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PACON 2012   

International Partnerships in Marine Science and Technology: A Vehicle for Improving Pacific Rim Relations and Resource Management

 

 

PROGRAM & ABSTRACTS TABLE OF CONTENTS

  

 Message from General Chair (USA)…..........................................................................................................4  

PACON International Mission Statement and Principal Goals…..................................................................5  

D

aily Schedule of Events.…………………………………………………………………..............................6

PACON International Board of Directors……...............................................................................................8 T

echnical Program ........................................................................................................................................19

P

oster Session................................................................................................................................................30

PACON 2012 Session Co-Chairs...…………...............................................................................................31 PACON Schedule by Session……..………….............................................................................................35  

Abstracts (alphabetical by author) ................................................................................................................36  

PACON 2012 Sponsors and Mahalo ….......................................................................................................80

3

MESSAGE FROM THE GENERAL CHAIR  

  

Aloha mai kākou (Welcome to All)! It is my honor to serve as the General Chair for PACON 2012 and on behalf of PACON International welcome you all to the twenty-third international conference of the Pacific Congress on Marine Science and Technology (PACON). For those of you who are visitors to Hawai`i, I hope that by the time you depart you will have gained an appreciation for the very unique environment and culture of the Big Island of Hawai`i.  The overarching theme of PACON 2012 is international partnerships in marine science and technology as vehicles for improving Pacific Rim relations and resource management. In the spirit of the conference theme, PACON 2012 has a number of Sessions that have been jointly organized by colleagues from around the Pacific Rim.  The Pacific region harbors some of the greatest natural risks from volcanism, earthquakes and tsunamis in the world. In addition, key coastal areas and Pacific islands are at risk from sea level rise resulting from global warming. The intense commerce and rapid development in the region, in the face of unprecedented environmental threats, demand innovative and trans-disciplinary partnership approaches to address these challenges. PACON 2012 will serve as an effective mechanism for information exchange among diverse groups from government, industry, and academia.  There are a number of successful international marine science partnerships and specific models that may be considered for implementation in other regions of the world. Often, such partnerships developed between nations are built upon a long history of close ties and cooperative relationships. However, marine science partnerships have been demonstrated to not only support the conduct of excellence in cooperative research, but also to serve as vehicles for improving relationships between nations. PACON 2012 will also highlight the value of Pacific Islands approaches for long-term sustainable use of marine resources that blend historical culture uses with conservation and ecosystem management.  PACON 2012 will include presentations and posters on aspects of marine science, technology, resource management, engineering, policy-making and education that address some facet of ongoing or proposed international partnerships within or impacting the Pacific Rim. Specific highlighted session topics will range from climate change to “Sato-umi”, seaport engineering to coral reef ecology, marine fisheries management to sustainable energy production, and local community outreach to development of national and international policies related to the Pacific Ocean.  Please embrace the Hawaiian “Aloha Spirit” and the PACON 2012 theme of international marine science partnership to renew and develop new friendships and professional collaborations to promote joint efforts for addressing the significant challenges faced through the Pacific Rim. Malama pono and Mahalo nui loa!

 

  

Dr. Michael P. Crosby Senior Vice President Mote Marine Laboratory Sarasota, Florida USA

 

4

PACON INTERNATIONAL MISSION STATEMENT  

PACON International is dedicated to sharing scientific and technical information on the world’s oceans in order to advance marine science and technology and its utilization in ocean policy formation, and the sustainable development of the world’s oceans and coastal regions through education and public programs in the Pacific region.   PRINCIPAL GOALS

• To strengthen the global exchange of information and collaborative research linkages with the Pacific nation’s programs in marine environment

• To provide information freely to all participating nations • To promote the environmentally-sound utilization and sustainable development of the ocean’s resources • To emphasize through education and public programs, the need for sound ocean policies • To advance the various disciplines involved in marine science and technology

   

LOCAL SUPPORT COMMITTEE • Ms. Judith Fox-Goldstein, Administrative Director, University of Hawai`i at Hilo Conference Center • Ms. Elizabeth Glover, Administrative Assistant, International Center for Climate and Society (ICCS) • Ms. Alberta Mehau-Matsu, Registration Coordinator, University of Hawai`i at Hilo Conference Center • Ms. Mary Ann Tsuchiyama, Assistant Director, University of Hawai`i at Hilo Conference Center • Ms. Sharay Uemura, Program Coordinator, University of Hawai`i at Hilo Conference Center • Ms. Jules Ung, IT Manager, University of Hawai`i at Hilo Conference Center • Ms. Lisa Zolnier, Executive Assistant, Office of Research, Mote Marine Laboratory

5

 

PACON 2012

DAILY SCHEDULE OF EVENTS

*All events will be held in the Kaleiopapa Convention Center at the Sheraton Kona Resort & Spa at Keauhou Bay

Sunday, December, 9, 2012

3:00 – 6:00pm Registration Kaleiopapa Foyer

3:00 – 6:00pm Speaker Presentation Review KCC Planning

Room

3:00 – 6:00pm Poster & Exhibiter Setup Kaleiopapa II

3:00 – 6:00pm Board Meeting Mauna Kea Ballroom

6:00 – 8:30pm Opening Reception Bayview Grounds

Monday, December 10, 2012

7:30 – 8:00am Registration & Information Kaleiopapa II / Foyer

8:00 – 8:15am Welcoming Remarks and Opening Ceremony – Dr. Michael P. Crosby Kaleiopapa I

8:15 – 9:30am Session 1: General Research/Monitoring &

Education/Outreach

Kaleiopapa I

9:30 – 10:00am AM Beverages Kaleiopapa II / Foyer

10:00 – 12:00pm Session 2: Sustainable Use and Conservation of Marine Resources

through Sato-Umi and Integrated Local Environmental Knowledge

Kaleiopapa I

12:00 – 1:00pm Buffet Lunch Kaleiopapa II / Foyer

1:00 – 3:00pm Session 3: Sustainable Use and Conservation of Marine Resources through Sato-Umi and Integrated Local Environmental Knowledge

Kaleiopapa I

3:00 – 3:30pm PM Refreshments Kaleiopapa II / Foyer

3:30 – 5:30pm Session 4: Effects of Ocean Acidification Kaleiopapa I

5:00 – 6:00pm Transition / Free Time

6:00 – 8:00pm Poster Reception & Exhibits (Non-Host Bar) Kaleiopapa II

6

 

Tuesday, December 11, 2012

7:30 – 8:30am Registration & Information Kaleiopapa II / Foyer

8:00 – 9:30am Session 5: Engineering and Technology Development Kaleiopapa I

9:30 – 10:00am AM Beverages Kaleiopapa II / Foyer

10:00 – 12:00pm Concurrent Session 6A: Engineering and Technology Development Kaleiopapa I

10:00 – 12:00pm Concurrent Session 6B: Marine Fisheries Enhancement –

Artificial Reef-Based Fisheries Enhancement

Keauhou Boardroom

12:00 – 1:00pm Buffet Lunch Kaleiopapa II / Foyer

1:00 – 3:00pm Concurrent Session 7A: New Directions of Sustainability: New Technology and Financial Innovation and Policy

Kaleiopapa I

1:00 – 3:00pm Concurrent Session 7B: Marine Fisheries Enhancement –

Aquaculture-Based Fisheries Enhancement

Keauhou Boardroom

3:00 – 3:30pm PM Refreshments Kaleiopapa II / Foyer

3:30 – 5:30pm Concurrent Session 8A: New Directions of Sustainability: New Technology and Financial Innovation and Policy

Kaleiopapa I

3:30 – 5:30pm Concurrent Session 8B: Marine Fisheries Enhancement –

Aquaculture-Based Fisheries Enhancement

Keauhou Boardroom

5:00 – 6:00pm Transition / Free Time

6:00 – 8:00pm Dinner on your Own

Wednesday, December 12, 2012

7:30 – 8:30am Registration & Information Kaleiopapa II / Foyer

8:30 – 9:30am Session 9: Tsunami Disaster Kaleiopapa I

9:30 – 10:00am AM Beverages Kaleiopapa II / Foyer

10:00 – 12:00pm Session 10: Tsunami Disaster Kaleiopapa I

12:00 – 1:00pm Buffet Lunch Kaleiopapa II / Foyer

12:00 – 1:00pm Poster Take-Down *Deadline 1:15pm Kaleiopapa II

1:00 – 3:00pm Session 11: Progress and Challenges of Marine Renewable Energy Kaleiopapa I

3:00 – 6:00pm Transition / Free Time

6:00 – 8:00pm Closing Plenary/Dinner

(No – Host Bar)

Hawaii Lawn

(Backup Location in Kaleiopapa I)

 

7

PACON 2012 Board of Directors  

Dr. Michael P. Crosby, President, PACON B.S., M.S., Old Dominion University; Ph.D., University of

Maryland  

  

Dr. Crosby has over 30 years of diverse research, teaching, science management and leadership endeavors. He has gained experience and expertise in developing, managing and conducting multi- disciplinary research and overseeing programs through his interactions, involvement and partnerships with numerous universities, national and international science and resource management agencies, programs and committees. Many of these endeavors focused on improving the “synthesis, translation and transfer” of science and technical information between research, public policy and stakeholder communities. During a great deal of his career, he played an active role in directly leading national and international multi-disciplinary research programs, as well as developing national policy and administrative aspects for our country’s science programs.

 In May 2010, Dr. Crosby was appointed as the Senior Vice President of Mote Marine Laboratory, an independent research institution that has been a leader in marine research for nearly 60 years. He came to this position following appointments as Associate Vice President for Research and Economic Development at George Mason University, and Vice Chancellor for Research at the University of Hawai’i - Hilo. Prior to those appointments, he served in a federal Senior Executive Service position as Executive Director of the National Science Board. He came to the Board from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) where he served as Senior Advisor for International Science Policy in the Under Secretary’s Office of International Affairs at NOAA. His previous positions in NOAA have been: Executive Director for the NOAA Science Advisory Board; National Research Coordinator for Ocean and Coastal Resource Management; and Chief Scientist for Sanctuaries and Reserves. Dr. Crosby also completed a special detail from NOAA to the US Agency for International Development, where he served for two years as the Senior Science Advisor for Marine and Coastal Ecosystems. Prior to joining NOAA, he held numerous faculty positions with the Baruch Institute for Marine Biology and Coastal Research at the University of South Carolina, the Department of Marine Science at Coastal Carolina University, the Graduate Program at the University of Charleston, Salisbury State University and is currently Adjunct Professor of Marine Science at UH Hilo. He has also had previous science positions with the National Marine Fisheries Service, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and National Cancer Institute-NIH.

 He obtained an MS in Biology, with honors, from Old Dominion University and a PhD in Marine-Estuarine- Environmental Sciences at the University of Maryland. He has developed successful research grants of over $25M from NSF, NOAA, EPA, DOD, USAID, and others. Dr. Crosby has led major national and international, multi-discipline, multi-year research projects, such as a US Man and the Biosphere Program project entitled "Ecological and socio- economic impacts of alternative access management strategies in marine and coastal protected areas"; the US, Israeli and Jordanian joint partnership project entitled “The Red Sea Marine Peace Park Cooperative Research, Monitoring and Management Program”; and the Hawai‘i State EPSCoR project entitled “Pacific High Island Evolutionary Biogeography: Impacts of Invasive Species, Anthropogenic Activity and Climate Change on Hawaiian Focal Species”. He is a member of the Natural Areas Association, Coastal Society, National Shellfisheries Association, Estuarine Research Federation, American Association for the Advancement of Science and is a Fellow of the Royal Linnean Society of London. He is also on the Board of Governors and past Chairman for the US-Israeli Binational Science Foundation, as well currently on the Board of Directors and President for the Pacific Congress on Marine Science and Technology, and President for Sigma Xi-The Scientific Research Society.

 Dr. Crosby serves as a reviewer and panelist for numerous scientific journals and national and international science panels and advisory committees. He has published over 40 articles in Marine Ecology Progress Series, Journal of Shellfish Research, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, Marine Biology, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Limnology and Oceanography, Ocean and Coastal Management, Natural Areas Journal, Coral Reefs, Oceanography, Aquatic Conservation, various Technical Memoranda Series, and has edited several books and manuals dealing with marine protected areas and coral reefs. In 2009, he also co-Chaired the development of a Hawai’i Statewide Science and Technology Strategic Plan that had been formally requested by the Hawai’i State Legislature.

8

John A. H. Benzie has been a Board member of PACON since 2001 and served on several PACON subcommittees over time. He is currently with the University College Cork, Cork, Ireland at the Environmental Research Institute. Previously, he was the Chief Scientist for Moana Technologies, a Trustee of the non-profit foundation Ocean Genome Legacy, with research interests in biotechnology and on the application of genetics to ecological problems, natural resource management and aquaculture. He has extensive research experience in Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia and the Pacific Islands with over 140 publications produced as a senior researcher at the Australian Institute of Marine Science 1986-2000, the Australian CRC for Aquaculture 1993-2000, and as Professor and Director of the Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies at the University of New South Wales, Sydney 2000-2003.

Contact Information: Dr. John Benzie University College Cork (UCC) Environmental Research Institute Cork, Ireland Phone: +353-21-420-5285 Email: J.Benzie@ucc.ie  

 Contact Information:  Kwang-Sik (Albert) Choi Date of Birth: March 25 1961 Citizenship: Republic of Korea Current Title: Professor, School of Marine Biomedical Science Jeju National University, Korea Email: skchoi@jejunu.ac.kr RESEARCH AREAS: Marine ecology, shellfish reproductive biology, shellfish disease

dynamics, marine environmental biology

Jerome M. Comcowich recently retired from his tenured faculty position in the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. His primary area of responsibility included federal legislation and public policy. Although now retired from his university position, Dr. Comcowich continues to consult regularly on matters related to public policy and federal legislation in Hawaii and Washington, D.C. In addition, he serves as Vice President of ThermoChem Biofuels International, a Hawaii- based technology company. From 1994 to 1996, Dr. Comcowich held a Clinton Administration appointment in the U.S. Department of Education where he served as Special Assistant to Dr. David Longanecker, Assistant Secretary for Postsecondary Education. From 1990 to 1991 Dr. Comcowich served as Special Assistant to U.S. Senator

Daniel Akaka. From 1977 to 1980, Dr. Comcowich served as Special Assistant to U.S. Senator Spark Matsunaga. A graduate of Holy Cross College (1962), Dr. Comcowich earned his master's degree at the State University of New York at Albany (1965) and his doctorate at the University of Denver (1969). Dr. Comcowich has been a member of the PACON Executive Committee since 2005 and chaired the Technical Program for PACON 2008. He also served as the master of ceremonies for PACON 2007 and PACON 2008, chaired the Student Poster sessions for PACON 2006 and 2007, and has been active in promoting PACON's education mission.

Contact Information: Dr. Jerome M. Comcowich (retired) Phone: 808-956-4600 Email: comco@hawaii.edu

9

Contact Information: Dr. Stuart Donachie University of Hawaii at Manoa Department of Microbiology Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 USA Phone: 808‐956‐6452 Fax: 808‐956‐5339 Email: donachie@hawaii.edu

Wolf D. Grossmann, currently a Guest Professor at the University of Graz and is also the co-founder of the International Center for Climate and Society at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, where he has worn the hat of Adjunct Professor since 2003. He received his M.S. and PhD degrees in mathematics with a minor in operation research from the University of Hamburg. His main research areas are environmental research, systems sciences, information society and innovation. Dr. Grossmann started attending PACON conferences in 2002.

Contact Information: Dr. Wolf Dieter Grossmann Twietenkoppel 49 Hamburg 22395 Germany Phone: 49-40-604-65-93 Email: wolf.grossmann@googlemail.com

Kenji Hotta is currently professor of Nihon University (College of Science and Technology, Department of Oceanic Architecture and Engineering). He has been a PACON member since 1986, and is also a Fellow member. He received the PACON Service Award (1990), PACON International Award (2002), has been a Board member since 1995, and served as President of PACON International from 2002-2005. Dr. Hotta’s area of research is in ocean environmental engineering and physiological anthropology. Currently, he is also serving as Vice Chairman of the Japan International Marine Science and Technology Federation, Past President of Engineering Committee on Oceanic Resources, Board member of Japanese Society of Eco-technology, Steering Committee member of World Fish Center, and JICA Training Instructor of Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 2007, he received an Academic Award from Japan Society of

Eco-technology on the research of Ultra-sonic Waves. He has published more than 350 papers and publications. Currently his research interests are water/soil treatment of the coastal area and rehabilitation technology of the marine living environment by use of ocean fertilizers technology.

Contact Information: Dr. Kenji Hotta Nihon University 7-24-1, Narashinodai Funabashi, Chiba 274-8501 Japan Phone: 81-47-469-5484 Fax: 81-47-467-9446 Email: hotta@ocean.cst.nihon-u.ac.jp

10

Contact Information: Dr. Yasuyuki Ikegami Leader of OTEC Division Institute of Ocean Energy Saga University Japan Phone: +81-952-20-4744(28-8624) Fax: +81-952-20-4745 Email: ikegami@ioes.saga-u.ac.jp Website: http://www.ioes.saga-u.ac.jp/

Young C. Kim is currently a Professor Emeritus of Civil Engineering at California State University, Los Angeles. Other academic positions held include a Visiting Scholar of Coastal Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley (1971); a NATO Senior Fellow in Science at the Delft University of Technology and Delft Hydraulics Laboratory in the Netherlands (1975); and a Visiting Scientist at the Osaka City University for the National Science Foundation’s U.S.-Japan Cooperative Science Program (1976). For more than a decade, he served as Chair of the Department of Civil Engineering, and recently he was Associate Dean of the College of Engineering. For his dedicated teaching and outstanding professional activities, he was awarded the university- wide Outstanding Professor Award in 1994. He was a consultant to the U.S. Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory

in Port Hueneme and later, he became a consultant to the Science Engineering Associates in San Marino where he investigated wave forces on the Howard-Doris platform structure, now being placed in Ninian Field, North Sea. Since 1998, he has served as Chair of the California Chapter and as a member of the International Board of Directors of PACON. He served as the Program Coordinator of Coastal Science and Technology at PACON conferences (2000 to 2007) and was the Conference General Co-Chair of PACON 2001. He delivered the keynote lecture entitled “Progress and Challenges of Coastal Engineering” at PACON 2002. Dr. Kim was a recipient of the Distinguished Member Award in 2000, Ocean Service Award in 2001, and PACON International Award in 2004. He was also PACON’s President from 2008-2010 and is currently the Past-President. Dr. Kim is the past chair of the Executive Committee of the Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). Recently, he served as chair of the Nominating Committee of the International Association of Hydraulic Engineering and Research (IAHR). Dr. Kim has been involved in organizing 10 national and international conferences, has authored three books, and has published 52 technical papers in various engineering journals. Currently, he is an editor of Handbook of Coastal and Ocean Engineering to be published by the World Scientific Publishing Company.

Hideki Kohno graduated from Kyoto University with a Ph.D. in 1973, majoring in microbiology, marine biotechnology, and immunology. In 1973, he was the chief scientist for Mitsubishi Chemical Life Science Institutes and in 2000 he became a Professor at Nihon University, College of Industrial Technology, Department of Applied Molecular Chemistry. In 2009 he was chief Professor of Research and Technology Development Center in Industry at the University of Nihon University. Dr. Kohno has been a member of ASM (American Society for Microbiology) since1982, a member of AACC (American Association for Clinical Chemistry) since 1983, and a PACON member since 2004. He is also a General Committee Member of Hoshi University.

