &SdovJb,folawGrS pn;f&kH;cGifh &SdovJ

tpdk;&ESifh yk*~vduu&SdpDrHcef@cGJa&ESifh tkyfcsKyfa&0efxrf;rsm;tpdk;&ESifh yk*~vduu&SdpDrHcef@cGJa&ESifh tkyfcsKyfa&0efxrf;rsm;tpdk;&ESifh yk*~vduu&SdpDrHcef@cGJa&ESifh tkyfcsKyfa&0efxrf;rsm;tpdk;&ESifh yk*~vduu&SdpDrHcef@cGJa&ESifh tkyfcsKyfa&0efxrf;rsm;

tygt0if tvkyf&Sifrsm;tygt0if tvkyf&Sifrsm;tygt0if tvkyf&Sifrsm;tygt0if tvkyf&Sifrsm;


( vufeufudkifwyfzGJ@rsm;ESifh &JwyfzGJ@wdk@ ryg0ifyg)( vufeufudkifwyfzGJ@rsm;ESifh &JwyfzGJ@wdk@ ryg0ifyg)( vufeufudkifwyfzGJ@rsm;ESifh &JwyfzGJ@wdk@ ryg0ifyg)( vufeufudkifwyfzGJ@rsm;ESifh &JwyfzGJ@wdk@ ryg0ifyg)


23/74

Rights guarantee by C.87

Establishment of organizations without prior authorization

Without the Govt deciding whether the organization can be

established or not

Registration


Is OK to ensure democratic functioning of trade unions or toprevent financial fraud

is not OK if the registration procedure is too long andcomplicated, or gives the registrar the power to e.g. impose

organization by enterprise only


24/74

C.87 jzifh tmrcHxm;aom tcGifhta&rsm;jzifh tmrcHxm;aom tcGifhta&rsm;jzifh tmrcHxm;aom tcGifhta&rsm;jzifh tmrcHxm;aom tcGifhta&rsm;

}udKwifcGifhjyKcsufr&SdyJ tzGJ@tpnf;rsm; xlaxmifzGJ@pnf;jcif;

tzGJ@tpnf;udk xlaxmifEkdifcGifh &Sdonf r&Sdonfukd tpdk;&xHrS qHk;jzwfcsuf &,ljcif;rvdk

rSwfyHkwifjcif;rSwfyHkwifjcif;rSwfyHkwifjcif;rSwfyHkwifjcif;

o f 'Drdua pD f;u or*~rm;. vyfi f;ud aqmif ufEdif f od@r[wf aiau;


vdrfvnfvSnfhzsm;r_rsm;udk wm;qD;&ef twGufomjzpfygu jy\em r&Sdyg? onf tvGef=umjrifhaom odk@r[kwf tvGef&_yfaxG;aom vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;jzpfv#if odk@r[kwfrSwfyHkwift&m&Sdudk tzGJ@tpnf;. vkyfief;ESifh ywfowfI pnf;=uyfEdkifaom vkyfydkifcGifh ay;xm;v#if

jy\em&Sdonf


25/74

Rights guarantee by C.87

Right to establish and join organizations of theirs own choosing

By occupation (trade) , by region, by company, byindustry


because of special position of public servants, prohibitingincividual to join mixed unions is OK, provided public servantunions can join mixed federations


26/74


rdrdwdk@udk,fydkifa&G;cs,fr_jzifh tzGJ@tpnf;rsm; xlaxmifydkifcGifh odk@r[kwf toif;0ifydkifcGifh

tvkyftudkift&/ a'ot&/ ukr%Dt& pufr_vkyfief; trsKd;tpm;t&

tpdk;&0efxrf; or*~rsm;onf trsKd;tpm;aygif;pHk or*~tzGJ@csKyfrsm;odk@ 0ifa&mufEdkifonf qdkygud f f d f H d f f f


pk;&0exr;rm; xl; a c ae & r K; pm;ayi;pkor*~rm;ok@ 0ia&muci;rS

wm;jrpfjcif;onf jy\emr&Sdyg?