Contact Information: Professor Dr. Hideki Kohno Nihon University College of Industrial Technology 1-2-1 Izumimachi Narashino, Chiba, Japan Phone/Fax: + 81-474-74-2566 Email: kouno.hideki@nihon-u.ac.jp

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Vyacheslav B. Lobanov has been the Deputy Director and Senior Researthe V.I.Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, RusSciences, in Vladivostok, Russia since 1995, where he received his Phscientific interests are in physical oceanography, mesoscale water dynamicof satellite data. Dr. Lobanov has held past positions as Junior ResearcheSenior Researcher at the Pacific Oceanological Institute (Vladivostok, Ruand Visiting Researcher at the East West Space Science Center, UniversiCollege Park, USA, 1996. Dr. Lobanov’s seagoing experience includestechnician, research scientist, head of group, and chief scientist on 30 crui

Indian, Arctic and North Atlantic oceans during 1975-2010. His professional activities include: Chair, Physical Oceanography and Climate Committee, of North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) (1998-2001); Acting chairman, NEAR-GOOS Coordinating Committee (2002-2004); National delegate, NEAR- GOOS Coordinating Committee (2006 to current); and Member, Monitor Committee, Physical Oceanography and Climate Committee, of PICES (2002 to current). He also has at least 14 published papers.

ch Dr Scientist of sian Academy of .D. in 1993. Hiss, and application r, Researcher, and

ssia) 1977-1995, ty of Maryland at participation as

ses in the Pacific,

Contact Information: Dr. Vyacheslav B. Lobanov V.I.Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, 43, Baltiyskaya St., Vladivostok 690041 Russia Tel: 4232-312377, 311400 (office) 312651 (home) Fax: 4232-312573 E-mail: lobanov@poi.dvo.ru

Lorenz Magaard has been a member of PACON since 1991 and is currently the Past-President. He served as Chair of the PACON Hawaii Chapter for many years, and as the general chair for the PACON 2007 and PACON 2008 conferences. He was awarded the PACON Service Award in 1998, the PACON International Award in 2000, and the PACON Fellow Award in 2007. Dr. Magaard is currently a Professor Emeritus in the Department of Oceanography at the University of Hawaii at Manoa and the Founding Director of the International Center for Climate and Society (ICCS) whose mission is “to develop improved methods of utilizing socio-economic innovation to mitigate and adapt to climate fluctuations and change”. Dr. Magaard earned his B.S., M.S. and PhD degrees from the University of Kiel, Germany (major: mathematics; minors: physics and oceanography).

He came to Hawaii in 1974 and became Professor in the Department of Oceanography in 1975. He served as chairperson of that department from 1984 to 1990 and again from 2005 to 2006. He was also the Associate Dean of the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST) from 1992 until 2000. While he has worked on problems in physical oceanography for more than 40 years, he is now fully concentrating on research and education in the area of climate and society and is developing a unique cross-disciplinary doctoral program: Environmental Finance. Contact Information: Dr. Lorenz Magaard University of Hawaii at Manoa Department of Oceanography 1000 Pope Road, MSB 212A Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 USA Phone / Fax: 808-956-7509 / 808-956-9225 Email: lorenz@hawaii.edu

    

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James Marsh received his PhD in international economics from the University of Chicago. He is primarily a faculty member of the Shidler College of Business at the University of Hawaii, but has been an occasional short-term research fellow at the East-West Center (Honolulu), Mitsubishi Research Institute (Tokyo), the Center for River Basin Environmental Studies (Gifu, Japan), and Brookings Institution (Washington, DC). He has taught at several universities in the U.S. as well as MBA programs in Vietnam and Japan. His research work deals with environmental and resource economics with focus on the oceans of the world. This has resulted in several organized conferences, books, numerous articles, and other studies.

Contact Information: Dr. James Barney Marsh (Professor) International Business Economics Shidler College of Business University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 USA

  Koichi Masuda, a PACON member since 1991 became a PACON Life Member in 2010, and has been a Session Chair at many PACON conferences. His research interests are ocean space utilization engineering, floating structures engineering, and water wave engineering. Dr. Masuda has been a Professor at the College of Science and Technology, Nihon University since 1993 and a Research Fellow at The University of Tokyo since 1982. He received the Academic Award from CST Nihon University in 1987, Publication and Culture Award from JACZE in 2001, and the PACON Service Award in 2004.

Contact Information: Dr. Koichi Masuda Nihon University 7-24-1, Narashinodai Funabashi, Chiba 274-8501 Japan Phone: +81-47-469-8347 Fax: +81-47-469-8347 Email: masuda.koichi@nihon-u.ac.jp  

Jeff Obbard is an Associate Professor in the Division of Environmental Science & Engineering at the National University of Singapore (NUS), and Principal Scientist and Program Manager (Bioenergy) at the Science & Engineering Research Council of the Agency for Science, Technology & Research of the Government of Singapore (A*STAR). He also has a affiliated position with the Institute of Chemical & Engineering Sciences, Singapore. He has previously served as Associate Director and Project Director (Bioenergy) at the Tropical Marine Science Institute (TMSI), NUS where his research was focused on: bioremediation of marine oil spillages; accumulation of persistent organic pollutants in the marine environment; and the development of bioenergy derivatives from marine microalgae. Research has been funded by A*STAR and the European Aerospace Defence Systems (the parent company of

Airbus). Dr. Obbard has been actively engaged by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Singapore and the Singapore Environment Institute to provide in-country training on climate change science, mitigation, adaptation and renewable energy to the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), and has given many invited seminars on renewable energy and climate change. He was awarded the team Mondialago Engineering Award (with special laureate recognition) from the United Nations & DaimlerChrysler in 2005 for his work on sustainable development, and was a recipient of the NUS Annual Teaching Excellence Awards in 2006 and 2007. Dr. Obbard is currently on a two year leave of absence from NUS and A*STAR, and is employed full-time by Cellana LLC - a joint venture company between Royal Dutch Shell Petroleum and HR Petroleum - based on the Big Island of Hawaii.

Contact Information: Dr. Jeff Obbard Cellana LLC 73-4460 Queen Kaahumanu Highway, #127 Kailua-Kona, Hawaii 96740 USA Phone: 808-334-1690 Fax: 808-334-9558 Email: esejpo@nus.edu.sg

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Gerald P. Pereira was born and raised in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. He graduated from Columbia University in New York City with a B.S. in biology and received a M.S. and Ph.D. in histology and cell biology from McGill University in Montreal. As a graduate student he was a Banting Research Fellow (1963-66) and the first lecturer in histology at the new Faculty of Medicine of the University of Sherbrooke in Sherbrooke, Canada (1966-68). Dr. Pereira has more than 25 years of experience in administration and basic science teaching and research in medical schools, including the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University where he served on the Faculty Council (1972-76) and the Executive Committee (1973-75) as an elected member. His career focus areas include: Immunology, Experimental Diabetes, Bone Disorders, Movement of Particles using light, transmission and scanning electron

microscopy coupled with computer-assisted X-ray microanalysis, Biocombustible Production from Waste, and Deep Ocean Water Utilization. Dr. Pereira was a visiting professor at Georgetown University in Georgetown (Washington, D.C.), the University of Alberta in Edmonton (Canada) and the University of Lagos in Lagos (Nigeria). He started attending PACON conferences in 2002. Contact Information: Dr. Gerard P. Pereira Energinat S.A. 1560 Lapierre Street, Ste 201 Montreal, Quebec H8N 2R2 Canada Phone: 514-363-8326 Fax: 514-363-3518 Email: gerard.pereira@sympatico.ca  

Narendra Saxena, Founding President of PACON International, is currently a Professor Emeritus from the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST) at the University of Hawaii Manoa. From 1994-1997 he was a Professor in the Civil Engineering Department. Prior experience saw him as an Assistant Professor in photogrammetric and geodetic engineering at the University of Illinois in Urbana, an Instructor and Adjunt Professor in the Department of Geodetic Science at The Ohio State University in Columbus; a CNOC Research Chair in Mapping, Charting and Geodesy (MC&G), Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California; Director of the Pacific Mapping Program, SOEST, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii; and Editor-in-Chief, Marine Geodesy: International Journal of Ocean Surveys, Mapping and Sensing, Taylor & Francis, London (UK). Dr. Saxena received

his B.S. from the Agra University (India), Diplomas in 1959 and 1966 from the University of Roorkee (India) and University of Hanover (Germany) respectively, and his PhD from the Technical University of Graz, Austria. His areas of specialty are satellite and marine geodesy, and surveying engineering. His awards and honors include the Merit Award for Research from the University of Hawaii, Fellow Award from MTS, Fellow Award from IAG, and the Life-time Achievement Award from PACON International. His professional activities include Editor-in-Chief, Marine Geodesy Journal, since 1976; Founding member of the Tsunami Society; Founding member of the Pacific Congress (PACON) International; Editor of the proceedings of the PACON on Marine Science and Technology; Editor/Co-Editor, Recent Advances in Marine Sciences and Technology Series; and Member of the steering committee of the Graduate Ocean Policy Certificate Program. Dr. Saxena, with extensive research background in bathymetry, shallow water mapping, detection of water seepage, application of marine geodesy, and assessment of remote sensors for locating groundwater seepage, has authored 97 publications, is editor of six books and eight conference proceedings, presented 72 papers at national and international conferences, and is the Founding Editor of the Marine Geodesy Journal. Contact Information: Dr. Narendra Saxena 1123 Mistwood Drive Tarpon Springs, Florida 34688 USA Phone/Fax: 727-935-4635 Email: nsaxena@hawaii.edu   

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Friedhelm Schroeder received his Ph.D. at the University of Kiel in Germany with a focus on gas-phase kinetics/ultra high vacuum techniques. He has been with the GKSS Research Centre since 1979, working on the automated methods for monitoring and water quality assessment, and the improvement of water quality management strategies. Dr. Schroeder has participated in international projects in Brazil, Argentina and Indonesia focusing on the water quality problems within those countries. He is a leader of the GKSS Department “in Situ Systems,” a member of several national international organizations. As the new PACON Europe Chapter Chair, Dr. Schroeder has been a member continuously since 2000. He became a PACON Fellow in 2007

and has received the PACON Service Award in 2006. He contributed to PACON conferences with several oral presentations, including a keynote lecture. He was furthermore active as chair/co-chair for different sessions and as organizer of workshops and student lectures for environmental monitoring. For PACON 2007 he promoted intensively for the panel theme session “Ocean Observing Systems.” He enjoys traveling, books, video and photography. Contact Information: Dr. Friedhelm Schroeder GKSS Research Centre Institute for Coastal Research Max Planck Str. 1 Geesthacht D-21502 Germany Phone: 49 4152 77408 Email: friedhelm.schroeder@gkss.de

Ramesh Singh, presently Professor in the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA. Before joining Chapman, Dr. Singh taught for 21 years at Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur in India. His main interest is remote sensing, he has used remote sensing data widely to study changes in ocean, land and atmosphere due to natural hazards. He has published more than 150 research papers, is Chief Editor – Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, Associate Editor – International J. Remote Sensing, Member of the Editorial Board – Indian J. Marine Science. Dr. Singh has found pronounced changes in ocean color parameters associated with cyclone/hurricanes, earthquakes and dust events.

Contact Information: Prof. Ramesh P. Singh Earth System Science and Remote Sensing School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Schmid College of Science Chapman University Hashinger #219 One University Drive Orange, California 92866 USA Phone: 714-289-2057 Fax: 714-516-4542 Email rsingh@chapman.edu  

Karl Steininger is a Professor in Economics, University of Graz, teaching courses on micro and macroeconomics (basics and intermediate level), international trade, environmental and resource economics, environmental policy, and CGE modelling. He is also a Guest Professor in Resource Economics at the University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Chair of the for the Austrian Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change Programme, Head of the Human Dimensions Programme (HDP), and WegCenter Deputy Director. Dr. Steininger’s major research focus is on quantitative economic analysis with a current focus on modelling climate change and climate policy as well as on spatial CGE models, combining economic geography and quantitative economic equilibrium analysis in scientific fields such as computable general equilibrium (CGE) modelling, climate and energy

economics and policy, transport economics, and spatial economics. Contact Information: Dr. Karl W. Steininger University of Graz Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change Leechgasse 25 Graz, Styria A-8010 Austria Phone: +43-316-380-8441 Fax: +43-316-380-9830 Email: karl.steininger@uni-graz.at

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Yoshihiro Suenaga, a Professor in the Department of Safety Systems Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, at Kagawa University in Japan, has participated in PACON conferences since 1988. His main research is marine environmental engineering, especially, artificial reefs. He worked on artificial reefs for construction of fishery grounds and functions of structure enhancing marine resources in Korea and Japan. The Japanese Commendation for Science and Technology by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology has awarded him numerous honors in science and technology. Dr. Suenaga has been a PACON conference session chair since 2006 and he also promotes student participation. His graduate students have presented their study in the technical and poster

sessions at PACON conferences since 2002. In appreciation, he was presented with a PACON Service Award in 2008. Contact Information: Dr. Yoshihiro Suenaga Kagawa University Faculty of Engineering 2217-20 Hayashi Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0396 Japan Phone/Fax: +81-87-864-2145 Email: suenaga@eng.kagawa-u.ac.jp  

DanLing Tang received her Ph.D. in Marine Ecology and Remote Sensing from the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST). Her post-doctorates were completed at the University of Rhode Island (USA) and HKUST. She had conducted research and teaching in Hong Kong, USA and Japan over 10 years, and was awarded the “100 Talents Program” from the Chinese Academy of Sciences upon her return to China in 2004. She was a professor of Fudan University (Shanghai, China) and now is the leading professor for “Research Center for Remote Sensing and Marine Ecology & Environment” (RSMEE) of South China Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Professor Tang has participated or lead about 30 international research programs, including various UNEP Programs “Millennium Ecosystem

Assessment”, “Global Environment Outlook (GEO4)”, and “Policy Synthesis of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment with Respect to Marine and Coastal Systems”. She also served on varies international science organizations, as member of the AUG Council, Board of Director of PACON, and SOC of PORSEC. She has jointly-organized many international conferences and workshops, and she was the Chairman of 9th Pan Ocean Remote Sensing Conference (PORSEC2008). Professor Tang is personally active in research associated with application of remote sensing on marine ecology and coastal environment, her research interests are ocean dynamic of phytoplankton blooming, oceanic natural hazard (typhoon, HAB, tsunami), and global changes. She has published about 150 papers/book chapters, including about 60 international peer reviewed papers (SCI). For her research achievements, Professor Tang has received International awards, such as the “Zayed Award Diploma" (2006) and the PACON “Ocean Service Award” (2007). In 2009 she was awarded the national honorary title of China –“National 3.8 Red-banner Pacesetter”. Contact Information: Prof. DanLing Tang South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences 164 West Xingan Road Guangzhou, Guangdong 510301 China Phone: 86-20-8902-3203 Fax: 86-20-8902-3191 Email: lingzistdl@126.com Website: http://lingzis.51.net

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Wei-Hsien Wang received his B.S. from the Tunghai University (Taiwan) in 1977 and his Ph.D. from the University of California, San Diego (USA) in 1984. He was a Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Toronto (Canada) during 1984-1985. From 1991 to 1997, he was Chair for the Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources at the National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU) and later became an Associate Professor in the same department. From 2002 to 2006, he was the Secretary General at NSYSU, Dean of Student Affairs (NSYSU), and Administrative Vice-President (NSYSU). Since 1983 he has been a Professor of Marine Biotechnology and Resources at NYSU and since 2006 he has been the Director General of the National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium in Taiwan. Professor Wei-Hsien Wang's expertises are in marine organic chemistry, environmental hormones,

water quality analysis, and pharmacokinetics. Contact Information: Prof. Wei-Hsien Wang National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium 2 Houwan Rd. Checheng, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan Tel: 08-8824485 Fax: 08-8824488 Email: whw@nmmba.gov.tw Website: www.nmmba.gov.tw

John C. Wiltshire graduated in 1976 with a B.S. in geology from Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He worked as an exploration geologist in the oil and mining industries for Noranda Mines, Chevron and Petro-Canada. Dr. Wiltshire earned a Ph.D. in Geological Oceanography from the University of Hawaii in 1983. He then became the Ocean Resources Manager for the State of Hawaii in the Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism. In 1986, he joined the Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory (HURL) as a senior researcher. He is now Director of HURL, NOAA’s Undersea Research Center for Hawaii and the Western Pacific (NURC/H&WP). He is also presently Chairman of the University of Hawaii's Department of Ocean and Resources Engineering. Dr. Wiltshire is also an advisor to

the U.S. Secretary of the Interior on offshore oil, gas and minerals leasing as part of the Outer Continental Shelf Policy Advisory Committee. He is the Editor-in-Chief of the peer reviewed journal Marine Georesources and Geotechnology. He is a fellow of the Marine Technology Society and is the author of over 90 scientific papers on ocean resources, mineral economics, scientific submersible utilization and sustainable development in the minerals industry. Contact information: Dr. John C. Wiltshire Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory University of Hawaii at Manoa 1000 Pope Road, MSB 319 Honolulu, HI 96822 USA Phone: 808-956-6042 Fax: 808-956-2136 Email: johnw@soest.hawaii.edu Website: http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/HURL

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Ying Ye is currently Professor and Vice Dean of the Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, China. He received his B.S. and M.S. (1980, 1982, respectively) in Geology from the Nanjing University (China), and his Ph.D. in Geology and Geochemistry from the Nanjing University (1985). Dr. Ye’s academic appointments at the Zhejiang University include Lecturer, Department of Earth Science (1985-1990); Associate Professor, Department of Earth Science (1990-1995); Professor, Department of Earth Science (1995-2009); and Vice Dean, Department of Ocean Science and Engineering (2009 to present). His professional memberships include standings as: Senior consultant for China Ocean Minerals Resources R & D Association (2001-2008); Member of EDP of the Integrate Ocean Drilling Program (2007-2010); Member of the

Geological Society of China (1985- present); and Member of the Chinese Society of Oceanography (2009-present). Dr. Ye has papers in publications such as the Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal of Inorganic Materials, ACTA Oceanological Sinica, and Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators. He has also received over 5 million yen for research grants and funding. His research areas focus on Synthesis of functional materials; Fabrication and characterization of electro-chemical sensors; and Monitoring ocean environment and detecting seafloor hydrothermal vent with in- situ sensors.

Contact Information: Dr. Ying Ye (Professor, Vice Dean) Department of Ocean Science and Engineering Zhejiang University 866 Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou, China Phone: 86-571-88208825 Fax: 86-571-88208891 Email: gsyeying@zju.edu.cn

Ki-Dai Yum has been a PACON member since 1993 and is currently the PACON Korea Chapter Chair. Dr. Yum received the PACON Service Award in 2004 and Ocean Service Award in 2007. He is a Coastal Engineer and President of the Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute (KORDI) in Seoul, Korea. He studied civil engineering at Seoul National University in 1972 and gained an engineering doctorate at the University of Paris in 1983. After receiving his doctorate, he has been working for KORDI as a researcher, division head, and vice president. Dr. Yum also served in the advisory committees of Ministry of Maritime & Fisheries, Ministry of Defense, and Ministry of Science and Technology.

Contact Information: Dr. Ki-Dai Yum Korea Ocean Research Institute (KORDI) Coastal Engineering & Ocean Energy Research Department Sa-dong 1270 Ansan, Gyeonggi 426-744 Korea Phone: +82-31-400-6321 Fax: +82-31-408-5823 Email: kdyum@kordi.re.kr

 

 

 

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PACON 2012 TECHNICAL PROGRAM

Session 1: Education/Outreach Monday, December 10, 2012

8:15 a.m. - 9:30 a.m. Sheraton Kona Resort & Spa at Keauhou Bay— Kaleiopapa I

Underwater Vehicles and LEGOs in K-12 Classrooms Mr. Michael Andonian University of Hawai`i at Manoa, Department of Mathematics Getting Hawai`i Involved Mr. Kahi Pacarro Sustainable Coastlines Hawaii

Session 1: General Research/Monitoring Monday, December 10, 2012

8:15 a.m. - 9:30 a.m. Sheraton Kona Resort & Spa at Keauhou Bay— Kaleiopapa I

Variation of Mussel Biomass and Its Effect on Biochemical Cycle in Amagasaki Port Dr. Ryoichi Yamanaka The University of Tokushima, Institute of Technology and Science TINRO’S Fisheries Research in the South China Sea Dr. Gennadiy Gavrilov Pacific Scientific Research Fisheries Center (TINRO-Center)

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Session 2: Sustainable Use and Conservation of Marine Resources through Sato-Umi and Integrated Local Environmental Knowledge

Co-Chairs: Dr. Tetsuo Yanagi, Dr. Shinichiro Kakuma and Genevieve Brighouse Monday, December 10, 2012

10:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. Sheraton Kona Resort & Spa at Keauhou Bay— Kaleiopapa I

Natural and Cultural Resource Approach to Management Ms. Genevieve Brighouse NOAA National Marine Sanctuary – American Samoa Power of Storytelling: Building a Local Environmental Knowledge Platform for Sato-Umi Governance Ms. Mayumi Fukunaga Osaka Prefecture University, Institute for Eco-Science Institutional Aspects of Satoumi in Coral Reefs, Harmonize Conservation and Sustainable Fisheries Dr. Shinichiro Kakuma Okinawa Government Fisheries Extension Center International Stone Tidal Weir Summit in Shiraho, Japan for Creating SATOUMI 2010 Mr. Masahito Kamimura WWF Coral Reef Conservation and Research Centre Co-Management of the Marine Social-Ecological Systems in Shiretoko World Natural Heritage Site Dr. Mitsutaku Makino Fisheries Research Agency, Japan “Ho’olono: Malama O Ke Kai”: Walter Paulo and Sustainably Enhancing Marine Productivity Dr. Philip A. McGillivary U.S. Coast Guard PACAREA

The Local Resource Management in Japanese Spiny Lobster Fishing Dr. Chigusa Nakagawa Research Institute for Human and Nature

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Session 3: Sustainable Use and Conservation of Marine Resources through Sato-Umi and Integrated Local Environmental Knowledge

Co-Chairs: Dr. Tetsuo Yanagi, Dr. Shinichiro Kakuma and Genevieve Brighouse Monday, December 10, 2012

1:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m. Sheraton Kona Resort & Spa at Keauhou Bay— Kaleiopapa I

Making Climate Change an Island Priority Mr. Lelei Peau Department of Commerce/Coral Reef Advisory Group Integrated Local Environmental Knowledge Supporting Adaptive Co-Management of Sato-Umi Social-Ecological Systems Dr. Tetsu Sato Research Institute for Humanity and Nature Residential Research Bridging Science and Practice for Adaptive Governance of Sato-Umi Dr. Mayuko Shimizu Ryukoku University Interaction of Multi-Scale Partnerships for Marine Biodiversity Conservation: A Case in the Yellow Sea Mr. Sadayosi Tobai WWF Japan The Relationship between the Funaya and the Landscape of the Ine Communities Mr. Masanari Ushimaru College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University Concept and Practices of Satoumi in Japan and Lessons Learned Dr. Tetsuo Yanagi Kyushu University Satoumi as a Reconstruction of Commons through Coastal Resource Management by Fishermen Mr. Shigeru Yanaka Faculty of Regional Sciences, Tottori University

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Session 4: Effects of Ocean Acidification Co-Chairs: Dr. Emily R. Hall and Dr. Denise Yost

Monday, December 10, 2012 3:30 p.m. – 5:30 p.m.