27/74

Rights covered

Free to draw up constitutions and rules

e.g. no prescription in minute detail of election procedures

To elect representatives in full freedom

e.g. no requirement to be employed in the occupation since a certain time

Free to organize their administration

e.g. financial administration (e.g. strike funds) may only be subject to judicial


control

Free to organize their activities

e.g. unhindered disposal of all fixed and movable assets

Free to formulate their programmers

i.e. to determine the relationship with political parties in function of the need todafend occupational interests


28/74

oufqdkifaom tcGifhta&rsm;oufqdkifaom tcGifhta&rsm;oufqdkifaom tcGifhta&rsm;oufqdkifaom tcGifhta&rsm;

zGJ@pnf;yHkESifh pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;vGwfvyfpGma&qGJcGifh

Oyrm- a&G;aumufwifajrSmufr_vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;wGif tao;pdwfjyXmef;r_rsm; r&Sdjcif;

vGwfvyfr_tjynfht0jzifh udk,fpm;vS,frsm; a&G;cs,fcGifh

Oyrm- tvkyftudkifESifh ywfowfIrnfonfhvkdtyfcsufudkr# rxm;&Sdjcif;

tkyfcsKyfa&tzGJ@udk vGwfvyfpGm zGJ@pnf;cGifh


aiGau;qki&m prHce@cGJr_ Oyrm- qENy&eyHkaiG omv#i w&m;a& tzGJ@ csKyukir_ &SEkion

vkyfief;rsm;udk vGwfvyfpGm aqmif&GufcGifh

Oyrm- a&$@ajymif;Ekdifaom (odk@r[kwf) ra&$@ajymif;Edkifaom ydkifqkdifr_rsm;udk tuef@towfr&Sd yJ toHk;jyKEdkifcGifh

pDrH csufrsm;udk vGwfvyfpGm a&qGJEdkifcGifhOyrm- tvkyftudkifqkdif&m tusKd;pD;yGm;rsm;udk umuG,fEkdif&ef vdktyfygu EkdifiHa&ygwDrsm;ESifhqufoG,faqmif&Guf&ef qHk;jzwfjcif;


29/74

Rights guaranteed by C.87

Right of an organization not be dissolved or suspended byadministrative authority

i.e. a trade union may be dissolved e.g. if it has completely


,

fraudulous operations, but dissolution must result from thedecision of an independent judicial authority after a due processof law; if it results from the decision of e.g. the Registrar, thenthe decision should not take effect before appeal procedureshave been exhausted


30/74

C.87 jzifh tmrcHxm;aom tcGifhta&rsm;

tkyfcsKyfa&trm%mydkifrsm;. zsufodrf;jcif;odk@r[kwf qkdif;iHhxm;jcif; rcH&cGifh

Oyrm- tvkyform;or*~wpfckonf 4if;. OD;wnfcsufvkyfief;udk vHk;vHk;taumiftxnf azmfjcif;r&Sdawmhv#if odk@r[kwf tjcm;vdrfvnfvSnhfzsm;aom vkyfief;wpfckudk aemufuG,f wGif

f d f f f d f f H d f f d f d f d f f f


k k k k@ k@ _

oD;jcm;vGwfvyfaom w&m;pD&ifa& tm%mydkiftzGJ@wpfckrS qHk;jzwfcsuf t&omv#if jzpf&rnf/tu,fI qHk;jzwfcsufonf Oyrm- rSwfyHkwift&m&SdxH rSjzpfv#if t,lcHjzpfpOf r+yD;qHk;oa&$@oufa&mufr_ r&Sdoifhao;yg?


31/74

Rights covered

Solidarity : Right to establish or join federations & confederations of

organizations under the same guarantees as for establishing first-levelorganizations, including


g o rece ve ass s ance

Right to maintain contact and exchange trade union publications

Sending and receiving representatives


32/74

oufqdkfifaom tcGifhta&rsm;oufqdkfifaom tcGifhta&rsm;oufqdkfifaom tcGifhta&rsm;oufqdkfifaom tcGifhta&rsm; aoG;pnf;nDnGwfa&

tultnDrsm;&,lydkifcGifh

tquftoG,f,lcGifhESifh or*~pmapmifrsm; vJvS,fcGifh

udk,fpm;vS,frsm; ay;ydk@cGifhESifh vufcHcGifh


ponfh tcGifhta&rsm; tygt0if yxrtqifh tzGJ@tpnf;rsm; xlaxmifjcif;ESifh pyfvsOf;aomtvm;wl tmrcHcsufrsm;t& tzGJ@csKyfrsm;xlaxmifydkifcGifh odk@r[kwf 0ifa&mufydkifcGifh


33/74

Rights guarnateed by C.87

respect for the law of the land

i,e. trade union rights and civil liberties are no license to commitviolence or destruction

Law of the land must not impair the Convention's guarantees


e.g. in case of violence, arrest the perpetrator for specific acts, notthe union leader


34/74


EkdifiHawmf. Oya'udk av;pm;jcif;

Oyrm- tvkyform;or*~ tcGifhta&rsm;ESifh vlr_vGwfvyfcGifhrsm;onf t=urf;zufr_rsm;ESifhzsufqD;r_rsm; usL;vGef&ef vdkifpifrsm; r[kwfyg?

d f H f f D f H f d f D


Ekiiawm Oya'on oabmwlncsu tmrccsuuk rysuq;ap&y

Oyrm- t=ur;fzufr_jzpfyGm;v#if oufqdkif&m usL;vGefoludk ol. usL;vGefonhf udpPtwGuf zrf;qD;ygor*~acgif;aqmifukd rzrf;qD;ygESifh


35/74

Civil liberties

1970 Resolution: absence of civil liberties removes meaning from tradeunion right

Right to security of person and freedom from arbitrary arrest


Freedom of opinion and expression

Freedom of assembly

Right to a fair trial by impartial judiciary

Right to protection of property of trade union organizations


36/74

jynfolwkd@. vGwfvyfcGifhrsm;jynfolwkd@. vGwfvyfcGifhrsm;jynfolwkd@. vGwfvyfcGifhrsm;jynfolwkd@. vGwfvyfcGifhrsm;

1970ck qHk;jzwfcsufjynfol@tcGifhta&rsm; r&Sdjcif;onf tvkyform;or*~rsm;. tcGifhta&rsm;ukd

t"dy,fuif;rJhaponf/

vlyk*~dKvfwOD;csif;. vHkjcHKa&qdkif&m tcGifhta&rsm;ESifh Oya'rJh zrf;qD;jcif;rS uif;vGwfcGifh

f f f f f f f


vGwvypGmawG;ac ci;ESih oabmxm;azmxkwcGih

vGwfvyfpGm pka0;cGifh

bufrvkdufaom w&m;pD&ifa&. r#waomw&m;pD&ifcH&cGifh

tvkyform;or*~rsm;. ydkifqdkifr_rsm;tm; tumtuG,f&,lcGifh


37/74

Right to security of person

The killing, disappearance or serious injury of trade union leaders andtrade unionists requires

the institution of independent judicial inquiries


in order to shed full light, at the earliest date, on the facts andthe circumstances in which such actions occurred and to the extent

possible, determine

where responsibilities lie

punish the guilty parties and

prevent the repetition of similar events


38/74

vlyk*~dKvf wOD;csif;. vHkjcHKa&qdkif&m tcGifhta&rsm;vlyk*~dKvf wOD;csif;. vHkjcHKa&qdkif&m tcGifhta&rsm;vlyk*~dKvf wOD;csif;. vHkjcHKa&qdkif&m tcGifhta&rsm;vlyk*~dKvf wOD;csif;. vHkjcHKa&qdkif&m tcGifhta&rsm;

or*~acgif;aqmifESifh or*~ta&v_yf&Sm;olrsm; towfcH&jcif;/ aysmufqHk;jcif; odk@r[kwftjyif;txef xdcdkufemusif;jcif;wdk@twGuf ---

vGwfvyfaom w&m;Oya'a&&m pHkprf;ppfaq;r_

Ttjzpftysufrsm; jzpfysufonfh tajctaeESifh tcsuftvufrsm;udk apmEkdifor# apmapmod&SdazmfxkwfEkdif&ef


rnfolu wm0ef&Sdonfudk azmfxkwfjcif;

tjypf&Sdolukd tjypfay;jcif;

tvm;wljzpf&yfrsm; jzpfyGm;jcif;rS umuG,fjcif; ponfwkd@vdktyfonf


39/74

Right to security of person

Impunity reinforces the climate of violence and insecurity andthus has an extremely damaging effect on the exercise of trade

union rights



40/74

vlyk*~dKvf wOD;csif;. vHkjcHKa&qdkif&m tcGifhta&rsm; t=urf;bufr_ESifh vHkjcHKr_r&Sdjcif;qdkif&m wkd@onfor*~tcGifhta&rsm;tm; usifhoHk;a&udktvGeftrif; ysufqD;xdcdkufaponfhtwGuf

tjypfay;jcif;rS uif;vGwfcGifhonf txufygtcsufwdk@. oufa&mufjcif;rSumuG,f&efydkrdktm;aumif;aponf?