Sheraton Kona Resort & Spa at Keauhou Bay— Kaleiopapa I

Submarine Groundwater Discharge and CO2 Dynamics at Kiholo Bay, Hawai`i Dr. Steven Colbert University of Hawai`i – Hilo Temporal Distribution of Environmental Stressors and Spatial Heterogeneity in a Coral Reef Dr. Oscar Guadayol University of Hawai`i at Manoa, Hawai`i Institute of Marine Biology Development of Ocean Acidification Flow-Thru Experimental Raceway Units (OAFTERU) Dr. Emily Hall Mote Marine Laboratory Effects of Exogenous Nutrients and Carbon Dioxide on Aquarium-Cultivated Scleractinian Corals Dr. Denise M. Yost Hawai`i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai`i – Manoa

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Session 5: Engineering and Technology Development

Tuesday, December 11, 2012 8:00 a.m.- 9:30 a.m.

Sheraton Kona Resort & Spa at Keauhou Bay— Kaleiopapa I

Across-Track Beam Shaping For Enhanced Bottom Classification With Sidescan Sonar Prof. John Bird S chool of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles: Trajectory Design Using Geometric Control Dr. Monique Chyba University of Hawai`i at Mano

a, Department of Mathematics

High-Resolution 3D-Mapping of Reef Edge and Reef Slope Using Multibeam Bathymetric Sonar Dr. Hironobu Kan O

kayama University, Graduate School of Education/Natural Sciences

A Study Regarding Placement Properties of Open Spaces in Metropolitan Coastal Areas Mr. Yohei Kawagoe College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University Estimation on Diffusion Area of Nutrient Load from River Ms. Yuri Kumagai K

agawa University, Faculty of Engineering

A Study of Sediment Transport in Gyeonggi Bay Using GOCI and INBUS Dr. Jin Soon Park Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology

Session 6A: Engineering and Technology Development

Tuesday, December 11, 2012 10:00 a.m.- 12:00 p.m.

Sheraton Kona Resort & Spa at Keauhou Bay— Kaleiopapa I A Numerical Study on Influence of Primary Productivity by River Flood in Coastal Region Dr. Masami Ohashi F

isheries Engineering Research Team, Civil Engineering Research Institute for Cold Region

Tidal Current Effects on the Wave Trasnformation and Runup Dr. Shin Sungwon K

wandong University, Waterfront and Coastal Research Center

Degradation of DNA by Unsaturated Fatty Acid-derived Aldehydes as Possible Water-Environmental Pollutants Mr. Yoshitou Tanaka Kagawa University, Graduate School of Engineering Development of Novel Concrete Possessing the Inhibitory Effect on Corrosion of Iron Ms. Maki Yasuda K

agawa University, Graduate School of Engineering

Video-Based Breakwater Over-topping Monitoring Dr. Jeseon Yoo Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology

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Session 6B: Marine Fisheries Enhancement – Artificial Reef-Based Fisheries Enhancement Co-Chairs: Dr. Yoshihiro Suenaga and Dr. Ken Leber

Tuesday, December 11, 2012 10:00 a.m.- 12:00 p.m

Sheraton Kona Resort & Spa at Keauhou Bay— Keauhou Boardroom

Verification of Effect of Artificial Seaweed for Sandfish Spawning Ground Mr. Setsuo Okamoto Fisheries Engineering Research Team/Civil Engineering Research Institute for Cold Region Contribution of Construction of Artificial Reefs to Fishery Carbon Sinks Prof. Changtao Guan Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Creation of Seaweed Beds by Artificial Reef Includes the Porous Material Mr. Shogo Inoue Kagawa University, Faculty of Engineering Study on the Coefficient of Static Friction of the Artificial Reefs Mr. Shotaro Matsuoka Kagawa University Development of Protective and Feeding Facility for Stocked Rock Fish Juveniles Mr. Yoriki Sakamaki Kagawa University, Faculty of Engineering Variation in Fish Biomass on New Artificial Reefs in Gabes Gulf, Tunisia Dr. Hiroaki Terashima ICNet Limited

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Session 7A: New Directions of Sustainability: New Technology, Financial Innovation and Policy Co-Chairs: Dr. Lorenz Magaard and King Burch

Tuesday, December 11, 2012 1:00 p.m.- 3:00 p.m.

Sheraton Kona Resort & Spa at Keauhou Bay— Kaleiopapa I Bridging the Chasm: A Financial Perspective on Analyzing Natural Catastrophe Risk Mr. John B. Brynjolfsson Armored Wolf Methane Hydrate – Good News/Bad News – A Public Policy Perspective Dr. Jerome Comcowich U

niversity of Hawai`i at Manoa

The Implications of Controlled Hot Hydrogen Fusion Dr. James R.DeLuze U

niversity of Hawai`i at Manoa

The Deluze Fusion Reactors Dr. James R. DeLuze U

niversity of Hawai`i at Manoa

Sensitivity of Hurricanes to Rising Ocean Temperature Dr. James Elsner Florida State University Coping with Fast Rise of Photovoltaics for Electricity Generation Dr.Wolf Grossmann U

niversity of Graz and University of Hawai`i at Manoa

Competitive Electricity from Photovoltaics Dr. Wolf Grossmann University of Graz and University of Hawai`i at Manoa

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Session 8A: New Directions of Sustainability: New Technology, Financial Innovation and Policy Co-Chairs: Dr. Lorenz Magaard and King Burch

Tuesday, December 11, 2012 3:30 p.m. – 5:30 p.m.

Sheraton Kona Resort & Spa at Keauhou Bay— Kaleiopapa I

The Securitization of Reinsurance Dr. Morton Lane Lane Financial LLC Environmental Finance and Risk Management Dr. Lorenz Magaard University of Hawai`i at Manoa, International Center for Climate and Society A Study Regarding the Distribution of Construction Byproduct in Coastal Area Mr. Kota Matsuzaki College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University On the Valuation of CAT bonds Dr. Gunter Meissner University of Hawai`i Basic Design and Reality of the Blue Economy as a New Paradigm Dr. Heedong Pyo Pukyung National University, Department of Marine Business and Economics Seto Inland Sea Weastern Coastala Area from the Viewpoint of Disaster Countermeasures Masayuki Suga Nihon Bunri University Advances in the Analysis and Command of Risk for Sustainability Mr. J.P. Schmidt University of Hawai`i at Manoa, Shidler College of Business

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Session 7B: Marine Fisheries Enhancement – Aquaculture-Based Fisheries Enhancement Co-Chairs: Dr. Wang Qingyin and Dr. Ken Leber

Tuesday, December 11, 2012 1:00 p.m.- 3:00 p.m.

Sheraton Kona Resort & Spa at Keauhou Bay— Keauhou Boardroom

Responsible Approach to Marine Stock Enhancement: An Update Dr. Ken Leber Mote Marine Laboratory, Directorate of Fisheries and Aquaculture Considerations in Developing Aquaculture Technologies to Produce Marine Fish for Stock Enhancement Dr. Kevan L. Main Mote Marine Laboratory The Effect of Water Quality in Aquacultured Oysters Production at Shido Bay Mrs. Machi Miyoshi Tokushima Bunri University Marine Ranching in Northern South China Sea Dr. Chen Pimao South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute

Session 8B: Marine Fisheries Enhancement – Aquaculture-Based Fisheries Enhancement

Co-Chairs: Dr. Wang Qingyin and Dr. Ken Leber Tuesday, December 11, 2012

3:30 p.m. – 5:30 p.m. Sheraton Kona Resort & Spa at Keauhou Bay— Keauhou Boardroom

Ecosystem Based Sea Ranching and Stock Enhancement in China Dr. Wang Qingyin Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Reducing Pressure on Natural Tuna Fisheries employing Open Ocean Mariculture Dr. Paul J. Troy Acclimate Study on the Absorption System of Wave Energy for Aquaculture Preserves Mr. Daichi Watanabe Kagawa University The Eelgrass Resources and Restoration along the Coasts of Shandong Peninsula, China Dr. Zhang Xiumei Ocean University of China, Fisheries College Study and Construction of Modern Marine Ranching in North Yellow Sea, China Dr. Chen Yong Dalian Ocean University, Center for Marine Ranching Engineering Science Research of Liaoning Province

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Session 9: Tsunami Disaster Chair: Dr. Charles L. Mader

Wednesday, December 12, 2012 8:30 a.m.- 9:30 a.m.

Sheraton Kona Resort & Spa at Keauhou Bay— Kaleiopapa I

A Study Regarding Logistic of Disaster Waste Disposal in Tohoku Coastal Area Mr. Hideo Furuhashi CIT, Nihon University The 3/2011 Japan Tsunami in Hawai`i Dr. Charles Mader Mader Consulting Co. A Basic Study on Tsunami Damage Control Method of Moored Vessels Dr. Mitsuhiro Masuda Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology

Session 10: Tsunami Disaster Chair: Dr. Charles L. Mader

Wednesday, December 12, 2012 10:00 a.m.- 12:00 p.m.

Sheraton Kona Resort & Spa at Keauhou Bay— Kaleiopapa I

Economic Costs of the Japanese Tsunami in Japan, the U.S., and Internationally Dr. Philip A. McGillivary U.S. Coast Guard PACAREA A Study Concerning Primary Production and Its Effective Usage in Coastal Region Dr. Takamasa Miyazaki Nihon University Damage of 3.11 Great East Japan Earthquake Dr. Takamasa Miyazaki Nihon University A Study of a Floating Body Moored to Floating Pier in Tsunami Mr. Kazuki Murata Graduate School of Nihon University A Study on Influence of the Tsunami Damage to Architecture Mr. Yasunori Ohkawara Graduate School of Nihon University Hydrodynamic Pressure Induced by Tsunami Washed onto Land on Architectural Building Mr. Junpei Takayama Graduate School of Oceanic Architecture and Engineering, CST, Nihon University

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Session 11: Progress and Challenges of Marine Renewable Energy Co-Chairs: Dr. Young C. Kim and Dr. Ki-Dai Yum

Wednesday, December 12, 2012 1:00 p.m. – 3:00 p.m.

Sheraton Kona Resort & Spa at Keauhou Bay— Kaleiopapa I

Efficient Hydrogen Production by use of Gene Recombinant Rhodobacter Sphaeroides Hideki Kohno College of Industrial Technology Nihon University Improvement of the Performance of VAT Marine Turbine by Applying Variable-Pitch System Mr. Yasunori Nakamura Graduate School of Nihon University, Department of Oceanic Architecture and Engineering Establishment of a Method for Evaluating Performance of Vertical-Axis Type Marine Turbine Mr. Naseru Nakazawa Graduate School of Nihon University Effects of Projecting Walls to Oscillating Water Column Type Wave Energy Converter Mr Hikaru Omori Graduate School of Nihon University, Department of Oceanic Architecture and Engineering The Efficiency of Primary Conversion of PW-OWC Type WEC in Oblique Waves Mr. Hiroyuki Taguchi Graduate School of Nihon University Elastic Motion Behaviors of OWC Type WECs installed on Large Floating Structure Ms. Yuka Watanabe Graduate School of Nihon University, Department of Oceanic Architecture and Engineering Offshore Wind Power Potential for Low Cost Electricity in Hawai`i Dr. John Wiltshire Hawai`i Undersea Research Lab, University of Hawai`i at Manoa

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Poster Sessions Monday, December 10, 2012

6:00 p.m. – 8:00 p.m. Sheraton Kona Resort & Spa at Keauhou Bay— Kaleiopapa II

Project of a 300 Watt Prototype Fusion Reactor Dr. James R. DeLuze Hurricane Busters Incorporated The Effect of Tube Diameter on Air-Lift Artificial Upwelling Dr. Wei Fan School of Ocean Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai`i at Manoa Performance Evaluation Vertical Axis Type Marine Turbine with Variable-Pitch Blade by Experiments Mr. Naseru Nakazawa Graduate School of Nihon University An Experimental Study on the Acquirable Wave Power of PW-OWC Type Wave Power Absorbing Devices Mr. Keisuke Niida Department of Oceanic Architecture and Engineering, CST, Nihon University Take-Off Power Potential of OWC Type WECs Equipped Large Floating Structures Ms. Yuka Watanabe Graduate School of Nihon University, Department of Oceanic Architecture and Engineering Research Progress on Artificial Reef Hydrodynamics in Coastal Waters of China Dr. Shouyu Zhang Shanghai Ocean University, College of Marine Sciences Study on Key Technologies of Sea Ranching in the Coastal Area of Shandong Peninsula, China Dr. Xiumei Zhang Ocean University of China, Fisheries College

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PACON 2012 Session Co-Chairs: Marine Fisheries Enhancement – Artificial Reef-Based Fisheries Enhancement Co-Chairs: ● Dr. Ken Leber, Associate Vice President for Directorate of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mote Marine Laboratory | Sarasota, Florida, USA ● Dr. Yoshihiro Suenaga, Faculty of Engineering and Environmental, Kagawa University | JAPAN

Yoshihiro Suenaga, a Professor in the Department of Safety Systems Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, at Kagawa University in Japan, has participated in PACON conferences since 1988. His main research is marine environmental engineering, especially, artificial reefs. He worked on artificial reefs for construction of fishery grounds and functions of structure enhancing marine resources in Korea and Japan. The Japanese Commendation for Science and Technology by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology has awarded him numerous honors in science and technology. Dr. Suenaga has been a PACON conference session chair since 2006 and he also promotes student participation. His graduate students have presented their study in the technical and poster sessions at PACON conferences since 2002. In appreciation, he

was presented with a PACON Service Award in 2008.

Marine Fisheries Enhancement – Aquaculture-Based Fisheries Enhancement Co-Chairs: ● Dr. Wang Qingyin, Director of the Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute | Qingdao, CHINA

Wang Qingyin is the Director of Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences. He has been working on mariculture, genetic breeding and marine biotechnology for many years, and is a Ph D supervisor and chief scientist of key research areas of CAFS. He was the PI for more than 20 national and provincial level research projects, and has published more than 260 research papers, 13 books (as chief author or editor), and has obtained nine Chinese patents. As the PI of the project ‘The Yellow Sea No.1 Fenneropenaeus chinensis New Variety and Its Healthy Culture Techniques’, he won the second award of National Science and Technology Invention in 2007. He has also won several provincial or ministerial level science awards. He chairs several professional societies, including the Mariculture Sub-society

of China Society of Fisheries, Fisheries Consultancy Committee of Shandong Province and Shandong Fisheries Society, and is the Vice Chair of National Steering Committee for the 4th International Symposium on Stock Enhancement and Sea Ranching (Shanghai, 2011). ● Dr. Ken Leber, Associate Vice President for Directorate of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mote Marine Laboratory | Sarasota, Florida, USA

Ken Leber is director of the Center for Fisheries Enhancement at the Mote Marine Laboratory and program manager of Marine Stock Enhancement Program. Dr. Leber joined Mote in August 1996 as a senior scientist and director of the Center for Fisheries Enhancement. He occupies the Charles M. Breder Chair, which was established at Mote to support the study of biology, behavior, and conservation of fishes. Prior to joining Mote, Dr. Leber was program manager of the Stock-Enhancement Program at the Oceanic Institute in Waimanalo, Hawaii. Since 1985, his research has focused on marine fish and crustacean aquaculture technology; development and evaluation of responsible hatchery-release technology for replenishing depleted populations; development of a prototype marine stock-

enhancement program for the State of Hawaii; and testing and refining coastal stock-enhancement techniques in Florida. Dr. Leber received a Ph.D. in Marine Ecology from Florida State University in 1983.

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Progress and Challenges of Marine Renewable Energy Co-Chairs: ● Dr. Young C. Kim, Professor of Civil Engineering, Emeritus, California State University, Los Angeles, USA

Young C. Kim is currently a Professor Emeritus of Civil Engineering at California State University, Los Angeles. Other academic positions held include a Visiting Scholar of Coastal Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley (1971); a NATO Senior Fellow in Science at the Delft University of Technology and Delft Hydraulics Laboratory in the Netherlands (1975); and a Visiting Scientist at the Osaka City University for the National Science Foundation’s U.S.-Japan Cooperative Science Program (1976). For more than a decade, he served as Chair of the Department of Civil Engineering, and recently he was Associate Dean of the College of Engineering. For his dedicated teaching and outstanding professional activities, he was awarded

the university- wide Outstanding Professor Award in 1994. He was a consultant to the U.S. Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory in Port Hueneme and later, he became a consultant to the Science Engineering Associates in San Marino where he investigated wave forces on the Howard-Doris platform structure, now being placed in Ninian Field, North Sea. Since 1998, he has served as Chair of the California Chapter and as a member of the International Board of Directors of PACON. He served as the Program Coordinator of Coastal Science and Technology at PACON conferences (2000 to 2007) and was the Conference General Co-Chair of PACON 2001. He delivered the keynote lecture entitled “Progress and Challenges of Coastal Engineering” at PACON 2002. Dr. Kim was a recipient of the Distinguished Member Award in 2000, Ocean Service Award in 2001, and PACON International Award in 2004. He was also PACON’s President from 2008-2010 and is currently the Past-President. Dr. Kim is the past chair of the Executive Committee of the Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). Recently, he served as chair of the Nominating Committee of the International Association of Hydraulic Engineering and Research (IAHR). Dr. Kim has been involved in organizing 10 national and international conferences, has authored three books, and has published 52 technical papers in various engineering journals. Currently, he is an editor of Handbook of Coastal and Ocean Engineering to be published by the World Scientific Publishing Company. ● Dr. Ki-Dai Yum, Past President, Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute | KOREA

Ki-Dai Yum has been a PACON member since 1993 and is currently the PACON Korea Chapter Chair. Dr. Yum received the PACON Service Award in 2004 and Ocean Service Award in 2007. He is a Coastal Engineer and President of the Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute (KORDI) in Seoul, Korea. He studied civil engineering at Seoul National University in 1972 and gained an engineering doctorate at the University of Paris in 1983. After receiving his doctorate, he has been working for KORDI as a researcher, division head, and vice president. Dr. Yum also served in the advisory committees of Ministry of Maritime & Fisheries, Ministry of Defense, and Ministry of Science and Technology. _

Tsunami Disaster ● Chair: Dr. Charles L. Mader

Charles Mader is President of Mader Consulting Co, and a Retired Fellow of the Los Alamos National Laboratory. He is a Fellow of the American Institute of Chemists and listed in Who's Who in American and in the World. He is author of the monographs Numerical Modeling of Explosives and and Numerical Modeling of Water Waves published by CRC Press. Dr. Mader was the editor of the journal Science of Tsunami Hazards for over 20 years.

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Effects of Ocean Acidification Co-Chairs: ● Dr. Emily R. Hall, Staff Scientist & Program Manager, Ocean Acidification Program, Mote Marine Laboratory | Sarasota, Florida, USA

Emily Hall, Ph.D. is the Manager and staff scientist of the Ocean Acidification Program at Mote Marine Laboratory in Sarasota, Florida. She is currently involved with developing an ocean acidification testing facility (OAFTERU) at the Mote Marine Tropical Research Laboratory in Summerland Key, Florida, research on effects of ocean acidification on Florida corals and coral reef ecosystems, applying concepts such as forecasting ocean acidification effects on coral reef ecosystem species, and multiple public outreach programs with local high schools. She also has extensive background in nutrient patterns in relation to harmful algal blooms in the west-central coast of Florida, investigating sources of nutrients in aquatic systems using stable isotopes and other tracers, and developing local light attenuation models. Dr. Hall is also currently an adjunct

professor at Ringling College of Art and Design in the Environmental Studies Department where she has developed a program called “The Art of Marine Science” – a joint effort between Mote scientists and Ringling College art students to present complex ecological issues to the public in a unique way. ● Dr. Denise Yost, Postdoctoral Scholar, Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa | Honolulu, Hawai‘i, USA

Denise Yost is currently a Post-Doctoral Scholar at the Hawai’i Institute of Marine Biology working in Dr. Ruth Gates’ lab where her expertise in physiology has expanded the scope of the lab’s symbiosis research. Denise focuses her research on physiological, biochemical, structural and genomic properties of scleractinian corals and Symbiodinium, how they interact, and how adaptations enable corals to live under conditions of environmental stress. Her work integrates in situ environmental studies with focused laboratory experiments and novel technologies, including pyrosequencing and confocal microscopy, to explore the ecophysiology of coral-algal associations. She has led research and collaborative projects in Washington state, Belize, Bermuda, Hawai’i,

Taiwan, and American Samoa. Her most recent project is a collaborative effort with the Waikiki aquarium to study the effects of ocean acidification on Indo-Pacific corals. Dr. Yost studied nutrient translocation in temperate anemones for her M.Sc. (Washington State University) and the regulation and function of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and DMSP lyase in scleractinian corals and Symbiodinium for her Ph.D. (University of Maryland). Denise has also studied coral stress biology and the toxicological effects of copper and oil/oil dispersants, worked in genetics and physiology for the USDA and held an adjunct faculty position at St. Mary’s College of Maryland.

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Sustainable Use and Conservation of Marine Resources through Sato-Umi and Integrated Local Environmental Knowledge Co-Chairs: ● Dr. Tetsuo Yanagi, Center for East Asian Ocean-Atmosphere Research, Kyushu University | JAPAN

Tetsuo Yanagi received his B.S., M.S., and PhD in Science from Kyoto University. In 1974 he was a Research Associate in the department of ocean engineering at Ehime University and worked his way up to associate professor. In 1990 Dr. Yanagi became a professor of coastal engineering in the department of civil and ocean engineering at Ehime University. Eight years later, Dr. Yanagi transferred to the Coastal Oceanography Research Institute for Applied Mechanics (RIAM) at the Kyushu University. In 2008 Dr. Yanagi became the Director of the Research Institute for Applied Mechanics at Kyushu University. Dr. Yanagi was awarded the Prize of Japan-France Oceanographic Society in 1986 and the Prize of Good Book in Ehime

Prefecture in 1989. He was also a SAP member if IGBP/START/SARCS from 1993 to 1997 and an SSC member of IGBP/LOICZ from 1993 to 1998. He has published "Coastal Oceanography" with Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1999 and "Sato-Umi: A new concept for sea management" in 2007 with TERRAPUB, Tokyo. ● Dr. Shinichiro Kakuma, Fisheries Extension Center, Okinawa Prefectural Government | JAPAN

Shinichiro Kakuma, Ph.D. is a vice director in Fisheries Extension Center of Okinawa Prefectural Government, Japan. He specializes in co-management of coastal fisheries resources, marine protected areas and Satoumi in the tropics and subtropics.

New Directions of Sustainability: New Technology and Financial Innovation and Policy Co-Chairs: ● King Burch, Special Assistant to the Director, International Center for Climate and Society | UH Manoa | Honolulu, Hawai‘i, USA ● Dr. Lorenz Magaard, Professor Emeritus in the Department of Oceanography | University of Hawai‘i at Manoa | Honolulu, Hawai‘i, USA

Lorenz Magaard has been a member of PACON since 1991 and is currently the Past-President. He served as Chair of the PACON Hawaii Chapter for many years, and as the general chair for the PACON 2007 and PACON 2008 conferences. He was awarded the PACON Service Award in 1998, the PACON International Award in 2000, and the PACON Fellow Award in 2007. Dr. Magaard is currently a Professor Emeritus in the Department of Oceanography at the University of Hawaii at Manoa and the Founding Director of the International Center for Climate and Society (ICCS) whose mission is “to develop improved methods of utilizing socio-economic innovation to mitigate and adapt to climate fluctuations and change”. Dr. Magaard earned his B.S., M.S. and PhD degrees from the University of Kiel, Germany (major: mathematics; minors: physics and oceanography). He came to Hawaii in 1974 and became

Professor in the Department of Oceanography in 1975. He served as chairperson of that department from 1984 to 1990 and again from 2005 to 2006. He was also the Associate Dean of the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST) from 1992 until 2000. While he has worked on problems in physical oceanography for more than 40 years, he is now fully concentrating on research and education in the area of climate and society and is developing a unique cross-disciplinary doctoral program: Environmental Finance.

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PACON 2012 SCHEDULE BY SESSIONS

NUMBER

SESSION TITLE

CHAIR (S)

DATE / TIME Session 1

General Research/Monitoring & Education/Outreach

TBD

Mon, Dec 10

8:15 a.m.- 9:30 a.m. Session 2

Sustainable Use and Conservation of Marine Resources through Sato-Umi and Integrated Local Environmental Knowledge

Dr. Tetsuo Yanagi Dr. Shinichiro Kakuma Genevieve Brighouse

Mon, Dec 10

10:00 a.m.- 12:00 p.m

Session 3

Sustainable Use and Conservation of Marine Resources through Sato-Umi and Integrated Local Environmental Knowledge

Dr. Tetsuo Yanagi Dr. Shinichiro Kakuma Genevieve Brighouse

Mon, Dec 10

1:00 p.m.- 3:00 p.m.

Session 4

Effects of Ocean Acidification

Dr. Emily R. Hall Dr. Denise Yost

Mon, Dec 10

3:30 p.m. – 5:30 p.m. Session 5

Engineering and Technology Development

TBD

Tues, Dec 11

8:00 a.m.- 9:30 a.m. Session 6A

Engineering and Technology Development

TBD

Tues, Dec 11

10:00 a.m.- 12:00 p.m Sessino 6B

Marine Fisheries Enhancement – Artificial Reef-Based Fisheries Enhancement

Dr. Yoshihiro Suenaga Dr. Ken Leber

Tues, Dec 11

10:00 a.m.- 12:00 p.m Session 7A

New Directions of Sustainability: New Technology and Financial Innovation and Policy

Dr. Lorenz Magaard King Burch

Tues, Dec 11

1:00 p.m.- 3:00 p.m.

Session 7B

Marine Fisheries Enhancement – Aquaculture-Based Fisheries Enhancement

Dr. Wang Qingyin Dr. Ken Leber

Tues, Dec 11

1:00 p.m.- 3:00 p.m. Session 8A

New Directions of Sustainability: New Technology and Financial Innovation and Policy

Dr. Lorenz Magaard King Burch

Tues, Dec 11

3:30 p.m. – 5:30 p.m.

Session 8B

Marine Fisheries Enhancement – Aquaculture-Based Fisheries Enhancement

Dr. Wang Qingyin Dr. Ken Leber

Tues, Dec 11

3:30 p.m. – 5:30 p.m. Session 9

Tsunami Disaster

Dr. Charles L. Mader

Wed, Dec 12

8:30 a.m.- 9:30 a.m. Session 10

Tsunami Disaster

Dr. Charles L. Mader

Wed, Dec 12

10:00 a.m.- 12:00 p.m. Session 11

Progress and Challenges of Marine Renewable Energy

Dr. Young C. Kim Dr. Ki-Dai Yum

Wed, Dec 12

1:00 p.m. – 3:00 p.m.

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UNDERWATER VEHICLES AND LEGOS IN K-12 CLASSROOMS

Michael R. C. Andonian

University of Hawai`i at Manoa, Department of Mathematics, Honolulu, Hawai`i USA

The University of Hawai`i at Manoa Math Department has created several outreach programs such as the Hawai'i chapter of the Student Teacher Outreach Mentorship Program (S.T.O.M.P.: http://math.hawaii.edu/stomp/STOMP/), the Math Teachers' Circle of Hawai`i (MaTCH: http://superm.math.hawaii.edu/?q=MaTCH), and the School and University Partnership for Educational Renewal in Mathematics (SUPER-M: http://superm.math.hawaii.edu/). In particular, S.T.O.M.P. has been engaging K-12 schools with an underwater robotics curriculum for about five years. Within this curriculum, undergraduate STOMP mentors instruct classroom lessons on basic marine terminology, computer logic, and hydrodynamics. All this knowledge is supplemented with LEGO RCX kits, waterproofed by STOMP mentors. Students build their own underwater vehicles and complete challenges based on the knowledge they have learned. Challenges have ranged from simple navigation to programming the LEGO underwater vehicle to “autonomously” retrieve an object. This outreach curriculum provides K-12 students with information on maritime engineering, specifically AUVs, ROVs, elementary computer programming, and hydrodynamics. ACROSS-TRACK BEAM SHAPING FOR ENHANCED BOTTOM CLASSIFICATION

WITH SIDESCAN SONAR

John S Bird1, Stephen K. Pearce1 and Geoff K. Mullins2

1School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, CANADA

2JKL Research Ltd., Vancouver, CANADA

Sidescan sonar is a used for classifying and mapping the bottom composition of environmentally sensitive regions such as coral reefs and conservation areas. Classification methods require that the bottom be faithfully represented by the returning sonar signal. However, the wide across-track beam of sidescan sonar systems intersects the surface as well as the bottom in many applications and this intersection has the potential of generating interfering signals from multi-path propagation and surface scattering. These interfering signals contaminate the bottom signal making classification impossible, or worse, the interference results in misclassification leading to misleading results. This paper describes research conducted to investigate the potential benefit of array processing to control the across-track beam shape so that interfering signals are eliminated. A prototype vertically stacked multi-element sidescan array was constructed and a survey of a rockfish conservation area conducted. Examples of multi-path and surface scattering contamination are presented. It is shown that time dependent array processing to control the across-track beam shape eliminates or greatly reduces the interference and enhances the potential of proper bottom classification.

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NATURAL & CULTURAL RESOURCE APPROACH TO MANAGEMENT

Genevieve Brighouse

NOAA National Marine Sanctuary, Pago Pago, AMERICAN SAMOA

Re-engaging and bringing to the forefront traditional local knowledge of inter-connectiveness of ocean use by protecting natural and cultural resources together has been a mission of the soon to be National Marine Sanctuary of American Samoa program. With local input, involvement and implementation, a new paradigm has emerged south of the equator, where a cultural celebration of tools, techniques, practices and programs are being revived to shape ocean stewardship activities on the ground in American Samoa. Challenges, Lessons Learned and Recommended activities are to be shared to help inform other island areas that have similar efforts in the Pacific.

BRIDGING THE CHASM: A FINANCIAL PERSPECTIVE ON ANALYZING NATURAL CATASTROPHE RISK

John Brynjolfsson

Armored Wolf, Irvine, CA USA

Globally, installed photovoltaics has grown by a factor of 22 between 2001 and 2010,which is one doubling every two years. Photovoltaics is now competitive in many countries causing continued high growth. This will cause problems in most countries, e.g. negative price on spot markets for excess electricity or competition with electricity from base load power plants which cannot cope well due to low flexibility. One possible solution would be transmitting excess electricity during summer of one hemisphere to the other hemisphere which has winter and low generation of solar electricity. Sending electricity back and forth has become economic through ultra-high voltage DC lines. An intercontinental grid which is a likely candidate to be build, as it is economic and offers many advantages, is the connection between China and other Asian countries and Australia. Everybody involved would benefit, e.g. countries along this grid such as Indonesia. Political will to overcome problems in energy supply is strong in China and activities in photovoltaics are high in China and now also Australia and other countries of the PacificRim.

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MARINE RANCHING IN NORTHERN SOUTH CHINA SEA

Pimao Chen and Chuanxin Qin

Fishery Resources Division, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute

Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, CHINA

The earliest artificial reef deployment with 4,654 reef units was conducted from 1981 to 1987 in several coastal cities of Guangdong. There is an ongoing plan approved by Guangdong government in 2000 that 100 artificial reef areas will be built in Guangdong coasts. Till now 33 artificial reef areas have been set up, which the total area is 282.64 km2 and the volume sums up to 40 million m3. In recent years about 50 million juvenile fishes, 700 million juvenile shrimps and 250 tons of shellfishes will be released each year. The areas of shellfish farm zones and algae farming zones have been enlarged to 250 thousand hectares and 130 thousand acres separately after years of development. In Guangdong the costal marine eco-ranching mode combined with artificial reefs has been used widely already and is proved to be very helpful to fishery restoration and maintaining eco-balance. Keywords: marine ranching; artificial reef; releasing; Guangdong coasts

STUDY AND CONSTRUCTION OF MODERN MARINE RANCHING IN NORTH YELLOW SEA, CHINA

Chen Yong, Tian Tao and Liu Yonghu

Center for Marine Ranching Engineering Science Research of Liaoning Province

Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, CHINA

Marine ranching is the sustainable developmental mode of fishery production, and also the effective ways to solve the question of depleted stocks. Modern marine ranching in Zhangzidao island was constructed based on ecosystem by the study and integration of construction of artificial habitat, releasing of seeds, taming of fish behavior, environmental monitoring, management technology of marine ranching. In the past ten years, we deployed 100,000 hollow cubes artificial reefs in total, which restored the seabed ecosystem especially Laminaria japonica and Undaria pinnatifida algae bed. Combined with releasing of seeds, the stock was restored effectively. By taming of behavior of Sebastes schlegeli and hexagrammos otakii, we could control the swimming range of fish to a certain extent. Using the modern information technology, we monitored the ecological environment of marine ranching in real-time online, for example, water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and chlorophyll. Marine ranching in Zhangzidao Island set an example for construction of the same style marine ranching.

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CONTRIBUTION OF CONSTRUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL REEFS TO FISHERY CARBON SINKS

Guan Changtao 1*, Li Jiao1, Cui Yong1, Chen Jufa1, Yuan Wei1 and Yang Baoqing2

1Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences

Qingdao, CHINA

2Production Management Station of Marine Capture Fisheries of Shandong Province Yantai, Shandong, CHINA

As a new fishery mode of low-carbon economy, the construction of artificial reefs and marine ranching has been given very high degree of importance along the coast of Shandong province of China. Since the year of 2000, the total investment on the construction of artificial reefs and marine ranching in the province is over 123 million USD. More than 8 million cubic meters of artificial reefs have been set up, which formed 155 artificial reef districts with total area of 14,500 hm². The new sustainable fishery production has been in certain scale and the economic and social effects are obvious. Moreover, with the new concept of carbon sink fishery being put forward in China, the contribution of the construction of artificial reefs and marine ranching to the carbon sinks has been studied and recognized gradually. This presentation gives a general description of the researches and construction of artificial reefs in Shandong province and also discusses the factors and contribution of fishery carbon sinks in the area of artificial reefs.

AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES: TRAJECTORY DESIGN USING GEOMETRIC CONTROL

Monique Chyba and Michael Andonian

University of Hawai`i at Manoa, Department of Mathematics, Honolulu, Hawai`i USA

Autonomous mechanical systems have been and will be the future of technological development for many years. Even as the maritime community looks in the direction of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) for vast bathymetric mapping endeavors, cavern exploration, and potential a mission to Europa, there are challenges and dangers that must be addressed. Specifically, the AUV losing control of thrusters and/or degrees of freedom is a significant blow to the mission at hand. This research focuses on this situation of AUV underactuation by applying general mathematical techniques to the specific mechanical system of the AUV. With this theory, one can determine trajectories and potential complete a mission, or return the AUV safely, even in the event of underactuation. To highlight the practicality of the applied mathematics, simulations of an underactuated AUV navigating through the reef of Hanauma Bay, evolving with the thruster configuration scenario, will be shown.

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SUBMARINE GROUNDWATER DISCHARGE AND CO2 DYNAMICS AT KIHOLO BAY, HAWAII

Steven Colbert and Louise Economy

Marine Science Department, University of Hawai`i at Hilo, Hawai`i, USA

Aragonite saturation in the coastal ocean is reduced by freshwater inputs and further reduced by ocean acidification. Predicting carbonate saturation requires considering all sources of CO2, including rivers and groundwater. Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) may be enriched in CO2, but nearshore processes can allow for equilibration with the atmosphere. At Kiholo Bay, HI, SGD into a fishpond accumulated total CO2 (TCO2) from the decay of organic matter. But before entering the coastal ocean, about 10% of the TCO2 was removed by degassing as water flowed through a shallow channel, with a flux of 1940 mol CO2/d. In the bay, aragonite saturation was reduced compared to the open ocean Station ALOHA. Despite stratification that limits the impact of freshwater on benthic organisms like corals, spikes of reduced salinity were observed at 2.5 m water depth, indicating vertical mixing of freshwater, likely due to wave activity. Looking ahead, the impact of acidification on the coastal ocean will be complicated by changes in the freshwater supply, which will change with precipitation and land use patterns.

METHANE HYDRATE - GOOD NEWS/BAD NEWS – A PUBLIC POLICY PERSPECTIVE

Jerome M. Comcowich

International Center for Climate and Society, University of Hawai`i at Manoa

Honolulu, Hawai`i USA

The anticipated long-term shortages of fuel supplies have prompted the United States and other countries throughout the world to explore and secure new energy sources. As a consequence, methane has become a leading energy carrier of interest. Environmental scientists and production engineers recently have begun to address whether the vast deposits of methane hydrate can be tapped safely to produce large quantities of a new, cost-effective, clean-burning fuel. While uncertainties exist concerning the nature of these deposits and how best to extract the fuel gas they contain, scientists agree on two key points: First, unburned methane released into the atmosphere has about 20 times the global warming potential as carbon dioxide, and second, the quantity of methane stored in hydrate beneath the seafloor and in permafrost is at least equal to all other worldwide fossil fuel reserves. Numerous economic, social and environmental issues must be addressed in conjunction with the technologies being developed to extract methane from these deposits. One of these issues is global warming, which may both affect and be impacted by the development of the global hydrate carbon reservoir.

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THE DELUZE FUSION REACTORS

James R. DeLuze

University of Hawai`i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawai`i, USA

A U.S. patented and patent pending family of concentric and radially symmetrical AC particle accelerators. AC drive provides ionization, target impact, incremental power control, and introduction and extraction of waste and fuel. Periodic polarity changes provide sequential repetition of ionization, assembly and ion impact with fusion, disassembly, reverse acceleration with reformation of neutral gases. A time and place of exchange of exhaust and fuel. An opposite polarity sequence transmits thermal energy outward. Control of AC drive potential continuously drives this cyclic action on off sequence of reactions resulting in controllability, stability, and safety. Reactors can be spheres, cylinders, toroids, coiled helixes, and all concentric and radially symmetrical shapes. Phase I reactors have a target of material substance such as titanium. Power is limited by the sustainable operational temperature of the target. Phase II reactors have a virtual target. Head on collision of ions provide for fusion of light hydrogen. Power is limited by the sustainable operational temperature of an outer envelope distant from the reacting mass, permitting higher power levels for a given size.

THE IMPLICATIONS OF CONTROLLED HOT HYDROGEN FUSION

James R. DeLuze

University of Hawai`i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawai`i, USA

Controlled fusion will change the course of humanity as did the invention of the light bulb. Besides light, it brought electronics. Fusion means revolutionary, explosive, and synergistic combinations of technology, science, and society going in unimagined directions. All engineering design priorities change in light of a harnessed primary energy source. Safe, unlimited, and clean: energy, water, waste recycling, oil recovery, and propulsion of all vehicles: marine, surface, and aerospace. A sustainable energy source for 1,005 trillion years. Safely controlling the weather...A hurricane buster. Economical, environmentally friendly fresh water for irrigation and consumption. Carbon dioxide recycling into natural gas and clean liquid fuels. Carbon mining for petrochemicals. Pollution-free marine, surface, and aerospace engines capable unimagined performance. A trip to Mars in days! Transmutation recycling of radioactive waste... to innocuous elements like oxygen. A means of solid, fluid, and gas recycling of all wastes in reduction back to precursor materials comprising: gases and fluids including hydrocarbons, nitrogen, water, and industrial gases like chlorine and fluorine; and hot liquids which solidify: salts, glass, metals, and minerals.