41/74

Right to Strike in international law

Guaranteed in Art. 8 of the UN International Covenant on Economic,Social & Cultural Rights

Referred to the ILO Abolition of forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No.


; o un ary onc a on an r ra on ecommen a on .

Not explicitly mentioned in the Freedom of association and Protectionof the Right to Organize Convention, 1948 (No.87) , but considered

implicit in the tight to organize activities, and in the right to further anddefend interests


42/74

EdkifiHwum Oya't&oydwfarSmufcGifhEdkifiHwum Oya't&oydwfarSmufcGifhEdkifiHwum Oya't&oydwfarSmufcGifhEdkifiHwum Oya't&oydwfarSmufcGifh

ukvor*~. pD;yGm;a& vlr_a&ESifh ,Ofaus;r_qkdfi&m tcGifhta&rsm;qdkif&m jyXmef;csuf tydk'f(8)t& tmrcHxm;+yD;jzpf

t"rRvkyftm;ay;ckdif;apjcif;qkdif&m jyXmef;csuf 1957/ trSwf-1051 &Sd rdrdoabmqEN t&nSdE_dif;oabmwla=uat;jcif; qdkif&m t=uHjyKcsuf (trSwf-92)


vGwfvyfpGm toif;tyif;zGJ@pnf;cGifhESifh pnf;&kH;cGifhtm; tumtuG,fay;jcif;jyXmef;csuf 1948/trSwf-87 Yxif&Sm;pGm azmfjyxm;jcif;r&Sdaomfvnf; vkyfief;rsm;pnf;&kH;vkyfaqmifcGifh ESifh tusKd;pD;yGm;xyfrHcsJ@xGifcGifh wkd@wGif tusKH;0ifonf[k ,lqEkdifonf?


43/74

Function of the Right to Strike

Fundamental workers right, meant to enable workers to bring pressure tobear on employers, not to destroy productive assets

Marker principle: temporarily withholding labour is the only negotiation toolwhich workers have


collective bargaining Right to strike = collective begging

structuring collective bargaining is in the M/L term a more effective wayto deal with strikes over interest disputes than the present regulation


44/74

oydwfarSmufcGifh qdkif&mvkyfief;rsm;

ukefxkwfvkyfr_ pGr;ftm;udk zsufqD;&ef r[kwfyJ tvkyf&Sifrsm; tay: Yzdtm;ay;&ef

tvkyform;rsm;tm; ay;tyfxm;aom tajccHtcGifhta&

aps;uGuf oabmw&m;- vkyftm;udk ,m,Dxdef;odrf;xm;jcif;onf omv#if tvkyform;rsm;ydifqdifo hf wcw f;aom dEdif;a ;vuf ufwpfczpfo f


pkaygif;nSdE_dif;ta&qdkjcif;- oydwfarSmufcGifh = pkaygif;awmif;qdkjcif;

pkaygif;nSdE_dif;ta&qdkjcif;udk yHkazmfjcif;onf ,ckvuf&Sd pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;xuftusKd;pD;yGm;rsm;tay: tjiif;yGm;I oydwfarSmufjcif;jzifh a&wkd/ a&&Snf twGuf ydkI xda&mufaom

enf;vr;fjzpfonf?