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PROJECT OF A 300 WATT PROTOTYPE FUSION REACTOR

James R. DeLuze

Hurricane Busters Incorporated, Honolulu, Hawai`i, USA

A project to complete the engineering, manufacturing, and test operation of a 300 watt spherical DeLuze fusion reactor. Detailed operational descriptions are presented in: Apparatus for Hot Fusion of Fusion Reactive Gases; US Patent 8,090,071 B2 issued on 1/3/2012. Considerable materials and manufacturing engineering has already been completed. Suppliers of appropriate materials able to meet the exacting specifications of this job have been engaged. A machine shop with sufficient equipment, experience, and engineering support has been procured. Drafting is 30-40% completed. Specialized component electrical engineering is about 40% complete. Materials and electrical engineering and project layout design is basically complete. The reactor is to be run on deuterium and or tritium; with and without the catalyst gas tetradeuteromethane. Operational parameters of voltage, current draw, temperature, gas pressure, gas mass spectrum, neutron and other radiation output levels will be recorded to calculate power levels, stability, gain and related factors. Operational maps predictive of larger devices will be derived.

SENSITIVITY OF HURRICANES TO RISING OCEAN TEMPERATURE

James Elsner

Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA

A statistical model for the intensity of the strongest hurricanes has been developed and a new methodology introduced for estimating the sensitivity of the strongest hurricanes to changes in sea-surface temperature. Here we use this methodology on observed hurricanes and hurricanes generated from two global climate models (GCMs). Hurricanes over the North Atlantic during the period 1981-2010 show a sensitivity of 8 m/s/K when overseas hotter than 25C. In contrast, hurricanes over the same region and period generated from the GFDL HiRAM show a significantly lower sensitivity with the highest at 1.8 m/s/K. Similar insensitivity is found using hurricanes generated from the FSU COAPS model. Results suggest some caution should be exercised when interpreting current GCM projections of future tropical cyclone intensity.

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THE EFFECT OF TUBE DIAMETER ON AIR-LIFT ARTIFICIAL UPWELLING

Wei Fan1,3, Clark C.K. Liu2, John C. Wiltshire1 and Ying Chen3

1School of Ocean & Earth Science & Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA 2Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA

3Department of Ocean Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, CHINA

Air-lift pumps for artificial upwelling of ocean water are finding increasing use as marine primary productivity could be enhanced by pumping nutrient-rich deep water to the surface to feed phytoplankton and mimicking natural upwelling which sustains most productive ocean fishing grounds in the world. This paper is concerned with theoretical analysis to obtain the effect of tube diameter on the mechanism of air-lift upwelling in vertical air-water flow. A theoretical model is proposed, which allow the prediction of the water and air flow rates, the corresponding maximum efficiency and the relative influence of tube diameter on the efficiency of the air-lift pump. The present results show that the tube diameter can affect efficiency of the air-lift pump by varying flow velocity, thus increasing or decreasing the frictional energy losses and the kinetic energy losses. However, that makes it significantly more difficult to deploy a long, heavy pipe in maritime operations. Moreover, large diameter pipes are easier to bend or break under the action of ocean currents. When all the above factors are considered simultaneously, a midrange pipe diameter is optimum.

POWER OF STORYTELLING: BUILDING A LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL KNOWLEDGE PLATFORM FOR SATO-UMI GOVERNANCE

Mayumi Fukunaga

Osaka Prefecture University, Institute for Eco-Science, Osaka, JAPAN

Old-timers’ stories on their experiences and memories with nature attract people who listen to them, and sharing the telling-listening process provides us not only a chance to have historical local ecological knowledge, but also to build social capital among various individuals and groups as storytellers and listeners. “Kiki-Gaki,” a sociological narrative method inquiry has captured attentions among Japanese stakeholders including researchers in the fields of natural resource management over the past decade, as what supports adaptive governance and resource co-management by inspiring motivations and developing incentives among local stakeholders, by producing shared contexts, values and social norms, and by forming collective local identity among involved people. With Sato-Umi case studies, this presentation will show the “Kiki-Gaki” inquiry can take a role as a local environmental knowledge (LEK) platform, where diverse local stakeholders produce or re-organize their LEK, adopting scientific knowledge in the local contexts. We will also find out that this platform can cultivate the sense of local autonomy and intergenerational ethics in the resource management practices.

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A STUDY REGARDING LOGISTIC OF DISASTER WASTE DISPOSAL IN TOHOKU COASTAL AREA

Hideo Furuhashi,Takamasa Miyazaki and Shunsuke Miyahara

College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Narashino, Chiba JAPAN

This study investigates the processing system of the disaster waste in the Tohoku coastal area that was created by the tsunamis caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake. The disaster revealed that Japan had not established a viable logistic system that efficiently processes the disaster waste, much of which is still left untended at the epicenter of the disaster.This paper proposes a competent venous physical distribution system and a placement plan of disposal facilities through calculating the environmental load of the wide-area management that has been conducted based on the position information of accumulated disaster waste of the disaster. The definitive purpose of this study is to contribute to the market expansion of environmental industry which presupposes regional restoration as in the Global Green New Deal, proposed by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP).

TINRO’S FISHERIES RESEARCH IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA

Dr. Gennadiy Gavrilov

Pacific Scientific Research Fisheries Center (TINRO-Center), Far East Federal University, Russkiy Island Universitey campus, Vladivostok, RUSSIA

Pacific Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (TINRO) began studies of biological resources in the Vietnam EEZ in 1959 and continued until the end of 1961 beginning in the Gulf of Tonkin, and then from 1979 to 1988 in the whole Vietnam EEZ and over adjacent waters of the South China Sea. Such research was conducted over Cambodia EEZ in the mid 1980s. Basing on 20 marine expeditions to the Vietnam EEZ and to the adjacent waters of the South China Sea, including 7 voyages exploration in the Cambodia EEZ. According to the results of marine expeditions there were evaluated biological resources in these marine areas being estimated at 3.6 million tons, where the capacity to harvest 0.61 million tons of benthic fish and 0.43 million tons of pelagic fish and invertebrates was available for sustainable use. From 1260 species of the fish catch the basis is about 100 species from 27 families in the Vietnam EEZ, and 440 species in the Cambodia EEZ that is totally no more than one third of the sea species. In marine waters of Cambodia EEZ fishing could reach up to 20 000 tons a year. The commercial fish concentrations for trawling are absent in both pelagic zones. From a large number of the investigated by TINRO bottom elevations in the South China Sea open waters, commercial concentrations were .registered periodically only on 3-4 researched elevations. Above-mentioned data were compared to the modern surveys and reported catches volumes as well, therefore to discuss overfishing would be unreasonable, because of low fishing press. Having in mind the progress in oil and gas wells working rigs there is danger of contamination and damage for ecosystems sustainability.

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COMPETITIVE ELECTRICITY FROM PHOTOVOLTAICS

Wolf Grossmann1, Iris Grossmann2 and Karl Steininger3

1University of Graz, Austria, Wegener Center; University of Hawai`i, Honolulu, Hawai`i USA

2Carneghie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA 3Department of Economics, University of Graz, AUSTRIA

Renewable electricity is becoming competitive, in particular from photovoltaics (PV). This development is highly desirable given problems with fossil energy, e.g. pronounced fluctuations of its costs, major environmental impacts and security of energy supply. All major criteria for PV are becoming very favorable with the exception of intermittency of insolation due to the rhythms of day and night, summer and winter and clouds. Long-distance electricity transmission has recently become practical. We show how Pan-Asian energy links can overcome intermittency. Very different Pan-Asian configurations are possible so that PACON could become an international forum for nations and islands of the Pacific to support collaboration in this most important environmental, economic and political development.

COPING WITH FAST RISE OF PHOTOVOLTAICS FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATION

Wolf Grossmann1,2 and Lorenz Magaard1

1University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA

2University of Graz - Austria, Wegener Center, AUSTRIA

Globally, installed photovoltaics have grown by a factor of 22 between 2001 and 2010, which is one doubling every two years. Photovoltaics are now competitive in many countries causing continued high growth. This will cause problems in most countries, e.g. negative price on spot markets for excess electricity or competition with electricity from base load power plants which cannot cope well due to low flexibility. One possible solution would be transmitting excess electricity during summer of one hemisphere to the other hemisphere which has winter and low generation of solar electricity. Sending electricity back and forth has become economic through ultra-high voltage DC lines. An intercontinental grid which is a likely candidate to be build, as it is economic and offers many advantages, is the connection between China and other Asian countries and Australia. Everybody involved would benefit, e.g. countries along this grid such as Indonesia. Political will to overcome problems in energy supply is strong in China and activities in photovoltaics are high in China and now also Australia and other countries of the Pacific Rim.

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TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSORS

AND SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY IN A CORAL REEF

Oscar Guadayol, Nyssa Silbiger, Megan Donahue and Florence I.M. Thomas

Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa Honolulu, Hawai‘i, USA

Global climate change is altering the frequency of meteorological events. As a result, not only the mean, but also the variance and the range of physical and chemical stressors are changing. With the general objective of addressing in situ the effects of such changes on coral reefs, we first aimed to 1) determine the frequency distribution of physical and chemical parameters at temporal scales comparable to physiological rates, and 2) explore how these distributions may be spatially changing. To do so we conducted high-frequency measurements of temperature, pH and O2 along an offshore gradient on a reef in Kaneohe Bay, Hawai`i. Spectral analyses of this data showed that diurnal and tidal oscillations accounted for most of the variance, although the relative contribution of each frequency differed between the physically-only driven parameter (temperature), and the biologically reactive ones (pH and O2). Distributions changed dramatically along the transect: inshore sites showed wider daily and semi daily fluctuations, as well as steeper spectral density slopes. We will discuss these results in connection with mixing and atmospheric coupling.

DEVELOPMENT OF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION FLOW-THRU EXPERIMENTAL RACEWAY UNITS (OAFTERU)

Emily R. Hall1, David Vaughan2 and Michael P. Crosby1

1Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, Florida, USA

2Mote Tropical Research Laboratory, Summerland Key, Florida, USA

In order to calculate potential impacts of ocean acidification upon ecologically important species such as coral, it is essential to employ forecasted pH levels in manipulative experiments to determine physiological indices of such species. The Mote Tropical Research Laboratory (Mote TRL) in Summerland Key, Florida has an established deep well from which its supply of seawater is obtained. This well is unique in that it contains marine water with naturally high concentrations of CO2. We are currently testing methods for utilizing this seawater system as the foundation for ocean acidification studies with Florida Keys corals and other reef ecosystem species in both flow-through and large mesocosm-based designs. Advance knowledge of climate-driven trends in coral growth and health will permit improved modeling for prediction and more effectively guide policy decisions for how financial resources should be directed to protection and restoration of coral reef ecosystems. Developing such long term research infrastructure at Mote TRL will provide an optimum global research center for examining and modeling effects of ocean acidification.

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INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS OF SATOUMI IN CORAL REEFS, HARMONIZE

CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

Shinichiro Kakuma

Okinawa Government Fisheries Extension Center, Itoman Okinawa, JAPAN

Coral reefs and fisheries resources have been devastated in Okinawa similar to many Pacific islands. Major threats to the coral reefs include bleaching, crown-of-thorns starfish, soil runoff and excessive nutrients. Catches and stocks of coral reef fish have decreased greatly in the last 30 years mainly because of over-fishing. To conserve the coral reefs, one option is to protect pristine wilderness from all human impacts. In many cases, this would deprive local communities of essential ecosystem services, and would not be realistic. It is thus essential to harmonize the conservation and the sustainable use of the resources, especially in Asia-Pacific. Satoumi concepts are useful to realize this, and Marine Protected Areas could be good tools to create Satoumi. Besides technical, cultural or ethical aspects, institutional aspects of Satoumi are important. Village residents in Okinawa rely on the fishery resources inside the reefs as commons. However, as many sedentary resources are subject to common fishery rights, professional fishers have the right to harvest them. This complicated resource use system should be rearranged to create Satoumi.

CREATION OF SEAWEED BEDS BY ARTIFICIAL REEF INCLUDES THE POROUS MATERIAL

Takeshi Kameyama1, Shogo Inoue2, Tatsuya Matsuyama3, Kaori Yasuoka4,

Kuninao Tada5, Hisao Kakegawa2 and Yoshihiro Suenaga2

1Graduate School of Engineering, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Kagawa, JAPAN 2Faculty of Engineering, Kagawa University

3Nihon Kogyo Co, LTD 4Nittoc Construction Co, LTD

5Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University

There are many semi-enclosed bay in Seto Inland sea, Japan and the highest fisheries productive area in the world. On the other hand, red tide and oxygen depleted water have occurred frequently and harmful affect against processes of biological production. Therefore we developed an artificial reef with the functions of the current control and the high efficiency on adhesion of prey abundance. We tried realizing the former function by the structure and the latter by the porous material. This developed artificial reef includes the porous material. This structure generates distinctive upwelling or downward current above the sediment, which accelerates vertical mixture of bottom layer water. Moreover, we expect probability of fouling function of algae with this current control function. We examined the real sea bottom by measuring the concentration of algae and aggregation of fish juveniles. Verification researches in actual sea area on these functions are being performed at present and we introduce some results of these experiments.

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INTERNATIONAL STONE TIDAL WEIR SUMMIT IN SHIRAHO, JAPAN FOR

CREATING SATOUMI 2010

Masahito Kamimura

WWF Coral Reef Conservation and Research Centre, Isahigaki, Okinawa, JAPAN

The International Tidal Weir Summit was initiated through the restoration and use of Shiraho's traditional fishing gear called 'inkachi' and the subsequent gathering of representatives from other regions in the world where similar fish traps are located. Participants representing 12 countries and regions gathered at the Summit to share their own experiences and challenges. Further, in thinking about how Shiraho residents have revived their traditional cultural association with the sea, participants discussed the relationship between coastal biodiversity conservation and SATOUMI. At this summit, the slogan ""Local oceans protected by local people!"" points to our overall goal of continuing traditional human-ocean relationships. In order to communicate our common goal of maintaining coastal living and bountiful natural environment, participants signed the "International Stone Tidal Weirs Summit/Satoumi Joint Declaration." From here on, we hope that the participating regions will use this declaration to join hands and work together towards furthering traditional culture and biodiversity conservation.

HIGH-RESOLUTION 3D-MAPPING OF REEF EDGE AND REEF SLOPE USING MULTIBEAM BATHYMETRIC SONAR

Hironobu Kan1, Masayuki Nagao2, Yosuke Nakashima3, Tomoya Ohashi1, Kazuhisa Goto4, Nobuyuki Hori5, Yusuke Yokoyama6, Atsushi Suzuki2, Shin Takada7 and Kouichi Nakano7

1Graduate School of Education/ Natural Sciences, Okayama University, JAPAN

2Institute of Geology and Geoinformation, AIST, JAPAN 3Ariake National College of Technology, JAPAN

4International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University, JAPAN 5Department of Geography, Nara University, JAPAN

6Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, JAPAN 7Marine and Ocean Measurement Department, Toyo Corporation, JAPAN

The complex reef topography such as spurs and grooves are difficult to visualize. This study attempts to observe 3D measuring and mapping of outer reef slope using high-resolution multibeam bathymetric sonar. The survey was done off the southern coast of Kume Island in the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan. The minimum/maximum depth in the survey area is 0.2/284.7m in the measured area of 1.15 x 1.35 km. The reef topography is visualized with 2 m mesh-size for whole area, 1 m mesh-size for the area shallower than 60 m deep, and 0.2 m mesh-size at ~10 m deep. The bathymetric result was confirmed by SCUBA above the 40 m depth line. We observed the following topography in the surveyed area: 1: reef-edge spurs and grooves, 2: furrowed platform between 5 to 20 m deep, 3: reef channel cutting the furrowed platform, 4: submarine cliff between 20 - 40 m deep, 5: two lines of ramparts between 40 to 50 m deep, and 6: three scarps between 80 - 140 m deep.

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A STUDY REGARDING PLACEMENT PROPERTIES OF OPEN SPACES IN METROPOLITAN COASTAL AREAS

Yohei Kawagoe and Takamasa Miyazaki

College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Narashino, Chiba, JAPAN

Economic development has promoted urban settings on flatlands and eliminated natural vegetation colonies. Most of the residual vegetation colonies in large cities are substitute vegetations which are in either afforested areas or cultivated lands. The substitute vegetations are not native to these lands. Also, the vegetation distribution rates tend to be lower in the coastal areas than in the inland areas. Many parts of the coastal areas are reclaimed and developed lands that are highly utilized and have experienced frequent zoning changes. This has caused the obliteration of green spaces in the coastal areas. The scarcely secured vegetation colonies in the coastal areas are in designated lands for parks or in idle lands which have emerged because of the recent changes of industrial structure. This paper examines the possibility of a green-space placement plan that would contribute to the improvement of natural spaces, necessary for the urban functions of the coastal areas, by analyzing and evaluating the allocation patterns and the placement properties of the open spaces and the vegetation colonies in the coastal areas.

EFFICIENT HYDROGEN PRODUCTION BY USE OF GENE RECOMBINANT RHODOBACTER SPHAEROIDES

Hideki Kohno, Kazuaki Yoshimune, Junpei Kobayashi and Kenji Hotta

College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Chiba, JAPAN

Rhodobacter sphaeroides RV (RV) is a hydrogen-producing bacterium exhibiting the highest yield of hydrogen from organic acids producing bacteria. Co-fermentation of the RV strain with anaerobic bacteria is an efficient way of hydrogen production. In this study, two distinct isozymes of aldehyde dehydrogenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum were separately over expressed in the RV strain. Hydrogen yields of both of the recombinant strains were 1.4-fold higher than that of the RV strain in 21 mM acetate. In 43 mM acetate, the RVAD1 strain showed higher yield, though the RVAD2 strain showed lower yield as compared to that of the RV strain. In 64 mM acetate and all concentrations of lactate tested (21, 43 and 64 mM), the yields of the recombinant strains were lower than those of the RV strain. The intact (empty) expression plasmid increased the ALDH activity and had little effect on the hydrogen production in acetate; however, it decreased the production in lactate. At the beginning of the fermentation process, when very little hydrogen had been produced, the recombinant strains expressing the ALDH gene consumed smaller amounts of acetate compared to the wild-type strain.

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ESTABLISHMENT OF A METHOD FOR EVALUATING PERFORMANCE OF

VERTICAL-AXIS TYPE MARINE TURBINE

Tomoki Ikoma¹, Koichi Masuda¹, Chang-kyu Rheem², Naseru Nakazawa³

¹Department of Oceanic Architecture.&Eng., CST Nihon University, Chiba,Japan ²Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Megro,Tokyo,Japan

³Graduate School of Nihon University, Department of Oceanic Arch.&Eng, Chiba, Japan A purpose of this study is to establish a method for evaluating the performance of vertical axis type marine turbine with a higher precision by using theoretical calculations method. A vortex element method is applied to method for evaluating performance of the vertical axis type marine turbine. The validity of the vortex element method is examined by comparing the experimental results with the numerical results by the present method. As a result, the validity of present method is made clear.

ESTIMATION ON DIFFUSION AREA OF NUTRIENT LOAD FROM RIVER

Masashi Miyagawa2, Yuri Kumagai1, Masahide Ishiduka1, Hirofumi Kakudo1, Hee Do Ahn3 and Yoshihiro Suenaga1

1Faculty of Engineering, Kagawa University, Hayashi, Takamatsu, Kagawa, JAPAN

2Kagawa Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station, Yashima, Takamatsu, Kagawa, JAPAN 3Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Seoul, KOREA

Kagawa prefecture is located at the eastern part of the Seto Inland Sea where concentration of nutrition in sea water especially in winter laver culture season is on a declining trend recent years, that causes damage such as decoloration of cultured laver frequently. In this research, we estimated the diffusion situation of nutrition loaded from one river into the sea where tidal current is swift by numerical calculation in order to obtain basic information investigating measure against decoloration of laver culture. Consequently, it was suggested that the load of nutrition from river into the sea where tidal current is rapid would be reached to the area of laver culture. For the future, management techniques on concentration of nutrition in the sea should be developed by further numerical calculation including more sources of nutrition load such as rivers and so on.

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THE SECURITIZATION OF REINSURANCE

Morton Lane

Lane Financial LLC, University of Illinois

Wilmette, Illinois, USA

The last decade has seen an increasing amount of catastrophic [Re]insurance transferred directly to the capital markets via Insurance Linked Securities. Some estimate that as much as 10-15% of the market is from that source. This has made more transparent the price of transferring risk, particularly those risks associated with natural catastrophes. Similar advances have been made in sidecars, collateralized reinsurance and industry weighted coverages. This paper presents a status report on the market and the implications for traditional underwriters. One consequence of these advances is more reliance on models for risk assessments. This includes assessments that distinguish between warm sea surface temperatures and standard levels. An interesting component is therefore how much additional price is charged for elevated sea temperatures. The paper will make some observations on this phenomenon.

RESPONSIBLE APPROACH TO MARINE STOCK ENHANCEMENT: AN UPDATE

Ken Leber1, Kai Lorenzen2 and H. Lee Blankenship3

1Directorate of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, Florida, USA 2Program in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, School of Forest Resources and Conservation,

University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA 3Northwest Marine Technology, Olympia, Washington, USA

Marine stock enhancement is a set of management approaches involving the release of cultured organisms to enhance or restore fisheries. Such practices, including sea ranching, stock enhancement, and restocking, are widespread, of variable success, and often controversial. A set of principles aimed at promoting responsible development of restocking, stock enhancement, and sea ranching has been proposed by Blankenship and Leber [American Fisheries Society Symposia 15: 167–175 (1995)], and has gained widespread acceptance as the ‘Responsible Approach’. Fisheries science and management, in general, and many aspects of fisheries enhancement have developed rapidly since the responsible approach was first formulated. Here we provide an update to the Responsible Approach in light of these developments. The updated approach emphasizes the need for taking a broad and integrated view of the role of enhancements within fisheries management systems; using a stakeholder participatory and scientifically informed, accountable planning process; and assessing the potential contribution of enhancement and alternative or additional measures to fisheries management goals early on in the development or reform process.

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THE 3/2011 JAPAN TSUNAMI IN HAWAI`I

Charles L. Mader

Mader Consulting Co., Honolulu, Hawai`i, USA

"The 3/11/2011 Japan tsunami generated a tsunami that arrived in Hawai`i between 3:00 and 4:30 a.m. on 3/12/2011 generating surges along the Hawaiian island chain with amplitudes of 2.3 feet at Honolulu, 4.6 feet at Hilo and 5.7 feet at Kahului. Tens of millions of dollars of damage resulted from waves with run-up heights of 17.5 feet on the North shore of Oahu and 16 feet on the Kona coast of Hawai`i. In Keehi Lagoon on Oahu 70% of the boats were damaged with 24 boats being sunk. Damage of $250,000 occurred at the Haleiwa small boat harbor on the North Shore of Oahu. On Maui 22 homes were damaged at Wailuku, Kihei and Spreckelville. The Lahaina small boat harbor was damaged and at the Maalaea harbor two boats were sunk. On Molokai nine homes were damaged. In Kailua-Kona flooding damaged 50 businesses including the first floor of the King Kamehameha Kona Hotel. The Kailua-Kona wharf damage was estimated at $500,000. The Kona Village and Resort was damaged and 125 hale knocked from their foundations and damaged. In Kealakekua Bay a $1.3 million home was swept out to sea and 7 other homes were damaged. No lives were lost.

ENVIRONMENTAL FINANCE AND RISK MANAGEMENT

Lorenz Magaard and King Burch

International Center for Climate and Society, University of Hawai`i at Manoa Honolulu, Hawai`i, USA

The title of this session is "New Directions of Sustainability: New Technology and Financial Innovation". In our presentation we introduce an idea for an academic program to encourage new directions of sustainability. This academic program is called "Environmental Finance and Risk Management". It is designed to help solve many academic and practical problems involving sustainability. By combining environmental sciences with the study of finance we can assist new technology tie together natural and social sciences. Catastrophe bonds are a recent and useful application of this idea. We present a sample curriculum and describe how this program can function. This program offers a way to tie research and education of major science schools directly to multibillion dollar markets that trade on information about the environment.

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CONSIDERATIONS IN DEVELOPING AQUACULTURE TECHNOLOGIES

TO PRODUCE MARINE FISH FOR STOCK ENHANCEMENT

Kevan L. Main, Paula Caldentey, Nathan Brennan and Kenneth Leber

Directorate of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mote Marine Laboratory Mote Aquaculture Research Park, Sarasota, Florida, USA

There is a real need to develop technologies to produce high-quality individuals to restore declining fishery stocks. Culture methods to support stock enhancement are often different from those used to produce seafood. Marine fishes for restoration must be healthy and contain the appropriate genetic diversity for the habitat where they are released. Hatchery conditioning and acclimation to the environment prior to release can significantly influence post-release survival. At the same time, aquaculture for stock enhancement requires a system design that can produce large numbers of fish for release. There is an opportunity to use land-based recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) to meet this need. RAS reduce the demand for water resources, improve biosecurity, and reduce environmental impact over traditional flow-through or high water-exchange systems. The common snook, Centropmus undecimalis, is a high-value sport fish found in coastal waters ranging from Florida to Brazil. Increasing fishing pressure and loss of habitat along Florida’s coast resulted in marine stock enhancement and aquaculture research. Successful strategies to produce this important game fish and increase post-release survival will be described.

CO-MANAGEMENT OF THE MARINE SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS IN SHIRETOKO WORLD NATURAL HERITAGE SITE

Mitsutaku Makino1 and Hiroyuki Matsuda2

1National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency. Yokohama, Japan

2Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Japan

Shiretoko World Natural Heritage Site, located in the northeast of Hokkaido, Japan, is characterized by closely linked terrestrial and marine ecosystems, and by a number of marine and terrestrial species, including several endangered species. Also, it is a very famous fisheries production area in Japan, and the fisheries sector is the most important industry here. Communities there have fished a wide variety of species since ancient times. Sato-umi-oriented conservation implied recognition of these fishers’ communities as the essential part of the social-ecological systems. Shiretoko fishers became indispensible, self-driven actors in conservation. Shiretoko is an example of Sato-umi that successfully involves local communities and combined their knowledge with science to conserve a priceless world heritage, inclusive of its communities and their livelihood. Experience from this case could inform marine ecosystem conservation in other countries where large numbers of small-scale fishers take a wide range of species under a fisheries co-management regime.

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A BASIC STUDY ON TSUNAMI DAMAGE CONTROL METHOD

OF MOORED VESSELS

Mitsuhiro Masuda1, Kiyokazu Minami1 and Koichi Masuda2

1Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Division of Marine Technology Department of Maritime Systems Engineering, Tokyo, Japan

2Department of Oceanic Architecture and Engineering, CST, Nihon University, Japan

When the tsunami attacks in harbors, the vessels moored at the wharf may be unable to be evacuated. For example, it is the situation of the vessel under cargo handling operation, the vessel of sailor absence and foreign crew without knowledge of tsunami. In such a case, damages such as, breaking the mooring tether, grounding on a wharf, drift to land areas and the collision with building are assumed. This present paper describes the Tsunami Damage Control method of Vessels Moored to the Wharf using the MPS Method. In this research, the 3D-MPS method is applied. The chart of mooring tether break was created. The wave height of tsunami and the relation of the break of the mooring tether were shown by the chart of mooring tether break. The chart was created about the influence of number of mooring tether, diameter of mooring tether and mooring system to the break of mooring tether.

STUDY ON THE COEFFICIENT OF STATIC FRICTION OF THE ARTIFICIAL REEFS

Taichi Nagatomi1, Takeshi Kameyama2, Noritsugu Yamaji3, Shotaro Matsuoka1,

Hirofumi Kakudo1, Manabu Matsushima1 and Yoshihiro Suenaga1

1Faculty of Engineering, Kagawa University, Japan 2Graduate School of Engineering, Kagawa University, Japan

3Nihon Kogyo, Co., LTD, Japan

We propose a theory for calculating the coefficient of static friction of various shapes spikes installed at the bottom of the artificial reefs. Also, by sliding resistance tests using an actual scale spikes, we examined a method for calculating the coefficient of static friction of the spike on the difference of the soil and facility conditions. The theory to evaluate the passive earth pressure that acted on the spike arranged in the bottom of the artificial reef was derived. The passive earth pressure of the spike was derived by introducing the coefficient μv into the passive earth pressure theory of the coulomb and evaluating the shape of the soil wedge. Three types of spikes and two types of sediments were examined. The shape and the number of spike were changed, and the sliding resistance that acted on the spike was measured. As a result, the coefficient μv greatly depends on the aspect ratio of the spike. The passive earth pressure of the spike can be presumed according to internal frictional angle of sand and μv.

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A STUDY REGARDING THE DISTRIBUTION

OF CONSTRUCTION BYPRODUCT IN COASTAL AREA

Kota Matsuzaki, Shunsuke Miyahara, Kiminori Nakazawa and Takamasa Miyazaki

College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Narashino, Chiba, Japan

This study aims at understanding the characteristics of the distribution which accompanies the locations of construction byproduct disposal facilities in the Osaka Bay coastal area. In the current social climate, in which public interests concerning global environmental issues have risen higher every year, the waste disposal distributions are required to meet the social demands by accommodating methods to promote a recycling society. That is, locality is the key to create such a waste disposal distribution: contributing to local communities, recycling within local areas and keeping it in a smaller scale. However, there are hardly any studies being conducted that investigate the most adequate route for processing construction byproducts from intermediary disposal facilities to final disposal facilities and recycling facilities in order to promote the formation of a recycling society, and examine the allocation patterns of such construction byproduct disposal facilities. This paper thus aims at clarifying the current situation of the distribution of construction byproducts by analyzing the site qualities and the processing capacities of the disposal facilities in the Osaka Bay coastal area.

“HO’OLONO: MALAMA O KE KAI”: WALTER PAULO AND SUSTAINABLY ENHANCING MARINE PRODUCTIVITY

Phil McGillivary1 and Paul Troy2

1U.S. Coast Guard, PACAREA, Alameda, California, USA

2Affiliate, Inc., Capt. Cook, Hawaii, USA

No one knew the fisheries of Hawaii and the Pacific Ocean better than Walter Paulo (1923-2009): born on the Island of Hawaii at Napo’opo’o, but always associated with Milioli’i, “The Last Hawaiian Fishing Village.” Trained as a mackerel and tuna fisherman, during World War II he was briefly in the Army. After the war, in the early 1950s, he began work as Captain of the federal fisheries R/V TOWNSEND CROMWELL, thereby seeing much of the Pacific and its peoples. He later worked with the United Nations to improve tuna fishing practices among Pacific and Indian Ocean islanders. In Hawai’i he emphasized the Hawaiian practice of ‘malamalama o ke kai’, care of the ocean to enhance and sustain its productivity, particularly via the practice of ‘hana’i koa,’ tending coastal fish-aggregating sites through periodic fish feeding. Given the depth of his traditional knowledge, academic and geographic experience, and generosity sharing his knowledge, Walter Paulo was the greatest Hawaiian oceanographer of his time. His legacy is his teaching on methods to “enrich the sea,” “so people might eat.”

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ECONOMIC COSTS OF THE JAPANESE TSUNAMI IN JAPAN, THE U.S., AND INTERNATIONALLY

Phil McGillivary1 and Brendan Tougher2

1U.S. Coast Guard, PACAREA, Alameda, California, USA

2Environmental Management Program, USF, San Francisco, California, USA

Japan’s northeast coast 9.0 Tohoku earthquake (March 11, 2011) has been called ‘sotegai’ (‘unimaginable’) despite historical tsunami records. Beyond loss of life and property, the tsunami damaged Japan’s maritime economy by reducing fishing and aquaculture production and fear of radioactive contamination in local fish further increased imported seafood demand. The fish production shortfall is being met by increasing imports that are globally significant because Japan is the world’s largest seafood importer (>$14B/annum). Estimates by several methods indicate the tsunami will cause @$1B increased imports to Japan, mostly from Indonesia, putting pressure on sustainability of their fisheries, particularly for tuna and finfish. Further, the tsunami debris is drifting toward U.S. shores. We examine U.S. federal costs for impact monitoring and clean-up, including ship and personnel costs for debris collection and removal, but not ecosystem monitoring. If additional needs become apparent, e.g. injured marine animal transport, these costs will need to be included. In summary, the impact of the tsunami on fisheries is @$1B, and dealing with the debris will require at least $10M/year for several years.

ON THE VALUATION OF CAT BONDS

Gunter A. Meissner

University of Hawai`i at Manoa, Shidler College of Business, Honolulu, Hawai`i USA

We create a model to value cat bonds including cat event - cat bond issuer default correlation. This is critical since the cat bond issuer's default intensity typically increases when a big catastrophe occurs. We discuss properties of the model and show its benefits and limitations.

ON THE VALUATION OF CAT BONDS

Gunter A. Meissner

University of Hawai`i at Manoa, Shidler College of Business, Honolulu, Hawai`i USA

Cat bonds have become a useful tool to insure catastrophic events as earthquakes, hurricanes, tsunamis and other catastrophes. This paper first outlines the market for cat bonds and then displays the cash flows of a Cat bond in case of the catastrophe occurring. The main part of the paper analyses how to derive the fair value of a Cat bond. The value is closely related to the probability of the catastrophe occurring. In addition, the insurance seller (Cat bond issuer) can default. This default is correlated to the catastrophe occurring, since the bigger the catastrophe, the higher is the probability of the insurance seller defaulting. We build a model which includes the catastrophe – insurance seller default correlation to value cat bonds.

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A STUDY CONCERNING PRIMARY PRODUCTION AND ITS EFFECTIVE USAGE IN COASTAL REGION

Takamasa Miyazaki

College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Narashino, Chiba, JAPAN

In Japan, one of the most earthquake-prone countries, no place is free from the risk of damages caused by earthquakes, whether the probabilities are high or low. This fact has prompted us to accumulate knowledge of issues and effects of various counter-measures against disasters caused by earthquakes. It is thus vital to comprehensively incorporate such information into the plans for the rehabilitation of the affected fisheries areas of Tohoku. Plans to relocate the evacuees should provide many options prioritizing their wills. For instance, it is not advised to move them to elevated grounds without assessing the risks properly from the view points of refuge and disaster mitigation. In drawing up a restoration plan, mapping placement concerning the living environment of the fishing port facilities and fishing villages are to be categorized into four zones with disaster risk reduction in mind, which are the Teigai: areas that are not protected by an embankment, low-ground Teinai: areas which are protected by an embankment, high-ground Teinai, and elevated grounds.

DAMAGE OF 3.11 GREAT EAST JAPAN EARTHQUAKE

Takamasa Miyazaki

Nihon University, Narashino, Chiba, JAPAN

In Japan, one of the most earthquake-prone countries, no place is free from the risk of damages caused by earthquakes, whether the probabilities are high or low. This fact has prompted us to accumulate knowledge of issues and effects of various counter-measures against disasters caused by earthquakes. It is thus vital to comprehensively incorporate such information into the plans for the rehabilitation of the affected fisheries areas of Tohoku. As for evacuation, it is important to promote among residents the awareness of the damages caused by tsunamis with information of the estimated arrival time for incoming tsunamis, as well as to prevent isolation of remote villages. There is a need for business continuity planning (BCP) in order to secure the functions of seafood production and product transportation. The business continuity plan should include substitute measures for electricity and necessary facilities, a viable logistic system for the unloading and the shipping of products, the maintenance of fishing boats and equipment, and the swift recovery of the fishing ports.

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THE EFFECT OF WATER QUALITY IN AQUACULTURED OYSTER PRODUCTION

AT SHIDO BAY

Machi Miyoshi1, Junya Miyoshi2, Kazuhiro Kise1, Takaaki Kume1 and Hiroshi Kikuchi3

1Department of Science and Engineering, Tokushima Bunri University 2The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

3The Kagawa Prefectural Fisheries Experiment Station

Shido Bay, located in Kagawa prefecture, is famous for aquacultured oysters. The oyster production in 2009 and 2010 fell considerably more than ordinary years. In this study, we analyzed a comparison between the condition of aquacultured oysters and water quality change, expressly the phytoplankton in 2010 (lean year) and 2011 (ordinary year). Surviving rate was 30-53% in 2010, 78-95% in 2011, the oysters that were attached to the base had almost become extinct in 2010. During the aquacultured season, Chl.a from the surface to the bottom in 2010 was lower than it was in 2011 at the inner part of Shido Bay. Chl.a was 1.4-10.9 μg/l at the site where some rafts are set in the circumference, 4.5-13.0 μg/l at the site outside the zone of the aquacultured object. Therefore, it was considered that the aquacultured environment in 2010 stayed at low levels of Chl.a continuously, and the inside of the rafts caused the phytoplankton shortages by further feeding the activity of the oysters.

A STUDY OF A FLOATING BODY MOORED TO FLOATING PIER IN TSUNAMI

Kazuki Murata1, Koichi Masuda2 and Tomoki Ikoma2

1Department of Oceanic Architecture & Engr., CST, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan

2Graduate School of Nihon University, Department of Oceanic Arch and Engr., Chiba, Japan

Tsunami disasters of floating vessels moored on the quay are complex, such as drifting and collision of the floating body and also of the mooring line. There was an example which a mooring tether does not break in the ship moored to the floating pier in the damage of tsunami. It was confirmed in the Miyagi shiogama port in case of the East Japan great earthquake which occurred on March 11, 2011. In this paper, the authors verify the effect of reducing mooring tether force in case of that ship is moored to floating pier by using 3D-MPS method. Then, advantages of floating pier for fixed mooring quay are considered. In addition, in this paper the authors are discussed the following items: 1) Force of the tsunami wave on the pile of floating pier. 2) Response characteristics in various incidence angles. Also, we propose measures to floating pier not drift in tsunami.

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THE LOCAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN JAPANESE SPINY LOBSTER FISHING

Chigusa Nakagawa

Research Institute for Human and Nature, Kyoto, Japan

This research analyzes the local system and common rules of Japanese spiny lobster (Panulirus japonicas) fishing based on the theories and findings of environmental sociology and folklore, especially a concept for coastal sea management called “Satoumi”. The purpose of this research is to reconsider current perspectives on the environmental conservation system in Japanese rural societies through people’s everyday activities. Japanese society has undergone significant changes in the last decade or two. The side-effects of these changes particularly become more obvious among the relatively vulnerable people and areas that are marginalized by the greater society. Through a case study of a small coastal community in Japanese rural area, I would like to focus on the mechanisms of local knowledge for the conservation of natural resources, maintenance of human relationships, management of self-governance, and so forth. In particular, I will focus on the rules for communal management of the fishing areas that are primary to promote relationships within the community and to provide motivation for fishing, but at the same time to make possible sustainable natural resources.

IMPROVEMENT OF THE PERFORMANCE OF VAT MARINE TURBINE BY APPLYING VARIABLE-PITCH SYSTEM

Tomoki Ikoma1, Yasunori Nakamura2, Koichi Masuda1 and Chang-kyu Rheem3

1Department of Oceanic Architecture & Eng., CST, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan

2Graduate School of Nihon University, Department of Oceanic Arch & Eng, Chiba, Japan 3Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo

A purpose of this study is to develop a high performance marine turbine by adopting the variable-pitch system to the vertical axis type marine turbine. In the present study, the authors clarify a performance of the vertical axis type marine turbine with variable-pitch system and the vertical axis type marine turbine by theoretical calculations and experiments. The torque performance and the power coefficients of the above two types marine turbines were clarified by forced rotation tests. The torque performance significantly is improved by adopting the variable-pitch system. As a result, the authors succeed in development of a vertical axis type marine turbine which is useful in the wide range of flow velocity.

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PERFORMANCE EVALUATION VERTICAL AXIS TYPE MARINE TURBINE WITH

VARIABLE-PITCH BLADE BY EXPERIMENTS

Tomoki Ikoma1, Koichi Masuda1, Chang-kyu Rheem2 and Naseru Nakazawa3

1Department of Oceanic Architecture and Engr., CST Nihon University, Chiba, Japan 2Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Megro, Tokyo, Japan

3Graduate School of Nihon University, Department of Oceanic Arch and Eng, Chiba, Japan

A purpose of this study is to clarify a performance of a Vertical axis type marine turbine with variable pitch blade by experiments in a current channel. Torque performance, Power characteristics and Rotation performance can be obtained from forced rotation experiments by using the variable-pitch turbine model developed and a conventional Darriues turbine. Thrust power act on the variable-pitch turbine because of adopting Cycloidal system. Thrust power was also made clear in this study. Three vertical straight blades are attached to a standard turbine model. Torque performance can be remarkably improved by adopting the variable pitch system comparing with a conventional Darriues type one. AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE ACQUIRABLE WAVE POWER OF PW-OWC

TYPE WAVE POWER ABSORBING DEVICES

Tomoki Ikoma1, Keisuke Niida1, Koichi Masuda1, Sawako Koizumi1, Hikaru Omori2 and Hiroyuki Ohsawa3

1Department of Oceanic Architecture and Engineering, CST, Nihon University, Chiba, JAPAN 2Graduate School of Nihon University, Department of Oceanic Arch. and Engr., Chiba, JAPAN

3JAMSTEC, Kanagawa, JAPAN

This paper discusses performance evaluation and experimental wave-power device that is attached to the caisson breakwater the port of Sakata Yamagata prefecture, this paper discusses the use of ocean space map for the selection of suitable sites real sea test site. The experiment, carried out by the two-body coupling devices "PW-OWC" in order to evaluate the performance towards the demonstration. Measurement items, measures the "internal surface variation OWC" and "insiders part water change PW" and "internal surface variation OWC". Use these measurements to calculate the efficiency of primary conversion. In addition, the use of ocean space map is created in the following way. The amount of electricity can be generated in real sea is determined using a number of numerical and Mighty Whale in this experiment. Aggregated in the GIS data is then calculated.