45/74


Pressure valve in situations where market dynamics betweenemployers and workers are emerging and law enforcement and disputesettlement machinery do not yet function perfectly

role of courts which is to enforce the law is also to be limited

role for a mechanism to legitimize strikes and resolve disputes(e.g.OSH), rather than pushing disputes into illegality


> - regulation of strike actionshould be limited to the fringes, situations where the public interest is at stakebeyond reasonable doubt

No absolute right, i.e. subject to conditions

oydwfarmufcif qdif&mvyfief;rsm;


46/74

oywarSmucGih qki&mvkyie;rsm;

tvkyf&Sifrsm;ESifh tvkyform;rsm;=um;&Sd nSdE_dif;r_tajctaet&vnf;aumif;/ tiftm;pkrsm;ESifhtjiif;yGm;r_ ajz&Sif;a&,E W&m;u xdxda&mufa&muf ta&,laqmif&Gufjcif; r&Sdv#if vnf;aumif;/zdtm;ay;r_udk twkd;tav#mhvkyfEdkifonf?

Oya'udk ouf0ifaprnhf w&m;&kH;rsm;. tcef;u uef@owfcsuf&Sdjcif;

tjiif;yGm;r_udk w&m;r0ifr_rsm;jzifh tjypfay;jcif;xuf oydwfarSmufjcif;udk w&m;0iftodtrSwfjyK+yD; tjiif;yGm;r_udk ajz&Sif;ay;aom ,E W&m;w&yftwGufvdktyfaom tcef;u


>

trsm;jynfoltusKd;pD;yGm;onf owdxm;rdEkdifavmufatmif tE W&m,f&SdvmEkdifonhf

taetxm;odk@ a&muf&Sdvmv#if oydwfarSmufjcif;tm;xdef;odrf;xm;Ekdifaom pnf;rsOf;

tvHk;pHk tjynhft0&Sdaom tcGifhta&[lonf r&Sd/ tajctaeay: r_wnfonf?


47/74

Substantive Restrictions

a general prohibition is only acceptable

When normal functioning of society has ceased

for a limit period

to the extend necessary to meet the requirement of the situation


A sectoral prohibition is acceptable

for public servants exercizing authority in the name of the State

essential services, provided there are compensatory guarantees


48/74

t"duusaom twm;tqD;rsm;t"duusaom twm;tqD;rsm;t"duusaom twm;tqD;rsm;t"duusaom twm;tqD;rsm;

atmufygwkd@twGufom a,bl,suef@owfcsufonf vufcHEkdifzG,f&Sdonf?

omreftajctaetwkdif; vnfywfaqmif&Gufr_rsm;&yfqdkif;aev#if

owfrSwfxm;aom umv tydkif;tjcm;wcktwGuf

tajctaet& vdktyfI twkdif;twm wcktxd aqmif&Gufjcif;


utvdkuf uef@owfcsufonf vufcHEkdifzG,f&Sdonf?

EdkifiHawmf. wm0efay;csuft& tpdk;&0efxrf;rsm;u vkyfydkifcGifhudk toHk;jyK&jcif;

jyefvnftpm;xdk;ay;avsmfEkdifaom tmrcHcsuf&Sdonhf r&Sdrjzpfta&ygaom

0efaqmifr_vkyfief;rsm;


49/74

Procedural Restrictions

Legal procedural restrictions are acceptable, if they do not place asubstantial limitation on the right to strike

obligation of prior notice to employers =OK

prior exhaustion of voluntary mediation and arbitration= OK, if not toolong


obligation of secret ballot to validate strike decision =OK

obligation of quorum=OK, if

The quorum is not too high

taking into account the size of the undertakings


50/74

vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;qdkif&m wm;jrpfcsufrsm;vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;qdkif&m wm;jrpfcsufrsm;vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;qdkif&m wm;jrpfcsufrsm;vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;qdkif&m wm;jrpfcsufrsm;

oydwfarSmufcGifhtay: tvGeftrif; uef@owfr_r&Sdv#if Oya'a=umif;t& vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;qkdif&mwm;jrpfcsufonf vufcHEdkifzG,f&Sdonf?

tvkyf&Siftay: }udKwifowday;&ef wm0ef&Sdjcif; =OK

rdrdoabmjzifh =um;0ifaphpyfI a=uat;ap&ef }udK;pm;jcif; =OK

tc d fumum r,vif


oydwfarSmuf&ef qHk;jzwfcsuftm; twnfjyK&ef v#dK@0SufrJjzifh qENjyKjcif; =OK

oabmwlnDr_twkdif;twm owfrSwfxm;jcif; =OK

(tu,fI twkdif;twmonf odyfrjrihfrm;vGef;v#if wm0ef,laqmif&Guf&rnfhyrm%udkxnfhoGif;pOf;pm;xm;v#if)