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A NUMERICAL STUDY ON INFLUENCE OF PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY BY RIVER

FLOOD IN COASTAL REGION

Masami Ohashi, Jun Yamamoto and Kenya Sudo

Fisheries Engineering Research Team, Civil Engineering Research Institute for Cold Region Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Field observations before and after a summer flood were carried out in the Mukawa coast, the Pacific Ocean of northern Japan, to elucidate the influence of flood event. As a result of the field observations, nitrate-nitrogen was insufficient in the surface before the flood. Though the insufficiency was improved after the flood, the primary productivity was limited by scattering of light in the outflow of mud. Numerical study was done to clarify the behavior of the mud and nutritive salt by flood. It was proven that diffusion of the mud widely limited the primary productivity though the nutritive salt was supplied. Also, it was expected that the primary production was increased more than two times in the case of reducing influence of the mud.

A STUDY ON INFLUENCE OF THE TSUNAMI DAMAGE TO ARCHITECTURE

Yasunori Ohkawara1, Koichi Masuda2 and Tomoki Ikoma2

1Graduate School of Nihon University, Department of Oceanic Arch. and Eng, Chiba, Japan

2Department of Oceanic Arch and Engr., CST, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan

In the Great East Japan Earthquake, architectural buildings in the coastal areas by the tsunami had suffered extensive damage by the tsunami. However, the research of tsunami load on the building of the coastal zone is not enough. In the present paper, the authors examined the characteristics of tsunami loads on the building especially paying attention to the opening of a building, and arrangement of a building in coastal zone. As a research method, the MPS method of numerical method, and a water tank experiment are applied. In a study on the influence of the opening, aperture ratio is set to 0%, 30%. In a study by the Building arrangement, the authors performed a comparative study by building installation angle 0 degree and 90 degree. From these studies, I got the conclusions that the characteristics of tsunami loads on the building are clarified in coastal region.

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VERIFICATION OF EFFECT OF ARTIFICIAL SEAWEED FOR SANDFISH SPAWNING GROUND

Setsuo Okamoto1, Jun Yamamoto1, Masami Ohashi1, Jin Sato1 and Toshiya Murakami2

1Fisheries Engineering Research Team/Civil Engineering Research Institute for Cold Region

2Econixe Co.Ltd.

The sandfish (Arctoscopus japanicus) is one of the fishery products in Japan. The annual catch of sandfish from the Sea of Japan of the Hokkaido coast has rapidly decreased since 1983. This is considered due in part to spawning ground deterioration caused by a decrease in the amount of large seaweed (e.g., Sargassum fulvellum), which provides spawning grounds for sandfish, as a result of barren ground along the Sea of Japan coast. Possible measures to restore sandfish spawning environments are installing artificial seaweed in place of Sargassum fulvellum. We developed artificial seaweed and installed it at the Ofuyu Fishing Port on Hokkaido’s Sea off Japan’s coast. In this study, field observation results of the effect of artificial seaweed and a physical environment on the spawning ground are introduced. As a result of the field observation, it was a found that a large number of sandfish eggs were laid there. Sandfish spawning was closely related to the water depth, water temperature and waves of spawning ground.

EFFECTS OF PROJECTING WALLS TO OSCILLATING WATER COLUMN TYPE WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER

Tomoki Ikoma1, Hikaru Omori2, Koichi Masuda1,

Kazuyoshi Kihara3 and Hiroyuki Osawa4

1Department of Oceanic Architecture and Engr., CST, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan 2Graduate School of Nihon University, Department of Oceanic Arch. and Engr, Chiba, Japan

3Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Bridge and Steel Structure Engineering, Kanagawa, Japan 4JAMSTEC, Kanagawa, Japan

A purpose of present study is to clarify the effects of PW (projecting wall) in OWC type WEC. The effectiveness of PW is investigated by wave tank experiments and theoretical calculation from comparison of the experimental results of the device with PW and the device without PW, it confirmed that the performance of the device with PW is improved by about 1.5 times of the device without PW. It is understood that the effects of PW length affect the performance of the device from theoretical calculation results. From present consideration, it is confirmed that the overall performance is improved when PW is longer. The PW is effective in improving the performance of the device.

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GETTING HAWAII INVOLVED

Kahi Pacarro

Sustainable Coastlines Hawaii

Honolulu, Hawaii, USA

We want to share what we are doing to raise awareness about marine debris and our over consumption of plastic through hands on beach clean ups of the Hawaiian Islands and New Zealand. In addition we want to share the techniques we use to engage the local population so that other organizations can share in these methods to increase awareness of their motives and goals. With large cleanups of around 800 people 4 times a year, our events serve as avenues of beautification of our coastlines and education of the participants how they can take the next step to reduce their impact on coastlines around the world.

A STUDY OF SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN GYEONGGI BAY USING GOCI AND INBUS

Jin-Soon Park1, Jae-Youll Jin2, Jun-Seok Park1, Jong-Dae Do2,

Kwang Soo Lee1 and Ki Dai Yum1

1Coastal Engineering & Ocean Energy Research Department 2Coastal Disaster Research Center

Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Korea

The aim of this study is to investigate the distribution and transport of suspended sediments using Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) data that have been collected by South Korea’s Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite (COMS) that was launched in June 2010. We found that the algorithm for GOCI image processing needed updating. It is possible to calibrate and validate the satellite data using INBUS (INtelligent BUoy System). The INBUS-GOCI SS algorithm developed in this study showed a better performance for quantifying SSC than the original algorithm. The SS distribution showed great differences depending on the tidal phase. The areas bounded by concentration contour lines of 5, 10, and 20 mg/l during spring tide were 26, 58, and 70 times higher than those during neap tides, respectively. The travel velocity of concentration contour lines was 1.69 km/h during spring tide, which is more than twice as fast than that during neap tide. We found that tides play a major role in determining the sediment distribution in Gyeonggi Bay under typical conditions.

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MAKING CLIMATE CHANGE AN ISLAND PRIORITY

Lelei M. Peau

Department of Commerce/Coral Reef Advisory Group, Pago Pago American Samoa

Making Climate Change and its impacts matter in an island setting such as American Samoa warrants a development and implementation of a tailored program, policy and effort that involves every levels of society both private, public and church factions to work together to address. In American Samoa, an overall campaign and program of activities have been completed with effective focused strategies. This presentation shares two case studies of on the ground implementation and derived lessons learned for future work.

BASIC DESIGN AND REALITY OF THE BLUE ECONOMY AS A NEW PARADIGM

Heedong Pyo

Pukyung National University, Department of Marine Business and Economics

Busan, KOREA

Six volumes in series since Blueprint for a Green Economy (Pearce et al., 1989) set out a green economy which focuses on the relationship between environmental sustainability and economic growth, and the prospect of achieving environmentally sustainable economic growth. In Korea, 'the Basic law for Low Carbon and Green Growth" was enacted as a comprehensive national development strategy in 2010. The paper is to deal with the relationship between sustainable development and green growth and to design the basic idea and reality of a blue economy. As an ocean and coastal-friendly-oriented economic development model, the blue economy should play a major role to implement specific strategies for national policy of green growth in ocean and coastal areas, keeping the concept of sustainable development. In order to accomplish the blue economy, the environmental Kuznets Curve, valuation of environmental resources, extended benefit-cost analysis, environmental accounting system and economic incentive instruments are employed.

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DEVELOPMENT OF PROTECTIVE AND FEEDING FACILITY FOR STOCKED ROCK FISH JUVENILES

Takeshi Kameyama1, Masashi Miyagawa2, Munehiro Fujiwara2, Kaori Yasuoka3,

Yoriki Sakamaki1, Hisao Kakegawa1 and Yoshihiro Suenaga4

1Graduate School of Engineering, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan 2Kagawa Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station, Yashima, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan

3Nittoc Construction, Co, LTD, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan 4Faculty of Engineering, Kagawa University, Japan

Oblong rockfish, Sebastes oblongus, and red spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaara, one of the high-priced fishes, have been released for stock enhancement in Kagawa prefecture in Japan. Released artificial juveniles of these species are easily preyed by predators after release due to their vulnerable characteristics such as sluggish movement and defenseless behavior. This fact has led to poor recovery rate in stocking project of these species artificial juveniles in Kagawa prefecture over the past dozen years. Therefore, we propose the new protective shelter for released juveniles in this study for the sake of avoiding intense predation by overwhelming predators. This shelter also functions as nursery ground with both remarkable amount of adherent prey organisms on the porous substrate and dark comfortable rooms. It is characterized by the size of gaps that small released juveniles can easily hide in and enormous strong predators hardly sneak into.

INTEGRATED LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL KNOWLEDGE SUPPORTING ADAPTIVE CO-MANAGEMENT OF SATO-UMI

SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS

Tetsu Sato

Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Japan

Diverse ecosystem services of coastal environment have been created and managed by human-nature interactions. Coastal social-ecological systems nurtured by sustainable human resource use are called Sato (human habitats) – Umi (ocean) in Japanese (Yanagi 2007, 2012). Sato-Umi systems are well-recognized to have enriched biodiversity and bio-productivity, providing various ecosystem services to coastal communities. Sato-Umi social-ecological systems should be managed by collaboration of diverse stakeholders including local fishers, other community members, tourists and even consumers in remote cities. We focus on a new concept of local knowledge (Integrated Local Environmental Knowledge, ILEK) for Sato-Umi co-management. ILEK is a blend of scientific and local knowledge produced by interaction between scientists and stakeholders, and it provides knowledge base for decision making and collaborative actions by diverse local stakeholders. ILEK is the solution-oriented knowledge, bearing transdisciplinary nature to incorporate every needed domain of science and technologies applicable to local settings. In this talk, I will describe case examples of ILEK production, circulation and utilization to understand adaptive co-management mechanisms of Sato-Umi social-ecological systems using ILEK as a knowledge base.

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GIS FOR ESTIMATION OF AMOUNT OF RESERVE OF WAVE POWER AND TAKE-

OFF POWER BY THE WEC

Sawako Koizumi, Tomoki Ikoma, Koichi Mausda and Keisuke Niida

College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, JAPAN

There are a lot of observation points of ocean wave along the Japanese coasts. The observation has carried out near shore where shallow water is. A few WECs of an oscillating water column type have been developed in Japan, which are fixed onto a break-water and a floating type toward offshore. Database is very important, but it should be easily used. Therefore the GIS is developed for estimation of wave power reserve around the Japanese islands in the study. Original data provided is from NOWPHAS of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. There are some observation points at offshore sea where water depth is about 200 m, and consequently wave power at offshore and deeper water fields can be predicted and compared with near shore one. We can confirm graphically and easily with the GIS. Take-off power by WECs is estimated on the GIS. The OWC type WECs are applied to the estimation, which are conventional types and unconventional types. In the estimation, Difference between seasons and performance of WECs is easily understood.

ADVANCES IN THE ANALYSIS AND COMMAND OF RISK FOR SUSTAINABILITY

J. P. Schmidt

University of Hawai`i Shidler School of Business; Bays Lung Rose Holma

Honolulu, Hawai`i, USA

Companies and governments have been increasingly interested in using Captive Insurance Companies to cover risks that traditional insurance companies don’t cover. Particularly after the earthquake and tsunami in Japan, Japanese companies are turning more to captives. Hawai`i is one of the premier domiciles in the world for setting up Captive Insurance Companies. The traditional global Reinsurance Market has been doing a much better job analyzing and providing coverage for catastrophic risks such as hurricanes, through the use of better constructed computer-generated Catastrophe Models. And, more and more large companies and governments are using Catastrophe Bonds to protect themselves against the enormous losses caused by natural disasters and help them get their companies and economies moving again. These are a few of the newest complex financial innovations that help promote sustainability.

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RESIDENTIAL RESEARCH BRIDGING SCIENCE AND PRACTICE FOR ADAPTIVE GOVERNANCE OF SATO-UMI

Mayuko Shimizu

Faculty of Policy Science

Ryukoku University Kyoto, Japan

Sato-Umi, a coastal social-ecological system that is sustainably managed by local residents who use its ecosystem services, is based on various types of knowledge. Authors who are interested in community-based ecosystem management have discussed difference among and integration of scientific ecological knowledge (SEK), local ecological knowledge (LEK), and traditional ecological knowledge (TEK). These multiple kinds of knowledge can help local communities handle social-ecological interactions between humans and nature. Social-ecological interactions are interpreted by various knowledge producers, including professional research scientists, citizen scientists, and local residents. Residential research aims to create locally specific trans-disciplinary knowledge for local environmental problem solving, by collaboration of those knowledge producers and knowledge users. Residential researchers also play coordinating roles for actions, blending scientific observations with local people’s experiences in practice. They can be important nodes for making webs of integrated local ecological knowledge. In this presentation, I illustrate a conceptual framework of adaptive governance with expected functions of residential research, showing a few examples of residential research in practice of community-based ecosystem management of Sato-Umi.

SETO INLAND SEA WEASTERN COASTAL AREA FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF DISASTER COUNTERMEASURES

Masayuki Suga¹, Takamasa Miyazaki² and Kiminori Nakazawa2²

¹Nihon Bunri University

²Nihon University This study investigates the regional traits of the western coastal area of the Seto Inland Sea from the viewpoint of disaster countermeasures. The Seto Inland Sea western coastal area is a treasure house of rich natural resources, owing to its regional characteristics. There are many large and small fishing ports along the coastal line, and numerous communities range in the area. Meanwhile, it has been predicted that in case of massive earthquakes, tsunamis higher than ten meters may hit the region. This paper thus examines various planning problems concerning the arrangement of fishing ports and community planning, with the aim of anti-disaster measures in the Seto Inland Sea western coastal area.

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TIDAL CURRENT EFFECTS ON THE WAVE TRANSFORMATION AND RUNUP

Sungwon Shin1, Hyungmin Bae1, Jeseon Yoo2, Kideok Do1, Kyuhan Kim1, and Jae-Seol

Shim2

1Waterfront and Coastal Research Center, Kwandong University, Gangneung, KOREA 2Climate Change and Coastal Disaster Center, KIOST, Ansan, KOREA

Surf-zone hydrodynamics in both field observations and laboratory experiments have been commonly investigated in wave-dominant cases, in which tidal influences are negligible. On the contrary, intensive field and laboratory studies on macro-tidal environments are less common. Such investigations are needed to better understand complicated hydrodynamics under strong interactions of coastal waves, tidal cycles and sediment processes. The goal of this study is to understand tidal current effect on wave transformation including breaking and runup on the beach in both ebb and flood tides using laboratory experiment and numerical modeling. Two-dimensional laboratory experiments were conducted on 1:50 sloped beach with waves and currents. Capacitance type wave gages and electromagnetic current meter were used to measure wave heights, runup, and current speeds. COBRAS (COrnell Breaking waves And Structures), RANS based numerical model, was used to simulate hydrodynamics including wave transformation and runup in the condition of waves with strong currents. Both results from the experiments and the numerical simulations are to be shown in the presentation.

THE EFFICIENCY OF PRIMARY CONVERSION OF PW-OWC TYPE WEC IN OBLIQUE WAVES

Tomoki Ikoma1, Hiroyuki Taguchi2, Koichi Masuda1 and Hiroyuki Ohsawa3

1Department of Oceanic Architecture and Engineering, CST, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan 2Graduate School of Nihon University, Department of Oceanic Arch and Engr, Chiba Japan

3JAMSTEC, Kanagawa, Japan

The present paper described the Efficiency of primary conversion on Oscillating water column (OWC) type wave energy conversion with projecting wall (PW) in oblique waves. PW-OWC type wave energy conversion device is the equipment which attached Projecting wall (PW) to the conventional Oscillating water column (OWC) type wave energy conversion device. In real sea, the direction of the wave varies with the season and time. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify Efficiency of Primary Conversion of PW-OWC Type WEC in oblique waves by the wave tank experiment. From the present experimental results, PW-OWC was a higher performance than conventional OWC type WEC in oblique waves. However, the difference of efficiency of Primary Conversion between conventional OWC and PW-OWC in an oblique wave was less than the difference between in the head sea condition. In oblique waves, standing waves did not occur well in PW. For this reason, the difference of efficiency becomes small. The authors conclude that PW is useful in oblique waves.

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HYDRODYNAMIC PRESSURE INDUCED BY TSUNAMI WASHED ONTO LAND ON

ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING

Junpei Takayama1, Koichi Masuda2 and Tomoki Ikoma2

1Graduate School of Oceanic Architecture and Engineering, CST, Nihon University 2Department of Oceanic Architecture and Engineering, CST, Nihon University

A purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of hydrodynamic pressure by tsunami on Architectural building by using the experiments and the numerical simulations. Therefore, the authors perform the water tank experiments and the numerical simulation by MPS method. The both results are compared so that the numerical results are well in agreement with the experimental results qualitatively. The applicability of hydrostatic pressure approximation method is considered using those results. From the present considerations, the results by hydrostatic pressure approximation method are underestimated in the early state of the flow velocity. Therefore, it is necessary to ascertain the conditions of the phenomenon.

DEGRADATION OF DNA BY UNSATURATED FATTY ACID-DERIVED ALDEHYDES AS POSSIBLE WATER-ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS

Yoshitou Tanaka1, Tokumi Maruyama2, Noriyuki Sakakibara2,

Yoshihiro Suenaga1 and Hisao Kakegawa1

1Faculty of Engineering, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan 2Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University

The unsaturated fatty acid-derived aldehydes, possible water environmental pollutants, are produced by lipid-peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids of dead fishes and oils in the sea. Recently, we found out that these aldehydes induced degradation of DNA. However, mechanism for degradation of DNA caused by the aldehydes has not been clarified. To confirm that the aldehydes bind to which base of DNA, we investigated the inhibitory effects of four bases of DNA on degradation of DNA induced by nonenal. As a result, cytosine efficiently inhibited the degradation of DNA induced by nonenal, suggesting that nonenal specifically bind to cytosine in DNA. In fact, the aldehyde group of nonenal was directly reacted with the amino group of cytosine residue of 3’,5’-di-O-t-butyldimethyllsilyl-2’-deoxycytidine. Nonenal seems to be reacted with the amino group of cytosine residue of DNA to cut the hydrogen bond between cytosine and guanine, and thus, the stable double helix of DNA may be broken. Thereafter, DNA unstabilized by combination of nonenal with cytosine may be degraded easily.