Essential services


51/74

Essential services

= service which, if interrupted, endanger the life, personal safety/health of whole or part of the population

Essential Service Not Essential Service

Telephone service Petroleum refinery


Air traffic controllers

Hospital workers

Public utilities

( water, gas, electricity)

Banking

Transport

Radio and television

broadcasting

r&Sdrjzpfaom 0efaqmifr_vkyfief;rsm;r&Sdrjzpfaom 0efaqmifr_vkyfief;rsm;r&Sdrjzpfaom 0efaqmifr_vkyfief;rsm;r&Sdrjzpfaom 0efaqmifr_vkyfief;rsm;


52/74

&S j e _ k e s&S j e _ k e s&S j e _ k e s&S j e _ k e s

tu,fI taESmuft,Sufay;cH&ygu vl@touf/ yk*~dKvfa&vHkjcHKr_/ vltrsm;pk (odk@) wpdwfwydkif;. usef;rma&udk xdcdkuftE W&m,fjyKEkdifaom 0efaqmifr_vkyfief;rsm;

r&Sdrjzpfaom0efaqmifr_vkyfief;rsm; r&Sdrjzpfr[kwfaom 0efaqmifr_vkyfief;rsm;

w,fvDz f; 0 faqmifr a H o fpifa ;


ava=umif; xdef;odrf;a& aq;&kH0efxrf;rsm;

jynfol@0efaqmifr_vkyfief;rsm;

(a&/ "mwfaiG@/ v#yfppf)

@

b%fvkyfief; o,f,lydk@aqmifa&

a&'D,dk w,fvDaA;&Sif;

Essential services


53/74

Essential services

Compensatory guarantees required in the event of restriction of the right tostrike

conciliation and mediation procedures

impartial


arbitration awards

binding on both parties

implemented rapidly and complete


54/74

r&Sdrjzpfaom 0efaqmifr_vkyfief;rsm;r&Sdrjzpfaom 0efaqmifr_vkyfief;rsm;r&Sdrjzpfaom 0efaqmifr_vkyfief;rsm;r&Sdrjzpfaom 0efaqmifr_vkyfief;rsm;

oydwfarSmufcGifhtm; csKyfcGifh xdef;odrf;&mwGif vdktyfaom jyefvnftpm;xdk;ay;avsmfr_

tmrcHcsufrsm;

jyefvnfaphpyfnSdE_dif;jcif; vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm; bufrvdkufjcif

f


auat;r_qkvm'rsm;

ESpfbufpvHk;odk@ oufa&mufr_&Sdjcif;

tvsiftjrefESifh jynhfpHkpGm taumiftxnfazmfjcif;


55/74

Body of principles on the right to strike

conciliation of the right to strike as a fundamental right to be enjoyed byworkers and their organizations (trade unions, federations &confederations), which is protected at international level, provided that theright is exercised in a peaceful manner.



56/74

oydwfarSmufcGifh qdkif&m oabmw&m;rsm;oydwfarSmufcGifh qdkif&m oabmw&m;rsm;oydwfarSmufcGifh qdkif&m oabmw&m;rsm;oydwfarSmufcGifh qdkif&m oabmw&m;rsm;

+idrf;csrf;aom enf;vrf;jzifh usifhoHk;v#if oydwfarSmufcGifhtm; tvkyform;rsm;ESifh 4if;wdk@.

tzGJ@tpnf;rsm; ( tvkyform;or*~rsm;/ tzGJ@csKyfrsm;) cHpm;&&SdEkdifonhftajccH tcGifhta&w&yftaejzifh oabmxm;I EkdifiHwum tqifhwGif umuG,fr_ay;xm;onf



57/74

General recognition of the right to strike for workers in the public andthe private sectors, with the sole possible exceptions being membersof the armed and police forces, public servants who exercise authorityin the name of the State and workers employed in essential services inthe strict sense of the term ( the interruption of which could endangerthe life, safety or health of the whole or part of the population), or onsituations of acute national crisis.



58/74

vufeufudkif tiftm;pk/ &JwyfzGJ@0ifrsm;/ EkdifiHawmf. tm%mudk toHk;jyKae&aom

tpdk;&0efxrf;rsm;/ owfrSwfxm;aom r&Sdrjzpf0efaqmifr_vkyfief;rsm;( vl@touf/ vHkjcHKr_ESifh vlwpfpkodk@r[kwf vltrsm;. usef;rma&udk xdcdkuftE W&m,fjzpfapEkdifaom tvkyform;rsm;)Ywm0ef,lae&aom tvkyform;rsm; odk@r[kwf ta&}uD;aom trsKd;om;a&t=uyftwnf;


umvrsm;/ ponhf jzpfEdkifacs&Sdaom jcGif;csufrsm;rS tytpdk;&ESihf yk*~vdu u&Sdtvkyform;rsm;twGuf oydwfarSmufcGifhudk a,bl,s todtrSwfjyKjcif;


59/74

The principles of freedom of association do not cover strikes of apurely political nature, although they do cover those which seek asolution to major issues in economic and social policy

A blanket ban on sympathy strikes could lead to abuse. Workersshould be able to enjoy the right to take such action when the initial strikethey are supporting is itself lawful.



60/74

oydwfarSmufr_rsm;onf pD;yGm;a&ESifh vlr_a&rl0g'rsm;qkdif&m t"duusaom jy\emrsm;udkajz&Sif;&ef }udK;pm;aomfvnf; EkdifiHa&obm0oufoufjzifh oydwfarSmuf jcif;onf vGwfvyfpGmtoif;tyif;zGJ@pnf;cGifh qdkif&m oabmw&m;ESifh roufqkdifyg?

tm;ay;axmufcH&ef twGuf oydwfarSmufjcif;onf tvGJoHk;pm;jyKjcif;jzpfoGm; Ekdifonf/d f d f f f d f d f H D d f f f


k@ h S k k@ S _

w&m;0if&ef vdktyfygonf


61/74

A minimum safety service may be imposed in all cases ofstrike action when such minimum services are intended toensure the safety of persons, the prevention of accidents



62/74

vlyk*~dKvfrsm;. vHkjcHKr_/ rawmfwqr_rsm;rS umuG,fay;jcif;ESifh pufypPnf;

ud&d,mrsm;.vHkjcHKr_udk tmrcH&ef&nf&G,faom tedrfhqHk;tqifh 0efaqmifr_vkyfief;rsm;onf oydwfarSmufjcif; tm;vHk;Y r&Sdrjzpf&Sdoifhonf



63/74

A minimum operational service may be established (in theundertaking or institution in question) in the case of strikes in

public utility services and in public services of fundamentalimportance; employers and workers organizations and thepublish authorities should be able to participate in determining


this minimum service


64/74

trsm;jynfol toHk;taqmifqdkif&m 0efaqmifr_vkyfief;rsm;ESifh tajccHusI

ta&}uD;aom trsm;jynfol0efaqmifr_rsm;ESifh ywfowfaom oydwfarSmufr_ rsm;wGif(oydwfarSmufumvtwGif; odk@r[kwf jy\emjzpfaomXmetwGif;)tedrfhqHk;tvkyfjzpfEkdif&kH 0efaqmifr_aqmuf&Gufay;&ef vdkaumif; vkdygvdrfhrnf?


tvky&Sirsm;/ tvkyorm;tzGJ@tpn;rsm;ESih tpk;&tm%mykirsm;u terhqHk;0efaqmifr_udkowfrSwf&mwGif yg0ifoifhonf?


65/74


66/74

}udKwifowday;jcif;ESifh aphpyfaqG;aEG;jcif;Y rdrdqENjzifh ausat;Ekdifonhfenf;vrf;&Sdaeonf? oydwfarSmufjcif;udk tcuftcJ rawG@apvdkv#if okd@r[kwfvufawG@aqmif&Guf&ef rjzpfEkdifv#if tedrfhqHk;oabmwl&rnfhvlOD;a& yrm%owfrSwfI xkdowfrSwfcsufjzifh vdkufavsmoabmwlEkdifonf ?v#Kd@0Suf rJpepfjzifh


oywarSmuci;vkyie;rsm; qHk; zwci;onvn; oywarSmucGih usihoHk;&mYvufcHEkdifonf?