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VARIATION IN FISH BIOMASS ON NEW ARTIFICIAL REEFS IN GABES GULF, TUNISIA

Hiroaki Terashima1, Nader Ben Hadj Hamida2, Olfa Ben Abdallah2,

Nejib Laroussi Moatenri3, Hitonori Nanao4, Masashi Sato4, Morihiro Tada1, Hechemi Missaoui5, Othman Jarboui2

1ICNet Ltd., Saitama, Japan

2Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer, Sfax, Tunisia 3Commission Régionale de Développement Agricole, Monastir, Tunisia

4Overseas Agro-Fisheries Consultants Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan 5Direction Générale de la Pêche et de L'Aquaculture., Tunis, Tunisia

The total area of the seagrass meadows in Gabes gulf in the southern part of Tunisia, which consists mainly of the endemic seagrass Posidonia oceanica, has decreased in recent years. Small artificial reefs made of concrete blocks were deployed at three sites without seagrass in the Bay viz. Mahares, Zarat and Ajim. Fish abundance was monitored at these sites as well as the adjacent control sites by underwater belt transect method from July 2006 to October 2008. Variation in fish biomass (in unit volume) was then estimated by using length-to-weight conversion formulae for calculating body weight of each species. Fish biomass increased significantly within each site after deployment of the artificial reefs, viz. 6.3 +/- 1.9g to 4586.6 +/- 864.8g in Mahares, 45.4 +/- 3.8g to 6360.0 +/- 1238.5g in Zarat and 34.8 +/- 8.0g to 3244.0 +/- 298.3g in Ajim. This study showed that deploying artificial habitat with careful planning and regular monitoring may be one of the effective mitigating measures to be implemented in depleted seagrass meadows in the Mediterranean. INTERACTION OF MULTI-SCALE PARTNERSHIPS FOR MARINE BIODIVERSITY

CONSERVATION: A CASE IN THE YELLOW SEA

Sadayosi Tobai and Shigeki Yasumura

WWF Japan, Tokyo, JAPAN

Trans-boundary large marine ecosystem conservation planning has been attempted in the Yellow Sea in the last decade through both inter-governmental and NGO-research institute partnerships. As a result, a trans-boundary strategic action plan has been adopted by the governments of South Korea and China and a map of potential priority area for biodiversity conservation has been integrated into the plan. Based on these results, two demonstration sites for coastal biodiversity conservation and sustainable use have been selected in Korea and China. The Korean site, Muan MPA, is trying to achieve 1) ecosystem-based monitoring of biodiversity 2) establishment of governance mechanism with local stakeholder participation, 3) promotion of sustainable use. A number of local partnerships between stakeholders have been developed since and they have adapted these conservation objectives into their own local sustainable development agenda. The presentation will discuss how these trans-boundary scales and local scale partnerships have interacted and influenced production and integration of local ecological knowledge and it will also discuss prospective for this local knowledge to be shared and applied at a trans-boundary scale.

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REDUCING PRESSURE ON NATURAL TUNA FISHERIES EMPLOYING OPEN OCEAN MARICULTURE

Paul J. Troy1 and Philip A. McGillivary2

1MTS, UHM SOEST, UHH, AGU, USA

2U.S. Coast Guard, Alameda, California, USA

Food production needs to increase by 70% in the next 40 years to feed the world’s growing population, estimated to grow from the current 6.7 billion people to 9.1 billion by mid-century according to the UN FOA. Open ocean mariculture can be a new source of food production but requires many technological innovations. Tuna species are experiencing heavy fishing pressure and have the economic value to balance the high cost of offshore operations, and the open ocean is ideal for sustaining their high metabolic requirement. Described here are the results of capture, transport, and holding trials of yellowfin tunas at UH Hilo on the windward side of the Island of Hawaii and at NELHA in Kona on the island’s leeward side. Eighty-seven yellowfin tunas were successfully captured and transported to holding facilities, and the tunas weighed between 0.98 to 3.9 kg, and ranged from 38 to 63 cm fork length. The oceans represent a large area available for mariculture operations and species conservation efforts, which can be managed effectively.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE FUNAYA AND THE LANDSCAPE OF THE INE COMMUNITIES

Masanari Ushimaru, Aiko Sasa and Takamasa Miyazaki

College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University

Narashino, Chiba, Japan

This study examines the structural process from the formation of the regional communities to the maintenance of the landscape of fishing villages, by observing the function and the form of the Funaya through their historical development. The Bay of Ine with little tidal changes forms a unique landscape with fishing villages. The fishing villages are divided by a street into two kinds of buildings; the first kind are the Funaya on the seaside where the residents work and the second kind are main houses/storage rooms facing inland. The Bay of Ine used to provide lively fishing grounds where large fish and even whales were caught. However, the changes of fishing production caused by the decline of the fishing industry have altered the function and the form of the Funaya. This paper aims to point out factors that would influence the future landscape of the fishing villages, by investigating the changes to the function and the form of the Funaya, since the formation of these communities in the Bay of Ine.

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ECOSYSTEM BASED SEA RANCHING AND STOCK ENHANCEMENT IN CHINA

Qingyin Wang and Jie Kong

Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences

Qingdao, China

Sea ranching and stock enhancement have been proved a set of efficient management approaches to improve the natural resources though with variable success even controversial results in different locations. In China, large scale stock enhancement of shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis could be traced back to the early 1980s. During the first decade of the new millennium, sea ranching and stock enhancement gained wide spread acceptance as a responsible approach and defined as one of the important strategies in fishery management and implemented successfully since then. Fishery agencies at different levels invested huge funds annually to release hatchery reared seeds/larva into waters to restore and/or rebuild the depleted, threatened and/or endangered populations. Up to present, several dozen species of aquatic organisms, including fish, shrimp, crab, shellfish and others are of economic importance are released in various scales. This presentation presents a general overview on the status of sea ranching and stock enhancement in China, and the practices in Zhangzidao are introduced as a case study, and challenges and further development are discussed.

STUDY ON THE ABSORPTION SYSTEM OF WAVE ENERGY FOR AQUACULTURE PRESERVES

Yuki Matsuuchi1, Daichi Watanabe2, Yoshihisa Yamamoto3, Kazuhisa Hamada3,

Sadamitsu Akeda3 and Yoshihiro Suenaga4

1Graduate School of Engineering, Kagawa University, JAPAN 2Faculty of Engineering, Kagawa University, JAPAN

3Fisheries Research Agency 4Faculty of Engineering, Kagawa University, JAPAN

In the case of rearing fish juveniles that have hiding behavior in the floating aquaculture preserves, the number of fish juveniles decreases due to the stress from structure movement of floating aquaculture preserves caused by the irregular and continuous ocean waves. We have conducted the field experiment in the inland sea area and in the Pacific Ocean as the open sea area to examine restraint function of the wave energy absorption device. In the both area, we confirmed high wave energy absorption ratio. Those ratios were 86.6 % (inland sea) and 69.5% (Pacific Ocean), respectively. Furthermore, we also conducted the fish juveniles experiment to confirm the protective function of them against incident wave in the real sea area. We reared fish juveniles for two weeks in the two types of preserve which attached the developed device and control preserve. Number of dead fish juvenile population was about double in control preserve. Therefore, we confirmed developed device has protective function of juveniles.

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TAKE-OFF POWER POTENTIAL OF OWC TYPE WECS EQUIPPED LARGE FLOATING STRUCTURES

Tomoki Ikoma1, Yuka Watanabe2, Koichi Masuda1, Hisaaki Maeda1,

Sawako Koizumi3 and Keisuke Niida1

1Department of Oceanic Architecture and Engr., CST, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan 2Graduate School of Nihon University, Department of Oceanic Arch. and Engr., Chiba, Japan

3CST, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan

A purpose of this study is to consider the performance of wave power conversion of a large floating structure on which oscillating water column type wave energy convertors are installed. It is based on the linear potential theory to consider influence of wave energy absorption to hydrodynamic forces and wave exciting forces on the floating structures into the three-dimensional singular point distribution. The performance of wave power conversion increased when the WECs were surrounded the large floating structure. It is because wave power can enter into WECs from all directions due to wave diffraction. As also in this type of model, it is able to acquire wave power of 10MW in 5 to 6 seconds wave period in 2.0 m in wave height.

ELASTIC MOTION BEHAVIORS OF OWC TYPE WECS INSTALLED ON LARGE FLOATING STRUCTURE

Tomoki Ikoma1, Yuka Watanabe2, Koichi Masuda1, Hisaaki Maeda1, Chang-kyu Rheem3,

Sawako Koizumi4 and Keisuke Niida1

1Department of Oceanic Architecture and Engr., CST, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan 2Graduate School of Nihon University, Department of Oceanic Arch. and Engr., Chiba, Japan

3Institute of Industrial Science, the University of Tokyo 4CST, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan

A purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of hydroelastic response behaviors and the performance of wave power conversion of a large scale floating structure on which wave energy convertors of an oscillating water column type are installed. The linear potential theory is applied to theoretical predictions of hydrodynamic forces. Influence of wave energy absorption is directly taken into account in integral equations of the singular point distribution method. The elastic response behavior reduced by installing the WECs and was able to acquire wave power as well.

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OFFSHORE WIND POWER POTENTIAL FOR LOW COST ELECTRICITY IN HAWAI`I

John Wiltshire

Hawai`i Undersea Research Laboratory, University of Hawai`i, Honolulu, Hawai`i, USA

Offshore wind power offers Hawai`i the possibility of electrical power at much less than current rates. Hawai`i currently has the highest electrical costs in the nation and is the only State of 50 largely generating power by burning high cost oil. Hawai`i has strong consistent offshore winds. However, large wind farms will need to employ floating structures because water near shore is very deep, making first generation monopile designs difficult to use. This presentation will examine four innovative offshore floating wind platform designs with reference to the Hawai`i situation and show the great potential of this technology.

VARIATION OF MUSSEL BIOMASS AND ITS EFFECT ON BIOCHEMICAL CYCLE IN AMAGASAKI PORT

Ryoichi Yamanaka1, Yasunori Kozuki1, Machi Miyoshi2, Fumiko Nogami3,

Tatsunori Ishida4, Kouichirou Uotani4, Satoshi Ano4, Yuta Mizuguchi4 and Kotaro Goto5

1Institute of Technology and Science, the University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan 2Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa, Japan 3Nita Consultant Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan

4The Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science, the University of Tokushima 5Mikuniya Corporation, Osaka, Japan

Mytilus galloprovincialis (mussel), attached on vertical concrete seawalls in Amagasaki Port plays an important role for conservation and pollution in coastal waters. Field surveys were conducted since 2007 to clarify the mechanisms of mussel's drop-off. We observed a drastic decrease of mussel's biomass in June of 2010 that had not been reported previously in the region. Annual changes in the biomass of mussels and biochemical cycle in Amagasaki Port were estimated quantitatively by field observations and numerical analyses. The result of water quality analysis found that the unusual mussel's drop-off occurred after the normal larval settlement of mussels. Moreover, decrease of mussels in Amagasaki Port in 2010 was caused by the continuous discharge of river water which was not been seen at the same season in recent years. The mussel coverage in 2011 did not recover and the dominant species changed to Hydroides elegans because the interspecific competition between mussel and Hydroides elegans did not occur due to the early mussel's drop-off, and Hydroides elegans became the dominant species instead.

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CONCEPT AND PRACTICES OF SATOUMI IN JAPAN AND LESSONS LEARNED

Tetsuo Yanagi

Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka, Japan

A new concept for coastal sea management called “Satoumi”, defined as “High productivity and biodiversity in the coastal sea area with human interaction”, is proposed. It is said that “Nature takes its best state without mankind”. Would it be true that no environmental problems would exist if mankind was not present on Earth? However, there would be no meaning to a discussion regarding environmental problems without the presence of mankind. Nature does exist that takes its best state under mankind’s interaction. In Japan, it is called “Satoyama”. In Japanese, “Sato” means the area where people live and “Yama” means the forest. Satoyama is thus the forest near where people live. In this paper we discuss a new concept for coastal sea management that is based on the ideas of Satoyama. Is it possible to create a “Satoumi” similar to Satoyama? In Japanese, “Umi” means the sea. To establish the Satoumi, we need to clarify what kinds of actions by mankind are permitted or prohibited in the coastal sea area from the viewpoint of increasing production and biodiversity.

SATOUMI AS A RECONSTRUCTION OF COMMONS THROUGH COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT BY FISHERMAN

Shigeru Yanaka

Faculty of Reagional Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori JAPAN

Onna-village Fishery Cooperative (established in 1972) in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, has promoted fishery resource management based on fishing rights which is one of the typical community based resource management system (commons) in Japan. At the same time, they also have made efforts to control red-soil runoff caused by the area development, and to mitigate changes of the community caused by coastal tourism. The fishermen call such efforts as ‘developing Satoumi’. Satoumi refers to improved productivity and biodiversity by human involvement. This report will not examine the biophysical influence by human activities to the sea, but focus on the reconstruction of human relationship in relation to the sea. In other words, this study will focus on the process to develop resource management systems by the fisherman, bringing in a wide range of stakeholders in the process. For example, fishermen have been working on coral reefs regeneration in cooperation with other local residents, urban consumers and tourist agents. Satoumi development will be reanalyzed from the viewpoint of reconstruction of commons beyond the framework of communal social relations.

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DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL CONCRETE POSSESSING THE INHIBITORY EFFECT ON CORROSION OF IRON

Maki Yasuda1, Takashi Okumoto1, Shin Okamoto1, Hiroshi Itoh2,

Yoshihiro Suenaga2 and Hisao Kakegawa2

1Graduate School of Engineering, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan 2Faculty of Engineering, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan

The purpose in the present study is development of the novel concrete possessing the inhibitory effect on corrosion of iron. Extremely important problems that the irons in the ferroconcretes of many old constructions especially near water environments have corroded. The corrosion of iron in the ferroconcretes causes decreasing in the everlasting confidence and the earthquake-resistance of the constructions. Recently, we found out that natural hydroxyapatite (HAP) inhibited the ionization of iron in 5% NaCl solution. Furthermore, HAP inhibited both the ionization of aluminum and the reduction of silver ions in silver nitrate solution. These results suggest that HAP strongly inhibits the releases of electron and ions from metals. To confirm the inhibitory effect of HAP on the corrosion of iron in concrete constructions, the inhibitory effect of HAP on the corrosion of iron in the porous concrete blocks containing iron sands in 5% NaCl solution containing 1N HCl was evaluated. As a result, the corrosion of iron in the porous concrete blocks containing more than 3% of HAP was significantly inhibited.

VIDEO-BASED BREAKWATER OVER-TOPPING MONITORING

Jeseon Yoo1, Kideok Do1, Ki-Cheon Jun1, Jae-Seol Shim1 and Sungwon Shin2

1 Coastal Disaster Research Center, KIOST, Ansan, KOREA 2 Waterfront and Coastal Research Center, Kwandong University, Gangneung, KOREA

In recent years, swell-like large wave events have occurred on the east coast of Korea, causing severe breakwater over-topping disasters and dozens of life losses. Breakwater over-topping is mainly characterized by incident waves rather than other physical sources such as tide, currents, etc. A breakwater over-topping monitoring system, developed to reduce coastal damages by the swell-like waves around Korea, was enabled by CCTV imaging and analysis technique. In detail, the CCTV image frame sequences were sampled at 3 Hz during a time period of 15 minutes, and rectified using the surveyed breakwater geometry data, i.e., ground control points. The horizontal waterline oscillations which could be converted to run-up motions using the measured breakwater slope were extracted across the sloped breakwater incline from the rectified image sequences using a line detection method. Characteristics of the breakwater run-ups were analyzed from the time-series of the extracted waterline fluctuations using the spectral analysis method. Comparisons of the run-up and incident wave properties showed that the run-up heights were linearly influenced by the incident wave heights.

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EFFECTS OF EXOGENOUS NUTRIENTS AND CARBON DIOXIDE ON AQUARIUM-CULTIVATED SCLERACTINIAN CORALS

Denise M. Yost1, Hollie M. Putnam1, Richard Klobuchar2, Steve Coles2, Ruth D. Gates1

1Hawai`i Institute of Marine Biology

University of Hawai`i - Manoa Kaneohe, Hawai`i, USA

2Waikiki Aquarium

University of Hawai`i - Manoa Honolulu, Hawai`i, USA

Corals are threatened by changing environmental conditions but corals display high variability in response, with some corals able to recover and survive stressful events while others bleach and die. To understand how exogenous nutrients and carbon dioxide relate to functional thresholds in various hard coral species, we used seawater from a deep well that is naturally nutrient rich and relatively acidic (pH 7.6, pCO2 ~1200 μatm) and seawater from Waikiki beach to create flow through experimental treatments to test the hypothesis that high exogenous nutrient levels lessen the impact of high levels of CO2 in corals. By examining the interactions of exogenous nutrients and carbon dioxide levels at the molecular and physiological levels, we have improved our understanding of coral biological characteristics that contextualize environmental tolerance in corals under ecologically relevant environmental scenarios. ESTIMATING CONSUMER SURPLUS FOR RECREATIONAL SEA FISHING USING

INDIVIDUAL TRAVEL COST METHOD

Chang Sun Yum1 and Heedong Pyo2

1Division of Business Administration 2Department of Marine Business and Economics Pukyung National University, Busan, S. KOREA

This paper aims at estimating consumer surplus for recreational sea fishing in Tongyeong coastal area using individual travel cost method. A Poisson model (PM), a negative binomial model (NBM), a truncated Poisson model (TPM), and a truncated negative binomial model (TNBM) are applied for individual travel cost method in order to account characteristics of count data (non-negative discrete data.) The survey was conducted for 462 inshore anglers using personal interview method in Tongyeong during July and October 2007. Respondents were asked about how often they do fishing, travel costs, catch, income, and so on. Because of over-dispersion problem in PM and TPM, NBM and TNBM were considered to be more appropriate statistically. All parameters estimated are statistically significant and theoretically valid. As the results based on TNBM, consumer surplus per trip was estimated to be 183,486 won, total consumer surplus per person and per year 3,399,658 won, and the marginal effect of consumer surplus on % changes in catch rate is 185,372 won.

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RESEARCH PROGRESS ON ARTIFICIAL REEF HYDRODYNAMICS IN COASTAL

WATERS OF CHINA

Shouyu Zhang and Lin Jun

College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China

After artificial reefs are placed on the offshore seabed, wake vortexes and upwelling can be generated around the reefs under the effect of tidal current. Fish’s perception of the existence of reefs is mainly caused by environmental variation in flow field and feeding condition. In fish attractive experiments with reefs on the bottom of a channel, the occurrence frequency of fish around the reefs was examined using various reef structures and various background velocities. The flow characteristic values of the high-frequency fish occurrence area were selected as the index of wake vortexes and upwelling optimal for fish. Based on this index of wake vortexes and upwelling, numerical experiments of the channel using various types of reefs and its combinations were performed to select the reef design and configuration scheme. As a macroscopic hydrodynamic analysis, combining field observation, an unstructured grid ocean model was used to build a numerical model of the reef area, which could provide information for site selection, configuration of unit reef and reef group, and estimate of the ecological regulation size.

THE EELGRASS RESOURCES AND RESTORATION ALONG THE COASTS OF SHANDONG PENINSULA, CHINA

Xiumei Zhang, Wentao Li and Peidong Zhang

Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China

Five seagrass species (Zostera marina, Z. caespitosa, Z. japonica, Phyllospadix iwatensis and Phyllospadix japonicus) are found in the coastal areas of Shandong Peninsula, in which the dominant species is Z. marina. Many seagrass habitats around this area have been completely destroyed or are now in rapid decline due to both natural and anthropogenic disturbances. In order to restore the eelgrass resources, a series of transplanting experiments are explored with the staple, TERFS and sandwiched method in the Swan Lake and Shuangdao Bay located on the coast of the Shandong Peninsula. Survival rates of Z. marina shoots were over 65% from May 2009 to July 2012 and the survived eelgrass transplants have become habitats for some marine animals. In the meantime, we conducted Z. marina seed planting experiments using burlap bags under field settings to assess seedling establishment. Rate of seedling establishment attained 25.7% at sixth month after planting. Average shoot density reached 78.0 shoots m-2 after 22 months of planting. These results will provide valuable guidance for future restoration efforts in this area.

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STUDY ON KEY TECHNOLOGIES OF SEA RANCHING

IN THE COASTAL AREA OF SHANDONG PENINSULA, CHINA

Xiumei Zhang, Wentao Li and Peidong Zhang

Fisheries College, Ocean University of China Qingdao, Shandong, China

A series of laboratory and field experiments are explored to develop key technologies of sea ranching, including artificial reef, fish releasing and vegetation restoration. First, we made selections of shapes and materials of reefs based on different organisms (algae, fish, bivalve, sea cucumber, etc) and developed an evaluation system of the structure and function of artificial reef ecosystem based on the Ecopath model. Then we studied the migratory route of Paralichthys olivaceus in the coastal area of Shandong peninsula, habitat selection of released Scapharca broughtonii, feeding behavior model of Asterias amurensis, established marking technique for Sepia esculenta, P. olivaceus, Sebastods schlegelii and S. broughtonii, and developed techniques of large-scale mark, release and recapture of P. olivaceus. Lastly, we put forward the transplanting scheme of eelgrass plants, established three methods of eelgrass shoot transplantation and two technologies of eelgrass seed planting, and studied the ecological function and structure of eelgrass beds. The development of these key technologies will provide technical supports for enhancement and restoration of marine resources in the coastal area of Shandong peninsula.

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SPONSORS

Sarasota, Florida, USA

Dr. Lorenz Magaard

International Center for Climate and Society (ICCS)

SPECIAL MAHALO TO: ● Judith Fox-Goldstein

● Mary Ann Tsuchiyama ● Jules Ung

● Elizabeth Glover

● Lisa Zolnier

2525 Correa Road, HIG 407A Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 USA