67/74

Restrictions on picketing should be confined to case in whichsuch action ceases to be peaceful, and picketing should not

interfere with the freedom to work of non- strikers.

Requisitioning of the workers of an undertaking or institution


an essential service or under circumstances of utmost gravityand in situations of acute national crisis.


68/74

qENjyjcif;tm; uef@owfr_rsm;onf xdkvkyfief;rsm;tm; +idr;fcsrf;pGm raqmif&GufEdkifonhf tajctaewGif usifhoHk;oihfonf? qENjyr_rms;onf oydwfarSmuf &mYryg0ifolrsm;. vkyfief;tm;taESmufr,Suf rjzpfap&/

oydwfarSmufaecsdefY tvkyform;rsm;tm; wpHkw&mjyKvkyf&ef awmif;qdkjcif;onfr&Sdrjzpf 0efaqmifr_vkyfief;rsm;Y oydwfarSmuf&mY vnf;aumif;tjrifhqHk;


tifjznfh tm;jznfh aqmif&Guf&rnfh tajctaersKd;Y vnf;aumif;/ wrsKd;om;vHk;qdkif&m t=uyftwnf;jzpfay:aeonfh tajctaersKd;Y vnf;aumif;cGifhjyKEdkifygonf?


69/74

The hiring of workers to replace strikers seriously impairsthe right to strike and is acceptable only in strikes in an

essential service or in situations of acute national crisis

Legal provisions regarding wage deductions for days of



70/74

oydwfarSmufolrsm;tm; tpm;xdk;&ef tvkyform;rsm;tm; iSm;&rf;jcif;onfoydwfarSmufcGifhudk tjyif;txefxdcdkufapEkdifygonf? r&Sdrjzpfvdktyfaom 0efaqmifr_rsm;odk@r[kwf trsKd;om;a& t=uyftwnf;umvrsm;Yom vufcHEdkifonf?

oydwfarmufumvtwuf vyftm;cavmc cif; if ywfowf ya't y m f;


S G k h S h

xm;jcif;udk uef@uGuf&ef r&Sdyg?


71/74

Appropriate protection should be afforded to trade unionofficials and workers against dismissal and other detrimental acts

at work for organization or participating in a legitimate strike, inparticular through prompt, efficient and impartial procedures,accompanied by sufficiently dissuasive remedies and sanctions.



72/74

w&m;enf;vrf;uspGm oydwfarSmuf&mY pnf;vHk;aqmf=ojcif;/ (odk@)yg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;twGuf or*~acgif;aqmifrsm;/ tvkyform;rsm;tm; tvkyfjzKwf jcif;ESifhtvkyfcGifYtE W&m,fjzpfap&ef taESmuft,Sufay;jcif;rsm;twGuftxl; ojzifhtvsiftjrefxdxda&mufa&muf bufrvdkufaom vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;jzifh vnf;aumif;


tm&kHa ymi; ukpm;r_rsm;ESih ywqk@ta&,lr_rsm; zih vn; aumi;oihawmaom

tumtuG,fay;r_rsm; &Sdoifhonf?


73/74

The Protection of freedom of association does not cover abuses in theexercise of the right to strike involving failure to comply with reasonablerequirement regarding lawfulness, or consisting of acts of a criminal nature;

any sanctions imposed in the event of abuse should not be disproportionate tothe seriousness of the violation



74/74

vGwfvyfpGm toif;tyif;zGJ@pnf;cGifhonf Oya't& t"dyg,f&Sdonfh vkdtyfcsufrsm;ESifh rudkufnDaom odk@r[kwf &mZ0wfr_ ajrmufonhf vkyf&yfrsm; yg0ifaomoydwfarSmufcGifhtm; tvGJoHk;pm;jyK&ma&mufonhfusifhoHk;r_rsK;drsm; tusKH;r0ifyg? Todk@tvGJoHk;pm;jyKjcif;tay: [ef@wm;ta&,l&mwGifvnf; usL;vGefonhf tr_.


av;eur_ESih tcsK;tpm; rukunci;rsK;rzpoihy ?

2012 mar 27 freedom of association and protection of the right to organize convention, 1948...

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